酷想大晒台

哎呀呀,这个世界乱套了!大人变成了小孩,小孩变成了大人。现在,终于轮到各位小酷想家来当家做主了,快来看看他们都有什么出色的表现吧!看到爸妈变成了小孩,我立马学着他们的样子,下达了第一道命令:写作业去!我想他们一定会哭的,因为老师留的作业实在是太多了。新浪YOYO     

一年又一年

上了年纪的人都有相似的感觉,就是年纪越大,时间好像过得越快。小时候,过了元旦盼春节,过了春节盼五一、六一,过了六一盼国庆,过了国庆再盼元旦。时间总是那么漫长,盼望的假期似乎总是姗姗来迟。而如今,似乎一眨眼,一年就过去了。我给这个现象总结了一个理论,叫做相对     

百岁寿星 科学巨擘

贝时璋先生与20世纪同行,经历了百年世事沧桑,目睹了世纪科技巨变,体会了人生的无尽乐趣;同时,他也对中国生物物理学的发展做出了杰出贡献,展示了人生的巨大价值.     

生物信息学中途径研究进展

叙述了生物信息学中途径的研究背景;综述了近几年来相关途径及生物化学数据库及其特点;介绍了有关的途径分析方法.同时对于途径研究应用作了展望.     

2015年中国微生物遗传学研究领域若干重要进展

中国微生物遗传学研究在2015年取得了重要进展。本文回顾了2015年度中国本土科研团队在微生物遗传学领域取得的若干重要科研进展,扼要介绍了若干重点论文,展示了中国科学家在本领域的学术贡献。在基础微生物遗传学领域,明确了调控基因表达的一系列重要生物大分子的组成、结构和功能,解析了微生物免疫系统识别外源核酸片段的分子基础,阐明了多个微生物来源重要活性物质的生物合成途径及新颖的酶学反应过程,发现了微生物基因表达调控的新机理,在微生物发育、进化与群体行为生物学方面也取得一定进展。在工业微生物遗传学方面,阐明了微生物制造及其分子基础。在病原微生物遗传学方面,研究了多个致病菌的遗传调控,明晰了致病菌-宿主相互作用的遗传机制,在基因组水平解析了微生物耐药、新发病原和环境微生物的遗传机理,为致病菌防控新措施的研发提供了基础。在微生物多样性与环境微生物遗传学方面,展示了利用微生物遗传多样性的特点通过催化获得特定手性的化合物具有较好应用前景,肠道微生物组学研究方兴未艾。     

分子生物学对进化论的影响

自从1953年DNA双螺旋结构发现以后,紧接着对生物大分子的各种新发现层出不穷,生物学可谓就进入了分子生物学的时代,它使人们对生物学的认识提高到了一个新的水平,也开拓了新的领域.当然,分子生物学也使进化论的研究转入了一个更精细的水平,解决了进化论中一些争论的问题,同时也提出了一些新的研究思想和观点.     

2005年中国科学院生命科学和医学学部新当选院士简介

方精云生态学家。北京大学教授。1959年出生于安徽怀宁。1982年毕业于安徽农学院林学系,1989年获日本大阪市立大学生物学博士学位。现任中国生态学会副理事长及国内外多个学术刊物的副主编或编委。建立了我国陆地植被和土壤碳储量的研究方法,系统研究了我国陆地生态系统的碳储量及其变化,较早地开展了碳循环主要过程的野外观测,构建了中国第一个国家尺度的陆地碳循环模式,为我国陆地碳循环的研究奠定了基础;系统研究了我国大尺度的植被动态及时空变化,揭示了我国植被生产力的变化趋势、空间分异及其对气候变化响应的规律;系统开展了我国植被分布与气候关系的定量研究,提出了基于植被气候关系的我国植被带划分的原则和依据,首次采用统一的调查方法,较系统地研究了我国山地植物多样性的分布规律。     

远程教育培训给生物教学带来新的生机

远程教育培训给生物教学带来新的生机。夯实了专业知识,梳理了生物知识,使我认识到应该如何把握生物课堂教学,提高了课堂教学设计能力,凝聚了生物教师的力量,使老师们学到了很多知识和教学技能,解决了平时教学中的一些难题,提升了生物的教学水平。     

合理施肥对银杏园土壤肥力和酶活性的影响

首次研究合理施肥对银杏园土壤肥力和酶活性的影响,结果表明合理施肥,改善了土壤理化性状,显著地提高了土壤肥力和土壤酶的活性;从而培育了银杏发达的根群,促进了树体的生长。增加了银杏鲜根重和百叶鲜重,减少了银杏黄化株率,提高了银杏挂果株率及种核的产量和品质。     

越来越苍老的世界

中国全面推行计划生育政策,少生了3亿多人,节约了7万亿抚养费,也少了3亿可以负担养老的劳动力。由于老龄化加速,老年抚养比由1964年的6.4%上升为2002年的11.6%,离退休金平均实际递增18.9%。到2050年,中国的抚养比将可能达到70%。老龄化速度,法国用了115年,英国用了80年,美国用了60年,我国用了18年。     

Development of microsatellite markers for Pasania edulis (Makino) Makino, one of the dominant species of lucidphyllous forests in southern Kyushu, Japan

Pasania edulis (Makino) Makino is a Fagaceous tree species endemic to Japan and one of the dominant species in lucidphyllous forests in southern Kyushu, Japan. Recently, P. edulis was attacked by ambrosia beetles, Platypus quereivorus (Murayama) and mass mortality occurred in several areas in southern Kyushu. We isolated and characterized ten microsatellite loci in this species to reveal the genetic structure and gene flow. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 11 and expected heterozygosities from 0.3761 to 0.8346. The markers described here will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow, and planning for conservation of viable population of P. edulis.     

绞股蓝饮料的开发研究

以绞股蓝为主要原料,配以甘草、蜂蜜等,选择出适宜的配方和工艺条件,研制出色、香、味俱佳,清凉止渴,具有一定保健功能的天然饮品,有助于绞股蓝这一野生植物资源的开发利用.     

紫花地丁HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立紫花地丁药材HPLC指纹图谱,提供药材质量控制的可靠方法。方法:采用HPLC方法,以Agi-lent C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇-0.5%醋酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱;检测波长353 nm,流速1.0mL/min。结果:检测了12批不同来源的紫花地丁药材,确立了18个共有峰,建立了紫花地丁对照指纹图谱,计算各被测样品的HPLC指纹图谱的整体相似度,并指认了菊苣苷、七叶内酯、东莨菪素、早开堇菜苷4个特征峰,比较了上述成分在不同药材中的含量。结论:所建立的指纹图谱具有良好的精密度、重现性和稳定性,可作为紫花地丁药材质量控制标准。     

Morphological and structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino and its anti-exercise fatigue activity

The crude polysaccharide was obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino by water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The polysaccharide was successively purified by chromatography on DEAE-52 and SephadexG-150 column, and three polysaccharide fractions were obtained and termed GPP1-a, GPP2-b, and GPP3-a, respectively. The administration with GPP1-a markedly prolonged exhaustive exercise time of the mice. Structural features of GPP1-a were investigated by a combination of instrumental and chemical analyses, including atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), partial acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that GPP1-a has a backbone of (1 → 4)-linked α-d-Glucose residues, which occasionally branches at O-6. The branches are mainly composed of (1 → 6)-linked α-d-Glucose, (1 → 3)-linked β-d-Galactose and (1 → 6)-linked α-d-Galactose residues, and terminated with β-d-Galactose residues and β-l-Arabinose residues.     

Cardiovascular effects of the aqueous extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino

In the present study, the cardiovascular activity of the aqueous extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino leaves was investigated in the anaestetized guinea-pigs and has been compared with two of its isolated gypenosides (III, VIII) and with verapamil, a well-known Ca-antagonistic drug. The results obtained showed that the intravenous administration of the decoction of G. pentaphyllum (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) produced a protective effect against pitressin-induced coronaryspasm, arrhythmias and pressor response. Extract also increased the dose of ouabain required to cause ventricular tachyarrhythmias and lethality. Further extract reversed ouabain-induced persistent ventricular tachycardia and restored sinus rhythm in a dose-dependent manner. The results obtained have also shown that gypenosides III and VIII caused similar protective effects in both experimental models used; however, the duration of the action is lower than that of the extract containing corresponding quantities of gypenosides III and VIII.     

绞股蓝多糖的研究进展

绞股蓝多糖是绞股蓝中重要的药用活性成分：本文详细介绍了有关绞股蓝多糖的组成成分、生理活性和发展前景等的国内外研究概况。另外,介绍了本文作者所在实验室对绞股蓝多糖的研究,通过正交实验,表明在最佳的提取条件下．绞股蓝多糖的水提取率可以达到10％左右,组成绞股蓝的单一多糖至少有4种。     

Hoarding of acorns by granivorous mice and its role in the population processes of Pasania edulis (Makino) Makino

In order to evaluate the role of granivorous mice, Apodemus speciosus Temminck and Apodemus argenteus Temminck, in the regeneration of Pasania edulis (Makino) Makino, an evergreen tree, we conducted field studies examining acorn crops, the population dynamics and hoarding behavior of mice and pre- and postdispersal acorn predation in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by P.edulis in Kagoshima, southern Japan. The study was conducted from 1994 to 2000. Apodemus mice selected sound acorns and hoarded them in the soil after transporting them for distances ranging from 5.4 to 19.9m. This behavior appeared to be beneficial to the establishment of seedlings of P.edulis. However, the positive effects were negated by a high rate of recovery of the acorns hoarded by the mice. A life-table analysis of five cohorts of P.edulis indicated that postdispersal predation of acorns by Apodemus mice was a major contributor to annual variation in the number of new seedlings. A considerable number of acorns germinated only in years with a good acorn crop and a low level of resident mice. These results suggest that Apodemus mice are serious acorn predators rather than important dispersers. After germination, acorns were attacked by the acorn borer at a high rate. From these results, we can conclude that acorn production probably makes a smaller contribution to the regeneration of P.edulis than coppice shoot production at the study site.     

日本臭菘不同部位氨基酸和粗蛋白含量的测定

为了更好的开发和利用日本臭菘资源,对日本臭菘各组织的氨基酸和粗蛋白含量进行了测定。结果显示,日本臭菘花、叶和根的氨基酸总含量分别为16.23%、19.45%、12.46%;日本臭菘花、叶、根中粗蛋白含量分别为25.32%、27.10%、17.78%。结果表明,日本臭菘叶中的粗蛋白总含量和氨基酸含量最高,根中的粗蛋白含量和氨基酸含量最低。     

北京唇形科一新记录属——龙头草属

该文报道了发现于北京市密云区的1种被子植物新记录——荨麻叶龙头草[Meehania urticifolia(Miq.)Makino],其所隶属的龙头草属(Meehania Britton)为北京分布新记录。描述了荨麻叶龙头草的形态特征与生境,凭证标本藏于浙江大学标本馆(HZU)。荨麻叶龙头草于1899年首次发现于日本,是东北亚分布植物,此前在中国仅分布于东北。北京云蒙山发现的分布点,显然是该种目前在中国分布最西的分布点,可能于冰川期从东北亚迁移而来。     

Coptis japonica Makino extract suppresses angiogenesis through regulation of cell cycle-related proteins

Angiogenesis, neovascularization from pre-existing vessels, is a key step in tumor growth and metastasis, and anti-angiogenic agents that can interfere with these essential steps of cancer development are a promising strategy for human cancer treatment. In this study, we characterized the anti-angiogenic effects of Coptis japonica Makino extract (CJME) and its mechanism of action. CJME significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated HUVECs. Furthermore, CJME suppressed VEGF-induced tube formation in vitro and VEGF-induced microvessel sprouting ex vivo. According to our study, CJME blocked VEGF-induced cell cycle transition in G1. CJME decreased expression of cell cycle-regulated proteins, including Cyclin D, Cyclin E, Cdk2, and Cdk4 in response to VEGF. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that CJME suppresses VEGF-induced angiogenic events such as proliferation, migration, and tube formation via cell cycle arrest in G1.