2003-2004年生物磁学研究和应用的新进展

本综述性论文开始写于1979年,其后每年撰写。每年撰写的内容包含：①生物磁场;②磁场生物效应;③生物磁技术;④生物磁法研究;⑤生物磁应用     

2004-2005年生物磁学研究和应用的新进展

李国栋教授是我国名的物理学家,是我国生物磁学,广义磁学研究领域的开拓之一,每年为本刊撰写磁学领域发展的“专论与综述”。其每年撰写的内容包含：①生物磁性和生物磁场;②磁场生物效应;③生物磁技术;④生物磁法研究;⑤生物磁应用[编按]     

2004- 2005 年生物磁学研究和应用的新进展

李国栋教授是我国著名的物理学家,是我国生物磁学,广义磁学研究领域的开拓者之一,每年为本刊撰写磁学领域发展的“专论与综述”。其每年撰写的内容包含:①生物磁性和生物磁场;②磁场生物效应;③生物磁技术;④生物磁法研究;⑤生物磁应用     

2001-2002年生物磁学新进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写。最初在《中华物理医学》杂志发表,1994年起在《生物磁学》杂志发表。每年综述均介绍当时国内外生物磁学的若干重要新进展。内容包括：生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

1998—1999年生物磁学进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写,旨在介绍国内外生物磁学的重要进展,内容包括：生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应、生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究、生物磁学应用。     

2002—2003年生物磁学新进展

这一新进展综述自1979年开始每年撰写。最初在《中华物理医学杂志》发表,1994年起在《生物磁学》杂志发表。每年综述均介绍当时国内外生物磁学的若干重要的新进展。内容包括：生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

2000—2001年生物磁学进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写,旨在介绍国内外生物磁学的重要进展,内容包括：生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术,生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

2000-2001年生物磁学进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写,旨在介绍国内外生物磁学的重要进展,内容包括:生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

2001-2002年生物磁学新进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写。最初在《中华物理医学》杂志发表,1994年起在《生物磁学》杂志发表。每年综述均介绍当时国内外生物磁学的若干重要新进展。内容包括:生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

2002-2003年生物磁学新进展

这一新进展综述自1979年开始每年撰写。最初在《中华物理医学杂志》发表,1994年起在《生物磁学》杂志发表。每年综述均介绍当时国内外生物磁学的若干重要的新进展。内容包括:生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

Theoretical and Computational Multiple Regression Study of Gastric Electrical Activity Using Dipole Tracing from Magnetic Field Measurements

The biomagnetic inverse problem has captured the interest of both mathematicians and physicists due to its important applications in the medical field. As a result of our experience in analyzing the electrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle, we present here a theoretical model of the magnetic field in the stomach and a computational implementation whereby we demonstrate its realism and usefulness. The computational algorithm developed for this purpose consists of dividing the magnetic field signal input surface into centroid-based grids that allow recursive least-squares approximations to be applied, followed by comparison tests in which the locations of the best-fitting current dipoles are determined. In the second part of the article, we develop a multiple-regression analysis of experimental gastric magnetic data collected using Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometers and successfully processed using our algorithm. As a result of our analysis, we conclude on statistical grounds that it is sufficient to model the electrical activity of the GI tract using only two electric current dipoles in order to account for the magnetic data recorded non-invasively with SQUID magnetometers above the human abdomen.     

Uniform magnetic fields and double-wrapped coil systems: improved techniques for the design of bioelectromagnetic experiments.

A common mistake in biomagnetic experimentation is the assumption that Helmholtz coils provide uniform magnetic fields; this is true only for a limited volume at their center. Substantial improvements on this design have been made during the past 140 years with systems of three, four, and five coils. Numerical comparisons of the field uniformity generated by these designs are made here, along with a table of construction details and recommendations for their use in experiments in which large volumes of uniform intensity magnetic exposures are needed. Double-wrapping, or systems of bifilar windings, can also help control for the non-magnetic effects of the electric coils used in many experiments. In this design, each coil is wrapped in parallel with two separate, adjacent strands of copper wire, rather than the single strand used normally. If currents are flowing in antiparallel directions, the magnetic fields generated by each strand will cancel and yield virtually no external magnetic field, whereas parallel currents will yield an external field. Both cases will produce similar non-magnetic effects of ohmic heating, and simple measures can reduce the small vibration and electric field differences. Control experiments can then be designed such that the only major difference between treated and untreated groups is the presence or absence of the magnetic field. Double-wrapped coils also facilitate the use of truly double-blind protocol, as the same apparatus can be used either for experimental or control groups.     

生物磁技术在工农业的应用及其机理探讨

本文综述了近年来生物磁技术在工农业方面的应用,并对磁生物学效应的机理进行探讨。     

趋磁螺菌中磁小体链装配相关基因及其功能

趋磁细菌(MTB)依赖于体内磁小体结构在磁场中取向,多个磁小体以一定的组 织形式排列是形成菌体内生物磁罗盘的重要环节．多数趋磁细菌中磁小体成链排列,有效增加了细胞磁偶极矩,从而使菌体表现出在环境磁场中定向的能力．趋磁螺菌M. magneticum AMB－1和M. gryphiswaldense MSR－1中磁小体均沿细胞长轴形成一条磁 小体链．通过对相关基因突变体表型的研究,结合对磁小体链形成过程的实时动态观 察,人们已初步了解MamJ、MamK和MamA等基因在磁小体链装配和维护过程中的功能．本文介绍了近年来趋磁螺菌磁小体链装配过程中重要功能性基因的研究进展,并重点分析了AMB-1和MSR-1中磁小体链装配的差异．     

生物磁效应对蛹虫草活性物质含量的影响

利用场强为0.1、0.25、0.4T恒定磁场,以流速为1 m·s^-1,分别对普通水进行9次处理,串联（SC）磁场处理3次的磁处理水,进而用于栽培蛹虫草,并研究了生物磁效应对蛹虫草虫草素、虫草酸、多糖含量及生物学转化效率的影响。结果表明,0.4T处理有利于蛹虫草虫草酸含量及生物学效率的提高,相比对照组分别提高了7.29%和15.37%;0.25T处理组有利于虫草素的积累,比对照组提高了11.31%;0.1T处理有利于多糖的积累,相比对照组提高了14.80%。方差分析表明,经不同场强处理的磁化水对蛹虫草子实体生长和活性物的代谢影响差异显著。但磁处理水对于不同物质含量的影响规律存在一定的差异性。     

Electrically silent magnetic fields.

There has been a significant controversy over the past decade regarding the relative information content of bioelectric and biomagnetic signals. In this paper we present a new, theoretical example of an electrically-silent magnetic field, based on a bidomain model of a cylindrical strand of tissue generalized to include off-diagonal components in the conductivity tensors. The physical interpretation of the off-diagonal components is explained, and analytic expressions for the electrical potential and the magnetic field are found. These expressions show that information not obtainable from electrical potential measurements can be obtained from measurements of the magnetic field in systems with conductivity tensors more complicated than those previously examined.     

Pulse-driven magnetoimpedance sensor detection of cardiac magnetic activity

This study sought to establish a convenient method for detecting biomagnetic activity in the heart. Electrical activity of the heart simultaneously induces a magnetic field. Detection of this magnetic activity will enable non-contact, noninvasive evaluation to be made. We improved the sensitivity of a pulse-driven magnetoimpedance (PMI) sensor, which is used as an electric compass in mobile phones and as a motion sensor of the operation handle in computer games, toward a pico-Tesla (pT) level, and measured magnetic fields on the surface of the thoracic wall in humans. The changes in magnetic field detected by this sensor synchronized with the electric activity of the electrocardiogram (ECG). The shape of the magnetic wave was largely altered by shifting the sensor position within 20 mm in parallel and/or perpendicular to the thoracic wall. The magnetic activity was maximal in the 4th intercostals near the center of the sterna. Furthermore, averaging the magnetic activity at 15 mm in the distance between the thoracic wall and the sensor demonstrated magnetic waves mimicking the P wave and QRS complex. The present study shows the application of PMI sensor in detecting cardiac magnetic activity in several healthy subjects, and suggests future applications of this technology in medicine and biology.     

Investigation of the temporal and spatial dynamics of muscular action potentials through optically pumped magnetometers

AimThis study aims to simultaneously record the magnetic and electric components of the propagating muscular action potential.MethodA single-subject study of the monosynaptic stretch reflex of the musculus rectus femoris was performed; the magnetic field generated by the muscular activity was recorded in all three spatial directions by five optically pumped magnetometers. In addition, the electric field was recorded by four invasive fine-wire needle electrodes. The magnetic and electric fields were compared by modelling the muscular anatomy of the rectus femoris muscle and by simulating the corresponding magnetic field vectors.ResultsThe magnetomyography (MMG) signal can reliably be recorded following the stimulation of the monosynaptic stretch reflex. The MMG signal shows several phases of activity inside the muscle, the first of which is the propagating muscular action potential. As predicted by the finite wire model, the magnetic field vectors of the propagating muscular action potential are generated by the current flowing along the muscle fiber. Based on the magnetic field vectors, it was possible to reconstruct the pinnation angle of the muscle fibers. The later magnetic field components are linked to the activation of the contractile apparatus.InterpretationMMG allows to analyze the muscle physiology from the propagating muscular action potential to the initiation of the contractile apparatus. At the same time, this methods reveals information about muscle fiber direction and extend. With the development of high-resolution magnetic cameras, that are based on OPM technology, it will be possible to image the function and structure of the biomagnetic field of any skeletal muscle with high precision. This method could be used both, in clinical medicine and also in sports science.     

Biomagnetic monitoring of urban air pollution using moss bags (Sphagnum girgensohnii)

Active moss biomonitoring is widely applied in polluted areas for monitoring of airborne particle-bound trace element pollution. This study explored the suitability of the moss Sphagnum girgensohnii for biomagnetic monitoring in cities. To this end S. girgensohnii moss bags were exposed at three different microenvironments characterized by heavy traffic – street canyons, a city tunnel and parking garages during the summer and autumn of 2011 in the city of Belgrade. The ferro(i)magnetic PM fraction in the moss samples was quantified by Saturated Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM) and the measured values were compared with the trace element concentration in the moss samples. SIRM values were significantly different across the considered urban microenvironments. Moreover, a high correlation between moss SIRM values and concentrations of Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb was found. These results demonstrate that moss bags can be effectively applied for biomagnetic monitoring of the spatio-temporal distribution of road traffic and vehicles derived pollutants in urban areas.     

Magnetic anisotropy of the radula of chiton Acanthochiton rubrolinestus LISCHKE

The magnetic anisotropy of the whole radula, the major lateral radula teeth, and magnetic material in the major lateral radula teeth of the chiton Acanthochiton rubrolinestus LISCHKE have been studied by a magnetic torque meter and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The length and width axes of the teeth are the easily magnetized axes, while the thickness axis is difficult to magnetize. The width and thickness axes of the radula are the easily magnetized axes, and the length axis is difficult to magnetize. The measurement results of the whole radula and the major lateral radula teeth agree well with each other. The magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic material is given as well as a possible distribution of the magnetic material in the major lateral radula teeth.