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1.
兰花的种子培养   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
随着植物组织培养技术的蓬勃发展,种子培养也被广泛地应用于花卉、蔬菜、果树和林木等的培养.这是因为利用种子培养可以打破种子休眠,缩短成株时间,提前开花;对一些不能正常萌发的种子及稀有的、珍贵植物的种子,可以把它们的种子接种在加有合适的激素和有机生长物质的培养基上,就会大量萌发而延续后代;另外应用最多还是通过植物种子的培养可以获得大量的无菌苗,为快速繁殖提供无菌的外植体材料.  相似文献   

2.
几种兰花种子无菌萌发及胚胎发育过程的几种途径   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
以虎头兰(黄色素花)×大雪兰、大雪兰×虎头兰(黄色素花)、虎头兰(黄色素花)×黄蝉兰、黄蝉兰×虎头兰(黄色素花)、冬凤兰、竹叶兰、窄唇蜘蛛兰、半柱毛兰、三褶虾脊兰和多花脆兰为材料,进行了杂交和自交种子无菌培养研究,并对胚胎发育进行了显微观察,结果表明:兰花种胚的发育途径有两条,一是种胚突破种皮后再转绿;二是种胚转绿后再突破种皮,且两条途径是同时进行的。种胚突破种皮的方式有3种:一是种子发育过程中,种皮慢慢消失,变成裸露的胚;二是种胚向种子的一端移动,最终突破种皮;三是种胚从种子的一侧突破种皮,形成裸胚。幼苗的发育途径有两条:一是小球体经圆球茎发育成小苗;二是小球体伸长成根茎后发育成小苗。  相似文献   

3.
墨兰Cymbidium sinense(Andr.) Willd.是国兰的一种,它清丽高雅幽香,在华南地区正逢春节前后开花,深受人们的喜爱,是传统的迎春年花佳品.长期以来,墨兰新品种的开发几乎都是来自野外采集,人工驯化,常规繁殖多采用分株法,繁殖速度慢,不但限制了现有墨兰名优品种的推广普及,也不利于墨兰的定向育种,因此墨兰的快速繁殖工作是开发利用我国丰富墨兰种质资源的必由之路。1材料与方法 采用华南植物园引种栽培成功的企剑黑墨、金边墨兰、仙殿白墨健壮母株进行人工自花授粉,取胚龄250—300 d的成…  相似文献   

4.
濒危药用植物桃儿七的离体培养研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以桃儿七种子诱导的无菌苗为材料,研究了外源激素对芽诱导、增殖和生根的影响,建立了桃儿七离体培养再生体系。结果表明:芽诱导阶段,采用3.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L-1 GA3激素组合,出芽率最高可达85-71%,缩短出芽时间30~40 d,在添加3.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L-1 IAA的MS培养基上利于增殖,增殖速度快,增殖系数1.63。以WPM+1.5 mg·L-1 IAA+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA的培养基培养30 d 后,生根率可达60.1%。  相似文献   

5.
五唇兰种子离体培养的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
伍成厚  叶秀粦  梁承邺 《广西植物》2005,25(2):149-151,i004
授粉90d的五唇兰种子95%具球形胚,无菌条件下播种于培养基3个月后种子最高萌发率达到 90%。ABA和高浓度的NH4NO3抑制种子的萌发。NAA和BA促进种子的萌发,最适浓度为BA0.2mg· L 1+NAA0.5mg·L 1。400mg·L 1的谷氨酰胺可促进原球茎生长。2000mg·L 1的蛋白胨促进原球茎发 育成苗。  相似文献   

6.
5种野生无髯鸢尾种子休眠与萌发特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以5种野生无髯鸢尾种子为材料,从种子的吸水率和发芽率两个方面分析休眠原因与打破休眠促进萌发的方法,为中国鸢尾属植物的种质资源保护与应用提供技术支持。结果表明:(1)5种野生无髯鸢尾种子的吸水率比较显示,玉蝉花和山鸢尾的种皮透水性最好,其次是燕子花的种皮透水性,溪荪的种皮透水性最差;种皮的透水、透气性差及致密的胚乳是抑制马蔺种子萌发的主要原因;另外,变温可增加野生无髯鸢尾种子种皮和胚乳的透水性。(2)马蔺和溪荪种子的种皮对萌发存在强烈的抑制作用,而燕子花、山鸢尾和玉蝉花种子的种皮抑制作用不显著;珠孔端胚乳是5种野生鸢尾种子休眠的主要因素。(3)温度对5种野生无髯鸢尾种子萌发影响很大,变温处理显著提高了马蔺、溪荪、玉蝉花种子的萌发率,且最适条件为:变温30℃/20℃、8h光照/16h黑暗,但该条件对山鸢尾和燕子花种子萌发的影响不显著,即单一因子不能打破燕子花和山鸢尾种子的休眠。研究发现,5种野生无髯鸢尾种子休眠和萌发特征各异,主要影响因素也不尽相同,但珠孔端胚乳是5种野生无髯鸢尾种子休眠的主要因素;低温层积处理与变温30℃/20℃相结合能明显提高野生无髯鸢尾属种子的发芽率,是其种子打破休眠的有效措施。  相似文献   

7.
九顶山区野生兰花资源分布及保护   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过对九顶山区野生兰花资源的种类、分布现状调查,发现九顶山区有野生兰花资源38属,87种,有些种类已经濒临绝灭。并针对九顶山区野生兰花资源保护管理现状,就如何制定九顶山区野生兰花资源保护管理规划提出决策建议。  相似文献   

8.
1植物名称 金发草[Pogonatherum,paniceum(Lam.)Hack.],又名金发竹、竹蒿草。 2材料类型 种子萌发的无菌苗带腋芽的茎段。  相似文献   

9.
通过对安徽省野生兰花资源的调查,发现安徽省野生兰花资源主要集中于皖西大别山山区及皖南山区,共有野生兰花资源34属、56种,是华东地区盛产地之一,也是全国乃至世界兰花资源的重要来源;以少种属和寡种属为主;生活类型以地生为主;垂直分布格局上呈一定规律分布;安徽省兰科植物属分布区类型可以划分为9类型3变型,明显的温带和亚热带过渡的特点;另外就安徽省的兰花资源现状提出了保护建议。  相似文献   

10.
4种野生牡丹种子休眠和萌发特性及与其致濒的关系   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
与栽培牡丹相比,野生矮牡丹、四川牡丹和紫斑牡丹的种子一般罗小,但野生黄牡丹种子则明显大于栽培牡丹。这4种濒危的野生牡丹种子的休眠与萌发特性一栽培牡丹的有明显差异;萌发生根期需半年以上,但通过胚培养可使之减至2周;萌发温度以10-15℃为宜,超过20℃则明显不利于生根及上胚轴生长;打契上胚轴休眠需要严格的低温;野生牡丹种子的萌发率及打破上胚轴休眠后的出苗率也大大低于栽培牡丹,而且在不同分布地之间存在  相似文献   

11.
    
Aims Pond environmental conditions may differ among years with regards to the season in which ponds begin to fill. We experimentally evaluated how seedling emergence, plant growth and phenology differed among years in which filling occurred in winter, autumn or spring.Methods We collected sediments from a natural temporary pond and located them in aquariums. They were placed in a climatic chamber that simulated annual variation in field environmental temperatures and light conditions. Aquariums were assigned to one of three treatments, which differed in the date on which they were filled with water (autumn, winter and spring). We counted the number of seedlings of different species emerged and recorded data about the presence of flowers, seeds or spores every week. The experiment was finished in June, when we harvested the plants and estimated their biomass.Important findings In most species, seedling emergences were primarily related to time after filling, and thus synchronized their life cycles with the unpredictably timed wet phase of the ponds. Autumn filling resulted in the highest numbers of seeds/spores. However, winter filling promoted plant growth the most. In the spring filling treatment, more terrestrial plant seedlings emerged and fewer seeds/spores were produced. When ponds are flooded earlier, plants may produce a higher number of propagules. However, in years when inundation is delayed to spring and hydroperiods are short, seedling emergence deplete the seed bank and there is little to no seed production, while terrestrial monocots are able to colonize pond basin.  相似文献   

12.
通过室内发芽试验研究了卡那霉素对中华结缕草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,卡那霉素处理对中华结缕草种子萌发影响不显著,而不同浓度及不同处理时间则对其幼苗生长影响显著。随着卡那霉素处理浓度增高,中华结缕草的株高、根系生长及侧根发生受抑制程度加重,白化率增大;随着处理天数的延长,株高、根系生长量降低。综合各项指标,确定卡那霉素最佳浓度为75 mg/L,最佳处理时间为6~10 d。  相似文献   

13.
田媛  李建贵  潘丽萍  赵岩 《生态学报》2010,30(18):4898-4904
在梭梭的主要分布区——古尔班通古特沙漠南缘,就种子萌发、幼苗存活展开研究,以确定在梭梭萌生初期,决定其成活的关键影响因素。实验于2008年36月进行,设置了9个水分处理(3倍降雪、正常降雪、无降雪条件与人工降雨、自然降雨、无降雨处理的交叉组合),同步监测梭梭萌发、存活数量动态及春季短命植物数量。结果表明,梭梭种子萌发数量与积雪量增加无显著相关关系,短命植物萌发数量与积雪量呈显著正相关。总体水分条件较好时,梭梭幼苗与短命植物萌发数量都增多,但由于短命植物竞争,幼苗成活率未必高;反之,在水分条件较差时,梭梭幼苗与短命植物萌发数量都降低,短命植物消耗的水分减少,梭梭幼苗存活率反而高。也就是说,在梭梭幼苗的生长初期,它在与短命植物的水分竞争中处于劣势,直接的降水增加并不能提高其存活率。  相似文献   

14.
胡桃醌对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以小麦种子为试验材料,采用培养皿药膜法、生化分析法研究了胡桃醌对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果显示:(1)与对照相比,低浓度胡桃醌(4和20μmol.L-1)处理能促进小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长,种子α-淀粉酶活性增大,幼苗中可溶性蛋白含量升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量减少,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性无显著变化。(2)当胡桃醌浓度大于100μmol.L-1时,对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长开始呈现抑制作用,种子α-淀粉酶活力降低,幼苗相对含水量、可溶性蛋白含量降低,MDA含量升高,SOD活性先增大后减小。(3)在最大浓度胡桃醌(1 250μmol.L-1)处理下,小麦幼根的细胞形状不规则,排列混乱,层次不分明,维管束模糊不清,幼苗细胞质壁分离,叶绿体萎缩坏死,细胞核变形。研究表明,高浓度胡桃醌通过抑制受体小麦保护酶活性,加重膜脂过氧化程度,导致幼根、幼苗细胞结构的破坏,从而产生化感效应,且化感效应随浓度的增加不断增强。  相似文献   

15.
湘西种子植物野菜资源调查及其开发利用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
湘西种子植物野菜资源分布区域广,蕴藏量大,共计87科119属335种.通过对其分布概况、利用价值、开发现状的初步调查,发现湘西野菜开发存在着野菜资源利用率和开发程度低、采收技术不合理及人工栽培管理水平低、野菜加工质量偏低等问题.并提出野菜资源开发利用的措施:在大力发展木本野菜的同时,结合旅游业发展野菜系列产品,重视野菜的深加工和贮藏保鲜的研究.  相似文献   

16.
The present study examined seed dispersal and germination in three of the most threatened endemic labiates of Cyprus: Origanum cordifolium , Phlomis brevibracteata and Phlomis cypria ssp. occidentalis . Some common traits in these taxa can be correlated with their overall survival strategy. Seeds mature in mid to late summer, but most seeds remain on the mother plants until the beginning of the rainy season. The opening of the calyces containing the seeds seems to be caused by absorption of moisture. Water is also the most important dispersal factor because the seeds are dispersed by rain. Seed germination occurs at relatively low temperatures that prevail in the field at the beginning of the rainy season. This behavior provides the plants with ecological advantages because their seeds are exposed on the soil at the most appropriate period (mid to late autumn) for germination and seedling survival. The present study contributes substantially to in situ and ex situ conservation of these threatened plants.  相似文献   

17.
4种野生牡丹种子休眠和萌发特性及与其致濒的关系(英文)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
与栽培牡丹相比,野生矮牡丹、四川牡丹和紫斑牡丹的种子一般较小,但野生黄牡丹种子则明显大于栽培牡丹。这4 种濒危的野生牡丹种子的休眠与萌发特性与栽培牡丹的有明显差异:萌发生根期需半年以上,但通过胚培养可使之减至2 周;萌发温度以10~15℃为宜, 超过20℃则明显不利于生根及上胚轴生长; 打破上胚轴休眠需要严格的低温;野生牡丹种子的萌发率及打破上胚轴休眠后的出苗率也大大低于栽培牡丹,而且在不同分布地之间存在较大差异。实验证明:在自然状态下野生牡丹缺乏充分的传粉,特别是居群间的传粉不足,导致其种子质量低下;而野生牡丹种子特殊的萌发特性,特别是严格的上胚轴休眠,则是导致其出苗率极低及自然状态下幼苗和种群稀少的重要内因。生化测定结果表明:在低温打破牡丹种子上胚轴休眠过程中,子叶中的萌发促进剂GA3 含量明显升高,抑制剂ABA 含量显著下降;而胚乳中的各种激素含量则变化不大,胚轴中的激素变化无明显规律,因此认为子叶是控制牡丹种子上胚轴休眠的关键部位。  相似文献   

18.
    
  1. Ecologically meaningful seed germination experiments are constrained by access to seeds and relevant environments for testing at the same time. This is particularly the case when research is carried out far from the native area of the studied species.
  2. Here, we demonstrate an alternative—the use of glasshouses in botanic gardens as simulated‐natural habitats to extend the ecological interpretation of germination studies. Our focal taxa were banana crop wild relatives (Musa acuminata subsp. burmannica, Musa acuminata subsp. siamea, and Musa balbisiana), native to tropical and subtropical South‐East Asia. Tests were carried out in Belgium, where we performed germination tests in relation to foliage‐shading/exposure to solar radiation and seed burial depth, as well as seed survival and dormancy release in the soil. We calibrated the interpretation of these studies by also conducting an experiment in a seminatural habitat in a species native range (M. balbisiana—Los Baños, the Philippines), where we tested germination responses to exposure to sun/shade. Using temperature data loggers, we determined temperature dynamics suitable for germination in both these settings.
  3. In these seminatural and simulated‐natural habitats, seeds germinated in response to exposure to direct solar radiation. Seed burial depth had a significant but marginal effect by comparison, even when seeds were buried to 7 cm in the soil. Temperatures at sun‐exposed compared with shaded environments differed by only a few degrees Celsius. Maximum temperature of the period prior to germination was the most significant contributor to germination responses and germination increased linearly above a threshold of 23℃ to the maximum temperature in the soil (in simulated‐natural habitats) of 35℃.
  4. Glasshouses can provide useful environments to aid interpretation of seed germination responses to environmental niches.
  相似文献   

19.
    
Plant production practices can influence the genetic diversity of cultivated plant materials and, ultimately, their potential to adapt to a reintroduction site. A common step in the plant production process is the application of seed pretreatment to alleviate physiological seed dormancy and successfully germinate seeds. In production settings, the seeds that germinate more rapidly may be favored in order to fill plant quotas. In this study, we investigated how the application of cold-moist stratification treatments with different durations can lead to differences in the genetic diversity of the propagated plant materials. Specifically, we exposed seeds of three Viola species to two different cold stratification durations, and then we analyzed the genetic diversity of the resulting subpopulations through double-digestion restriction site-associated sequencing (ddRADseq). Our results show that, in two out of three species, utilizing a short stratification period will decrease the genetic diversity of neutral and expressed loci, likely due to the imposition of a genetic bottleneck and artificial selection. We conclude that, in some species, the use of minimal stratification practices in production may jeopardize the adaptive potential and long-term persistence of reintroduced populations and suggest that practitioners carefully consider the evolutionary implications of their production protocols. We highlight the need to consider the germination ecology of target species when selecting the length of dormancy-breaking pretreatments.  相似文献   

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