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1.
短柄五加种子结构、后熟作用及其细胞化学研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
短柄五加Eleutherococcus brachypus Harms种子为扁肾形,种皮由一层细胞构成。种子脱落时,胚为心形胚期,胚周围的胚乳细胞解体形成液样囊腔,并包裹胚,胚细胞中存在较多蛋白质,胚乳细胞贮存大量蛋白质颗粒和脂类,但两者均未见多糖颗粒。有萌发潜能的种子只占全部种子的9.27%。在试验地种植条件下饱满种子经18~19个月后萌发,出苗率为1.67%,该过程细胞化学特点是胚细胞中蛋白质含量逐渐减少,并逐渐积累少量多糖颗粒。种子经变温层积处理6个月即可完成后熟过程,其细胞化学特点是胚细胞中蛋白质含量逐渐减少,但在心形胚后期即已积累大量多糖颗粒,并一直保持至胚完全发育成熟。经比较短柄五加与刺五加的种子结构、后熟作用及其细胞化学特点,认为短柄五加种子质量差、自然状态下后熟时间长和出苗率低是短柄五加致濒的重要生殖因素,并提出了相应保护方法。  相似文献   

2.
激素在人参种胚后熟中的作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
  相似文献   

3.
黄连种子后熟过程的解剖学研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
黄连种子采收埋土后,需要经过9—10个月才能出土萌发。这是由于黄连种子在4—5月脱落吋,胚未成长,一般尚只在球形胚或心形胚早期。后来经过较长时期心形胚阶段,才变成鱼雷形胚。大约要到翌年1月时,胚胎完全成长。所以黄连种子不易萌发是因为胚胎尚未成长。不过,黄连幼胚的胚轴上端的顶端分生组织旁第一片真叶原基则出现很早。从黄连胚胎的整个成长过程来看,如果创造某种条件设法缩短心形胚阶段,可能缩短整个种子的萌发过程。  相似文献   

4.
采用泉花10号,汕油71的春秋花生种子为材料,利用细胞化学方法,在环氧树脂厚切片中分别显示出下胚轴和子叶中的多糖、蛋白质和脂类,并对其数量、形态及分布进行比较.结果表明,春花生种子下胚轴细胞较大,且内部结构清晰,排列规则,发育充分,而秋花生种子成熟度较低.对于子叶细胞,在春花生中,其贮藏物质丰富含大量的脂体、蛋白体,排列紧密;而秋花生细胞内部结构疏松,液泡中尚未充满蛋白质,但淀粉粒似较多.这就从细胞学的角度解释了生产上采用春花生种子的优越性..另外,在方法上对环氧树脂厚切片中多糖、蛋白质、脂类的细胞化学染色方法和染色保存进行了讨论.  相似文献   

5.
唐巍  吴绛云 《生物技术》1992,2(4):21-24
西洋参(Panax Quinquefolium L.)种胚需经形态后熟和生理后熟后才能萌发.经过激素(GA100ppm+KT50ppm+BA20ppm)处理的西洋参种子,在后熟过程中鲜重增加,β—淀粉酶活性增强,过氧化物酶活性保持较高水平.在生理后熟期,可溶性蛋白量逐渐增多.激素处理加速了胚体内物质的分解和合成,促使胚迅速发育和分化,缩短了种胚完成形态和生理后熟的时间,使种子提早一年萌发.  相似文献   

6.
A comparative study was conducted on cytochemistry of spring and fall crop seeds in peanut cultivars Quanhua No. 10 and Shanyou 71 respectively. Lipids, protein, and polysaccharides in cells of axis and coteledon were simultaneously shown in the Epon812 buried section by means of cytochemistry, and their morphology, quantity and distribution were compared. Embryo cells of spring crop seed develop fully with big cell more vivid contrasting texture and more regularly disposed organelle, but the counterpart cells in fall crop seeds were not as much mature and their organelle arrangement appeared somewhat irregular. In cotyledon storage cells, there were also some difference between spring crop seed and fall crop seed. Cells of spring crop seeds were full of reserves, with more lipid and protein bodies that were closely ranged and extruded with each other. However, the cell structure in fall crop seeds was more loosely arranged, vacuoles had not been filled with protein, but starch grains accumulated more. Therefore, it was shown clearly that spring crop seeds have some advantages over fall crop seeds on production application. Moreover, some cytochemical techniques for demonstration of lipid, polysaccharide and protein in thick resin section and the stain protection were discussed in the paper.  相似文献   

7.
刺五加种群生态学的研究Ⅰ.刺五加的种群结构   总被引:22,自引:9,他引:22  
本文分析了3种天然次生林群落下和皆伐迹地上刺五加种群的年龄结构、表现结构,结果表明,在天然次生林中,刺五加种群的发展与群落的演替一致,为进展种群。该种群的平均年龄与其所处群落的稳定性有关,而其最大年龄及平均密度与群落中的自然环境、干扰程度等有关。其株数随年龄而变化。林下和皆伐迹地上的刺五加表现结构因群落生境、干扰程度和种群年龄阶段不同而有较明显差异。  相似文献   

8.
杨凯  李磊  龙光强  孟珍贵  李龙根  陈军文 《广西植物》2016,36(12):1519-1525
该研究以3年生三七成熟种子为材料,通过对三七种子种胚切片观察、抗氧化酶活性测定及相关基因表达量的变化分析,从生理、形态及转录组3个层面了解顽拗性三七种子的内在机理.结果表明:三七种子后熟0~40 d,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性先升高后降低,过氧化物酶(POD)的活性升高.后熟40 d时SOD、POD、CAT、APX相关差异表达基因的FPKM值分别为28、13、356、105,皆处于较高水平,此时观察到完整的细胞结构,种胚完成形态成熟,丙二醛(MDA)含量达到了最高值,说明三七种子内部抗氧化系统抵御氧化伤害最激烈,对水分胁迫造成的氧化伤害最为敏感.伴随后熟时间的延长,膜脂过氧化作用加剧造成细胞膜的降解,导致细胞功能丧失和畸形死亡,抗氧化系统酶活性降低不能有效抵御氧化伤害可能是导致顽拗性三七种子脱水敏感的重要原因之一.  相似文献   

9.
10.
猕猴桃后熟软化影响因素的研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
就采前立地条件、栽培技术、采后的处理和环境条件与生理变化的关系以及软腐病等因素对猕猴桃后熟软化的影响进行了阐述。  相似文献   

11.
综述了国内外对刺五加体细胞胚发生研究的现状。分别对刺五加体细胞胚发生方式、体细胞胚发育相关生理生化变化(包括生长素极性运输、DNA甲基化和代谢途径调控)、体细胞胚生物反应器培养的研究现状进行了评述。  相似文献   

12.
During the development of the globular embryos via heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary embryos into plantlets, contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b and carotenoids, and activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC, EC 4.1.1.39) were investigated. In the solid cultivation (SC) the contents of Chl a, Chl b, Chl a/b, and total pigments increased up to plantlet stage. In the liquid cultivation (LC), contents of Chl a, Chl b, and total pigments increased till the torpedo-shaped stage, but decreased with the further development up to plantlets stage. During SC, RuBPC activity increased up to the torpedo-shaped embryo stage, but in the LC RuPBC activity increased continuously with the progress in the developmental stages. The correlations between Chl a and RuBPC activity on the SC and LC were negative, r = −0.26 and −0.56, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
刺五加传粉生物学研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
本文报道刺五加Eleutherococcus seticosus(Rupr.et Maxim.)Maxim的花朵酬物、访花者类别、访花者在花序上的访花行为、访花频率及传粉效果。主要结果如下:(1)每朵雄花可提供的报偿是58 000~81 000粒花粉,5.5~8.0 µl/d×2~4d花蜜。每朵雌花仅可提供4.0~8.0µl/d× 2~3 d花蜜,不能提供花粉。每朵两性花可提供19 000~54 000粒花粉和7.0~10.0 µl/d× 2~6 d花蜜。(2)花粉提供者(雄花和两性花)提供报偿的日期是开花后1~3天,花粉接受者(雌花和两性花在柱头外翻变白时)是开花后5~7或7~9天,这进一步证实了剌五加雄蕊先熟。另外,花粉提供者提供花蜜的时间在一天中是8:30至15:30,其高峰是9:00~15:00;花粉接受者提供花蜜的时间在一天中是10:30至16:30,其高峰是11:00~16:00。这种时间差异可能是刺五加影响传粉者流向(从花粉提供者到花粉接受者)的关键因素。(3)在刺五加花朵上记录到的访花昆虫有50余种,分别隶属于膜翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和半翅目。在不同天气、不同生境、不同性别的植株记录到的访花频率及高峰时间不同:花粉提供者的访花高峰早于花粉接受者的;雄株上的访花频率高于雌株的;两性株接受花粉时的访花频率高于提供花粉时的;而天气越晴朗,刺五加地块(patch)越大,则访花频率越高;每日接受光照越早,访花高峰越早。(4)从传粉效果看,刺五加种子的形成完全依赖于传粉昆虫的活动。其中,蜂类,如熊蜂、花蜂、切叶蜂、胡蜂和蜜蜂等是最有效的传粉者,其它昆虫如粉蝶、食蚜蝇、寄蝇和鳃角金龟等对传粉也有帮助。  相似文献   

14.
    
This paper reports floral rewards, flower visitors, foraging behavior and visitationrate of flower visitors on inflorescences, and the pollination effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim. ) Maxim. The main results are as follows: (1) A male flower can provide 58 000~81 000 pollen grains and 5.5~8.0 μ1/d × 2~3 d of nectar, while a femaleflower can provide 4.0~8.0μl/d × 2~3 d of nectar but no pollen grains. A hermaphroditeflower can provide 19 000~54 000 pollen grains and 7.0~10.0μl/d × 2~6 d of nectar;when it is at male phase, it can provide pollen as well as nectar, but when it is at femalephase, it can only provide nectar. (2) The male and hermaphrodite flowers, if they providepollen grains, are pollen donors. The female and hermaphrodite flowers with white and openstigmas are pollen recipients. The rewarding phase of pollen donor lasts 1~3 days after anthesis and that of pollen recipient is between 5~7 or 7~9 days after anthesis. This may confirm that E. senticosus is protandrous. In addition, the nectar-rewarding period of pollendonors is from 8:30 to 16:00, and its peak is at 9:00~15:00; while that of pollen recipients is from 10:30 to 16:30, with its peak from 11:00 to 16:00. It is suggested that the difference between the two nectar-rewarding peaks be the key factor which affects the pollinators' visiting direction from pollen donors to pollen recipients. (3) More than 50 species of visiting insects were observed. Visitors most frequently seen are arranged in Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera-Heteroptera in order. Their visitation rateand visitation peak are influenced by different plants of different sexes, in different habitatsand under different weather conditions. Generally, the peak of visitation to pollen donors isearlier than that to pollen recipients; the rate of visitation to male patch is higher than that tofemale patch. In the case of hermaphrodite patch, the visitation rate is higher when receivingpollen than when supplying. In addition, the brighter the sky is or the larger the E. senticosus patch is, the higher the visitation rate and peak are; the earlier the plant patch is shonein a day, the earlier the visiting peak comes. (4) From the pollination effect, we may conclude that the seed set of E. senticosus totally depends on pollinators'visitation. And beessuch as Bumbus, Halictus, Megachile, Vespa, Apis are the most efficient pollinators,while other insects, including Pieridae, Syrphidae, Tachinidae, Melolonthidae and so on,are also helpful for the pollination success.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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Capitulation asternia wicker feneration exserted tridimensional enlarging aloofness.  相似文献   

15.
采用改良的异硫氰酸胍法提取刺五加总RNA,逆转录为cDNA,根据已报道的人参鲨烯合酶基因(squalene synthase gene,SS) cDNA序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR法克隆刺五加SS基因的cDNA序列.克隆得到长度为1258 bp的刺五加SS基因cDNA序列,开放阅读框全长1248 bp,编码415个氨基酸残基,GenBank登录号为HQ456918,与人参的SS1、SS2和SS3氨基酸序列一致性分别为91.73%、97.59%和96.63%.首次分离并报道了刺五加SS基因cDNA序列,为刺五加苷生物合成中关键酶的表达分析及调控机理研究提供参考.  相似文献   

16.
利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜对刺五加雌花蜜腺结构进行了观察,结果表明:(1)刺五加雌花蜜腺为花盘蜜腺,由表皮和泌蜜组织构成;(2)蜜腺表面几乎均匀地分布着大量变态的气孔,蜜汁从气孔泌出;(3)蜜腺发育过程中有淀粉粒的积累和水解过程,液泡也伴随规律性变化;(4)蜜腺分泌方式为渗透型,或者以渗透型为主胞吐型为辅的分泌方式;(5)金胺O染色说明蜜腺表面具有角质层,可观察到微通道从中穿过,可能是蜜汁向外界分泌的通道之一.  相似文献   

17.
    
As a traditional wild vegetable and food raw material, the leaves of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus are rich in 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenes, including chiisanoside (CSS), divaroside (DVS), sessiloside-A (SSA), and chiisanogenin (CSG). This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-arrhythmic effects of these 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenes. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of compounds was performed by measuring cell viability and apoptosis with the CCK-8 assay. In vivo, arrhythmia was induced by rapid injection of BaCl2 via rat caudal vein. The occurrence time and duration of arrhythmias in rats were studied. The levels of SOD and MDA in serum, and Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in myocardial homogenate were detected by ELISA. The histopathological changes of rats myocardial were observed by HE staining. Changes in the expression of PKA and related proteins were detected by Western blot. The 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenes interactions with protein kinase A were analyzed by molecular docking. In the present study, we found that 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenes exhibited powerful anti-arrhythmic activity, especially DVS completely relieved the ventricular arrhythmia induced by BaCl2. This study suggests that the leaves of E. senticosus and E. sessiliflorus might be used as functional food materials to prevent arrhythmia, and DVS can potentially be further developed as an anti-arrhythmic drug.  相似文献   

18.
刘林德  张萍  孙京田  祝宁 《植物研究》2000,20(3):300-303
用扫描电子显微镜观察了刺五加和无梗五加花粉的亚显微形态特征。花粉粒的赤道面观呈近圆形,极面观呈三裂圆形,具三孔沟。无梗五加、刺五加雄株的花粉表面纹饰为网状;刺五加两性株的花粉的表面纹饰亦呈网状,但有些花粉网脊不连续。无梗五加的花粉粒大小为26.5μm×27.4μm;刺五加雄株的花粉粒大小为21.1μm×22.1μm;刺五加两性株的花粉粒大小约为21.6μm×23.9μm。研究结果表明,无梗五加和刺五加雄株花粉的亚显微形态特征支持传统的属级和种级水平的分类;刺五加两性株某些花粉粒亚显微形态的独特表现可能与其发育不正常有关。  相似文献   

19.
    
The development status of gynoecia in Eleutherococcus senticosus flowers is different from that in ordinary plants. Female gametophytes of E. senticosus have not become mature until the 6th day after anthesis. On the 6th day, 82.25% of embryo sacs in femaleplants, and 67.25% of those in hermaphroditic plants become mature, while the rest aresterile, immature or degenerated with no fertilized embryo sacs observed. At the same time,all embryo sacs degenerated and flowers withered in male plants. On the 7th day, a few embryo sacs in female and hermaphroditic plants start being fertilized. Accompanying the differentiation of embryo sacs, styles of female and hermaphroditic flowers start to expand andtheir nectaries become mature gradually. After the 4th or 6th day of anthesis, stigmaticpapillae become conspicious and stigmata become white and open. In the meantime, the stigmata become receptive and the nectaries get active or reactive. By the 9th or 10th day, 40~65 % of embryo sacs in female plants and 25~41% of those in hermaphroditic plants havebeen fertilized. The whole process of fertilization in E. senticosus was observed. About 2 or3 days after pollination, the two sperm nuclei start to fuse with the egg and the secondarynucleus. The fertilization of E. senticosus belongs to the premitotic type of syngamy. Theessential process of the fusion of male and female nuclei during syngamy may be generalizedas follows: (1) the contacting of male nucleus with the female one; (2) the fusion of nuclearmembranes between the male and female nuclei; (3) the despiralization of male spireme andthe appearance of male nucleolus inside the fertilized female nucleus; (4) the dispersion ofmale chromatin and the mergence with the female chromatin, which is the sign of completionof the fusion of the two nuclei. In addition, degeneration types of mature embryo sacs wereobserved. And typical polyspermy and a series of cases in which extra sperms enter the em-bryo sac are recorded.  相似文献   

20.
刺五加(Eleutherococcus sentincosus)会成为濒危种吗?   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
刺五加是阔叶红松林及其次生林下的重要灌木。因其优良的药用功能和疗效,自70年代末进行工业生产以来,资源消耗与日俱增,1992年出版的《中国植物红皮书———稀有濒危植物》中,被列为渐危植物。本文通过野外调查、长期定位观测和实验生态学的试验,对影响刺五加种群持续和发展的内外因素进行了研究。认为造成刺五加种群迅速缩小的主要外因是不合理采挖。刺五加结实的植丛少,种子产量低、质量差、传播动力弱,并具有先天性休眠及自毒现象等一系列种群过程,是制约刺五加种群持续和扩展的内在因素。无性繁殖是维持现有种群的主要途径。长期无性繁殖可能导致遗传多样性下降,从而减弱了它对多变环境的抗逆性,若在外因的作用下可能使种群进一步缩小,进而增加其濒危的程度。  相似文献   

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