钙对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内多胺及多胺氧化酶的影响

以‘中农8号’黄瓜品种为实验材料,采用营养液栽培法研究了钙对根际低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内多胺(PAs)含量及多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性的影响。结果表明:(1)各处理黄瓜幼苗根系和叶片中的PAs含量以及3种形态的腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)含量均表现为低氧高钙(8 mmol.L-1Ca2 )>低氧常钙(2 mmol.L-1Ca2 )>低氧缺钙(0 mmol.L-1Ca2 )>通气常钙(2 mmol.L-1Ca2 )处理,而PAO活性却表现出相反的趋势(通气常钙>低氧缺钙>低氧常钙>低氧高钙),且处理间大多存在显著差异(P<0.05);根系中的PAs含量明显高于叶片,而PAO活性明显低于叶片。(2)黄瓜幼苗体内3种形态的PAs以游离态含量最高,其次是结合态,最低为束缚态;游离态和结合态PAs在叶片中均以Spd为主,在根系中均以Put为主,束缚态PAs含量在根系和叶片中均为Spd>Put>Spm。研究表明,在低氧胁迫下,营养液加钙引起黄瓜幼苗体内多胺含量的上升和PAO活性下降,钙参与了黄瓜幼苗体内多胺的代谢过程,对缓解低氧胁迫有重要作用。     

γ-氨基丁酸对低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗多胺代谢的影响

以‘西域一号’甜瓜为试验材料,采用营养液水培法,研究了低氧胁迫下外源添加γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对甜瓜幼苗多胺代谢的影响.结果表明:与通气对照相比,低氧胁迫处理的甜瓜幼苗谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)活性和GABA含量显著提高,同时多胺合成酶活性提高诱导多胺含量显著增加,但二胺氧化酶(DAO)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性也显著提高;根系精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)活性提高幅度较大,导致根系游离态腐胺含量较高,而叶片乌氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶(SAMDC)活性提高幅度较大,导致叶片游离态亚精胺(Spd)含量较高;根系游离态DAO和PAO活性显著低于叶片,其细胞壁结合态PAO活性显著高于叶片.与低氧胁迫处理相比,低氧胁迫下外源添加GABA处理的甜瓜幼苗叶片和根系中GABA和谷氨酸含量均显著提高,而GAD活性显著降低;精氨酸、鸟氨酸、甲硫氨酸含量的提高促使多胺合成酶活性显著提高,从而诱导多胺含量显著增加,DAO和PAO活性显著降低.     

γ-氨基丁酸对低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗多胺代谢的影响

以‘西域一号’甜瓜为试验材料,采用营养液水培法,研究了低氧胁迫下外源添加γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对甜瓜幼苗多胺代谢的影响.结果表明：与通气对照相比,低氧胁迫处理的甜瓜幼苗谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)活性和GABA含量显著提高,同时多胺合成酶活性提高诱导多胺含量显著增加,但二胺氧化酶(DAO)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性也显著提高;根系精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)活性提高幅度较大,导致根系游离态腐胺含量较高,而叶片鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶(SAMDC)活性提高幅度较大,导致叶片游离态亚精胺(Spd)含量较高;根系游离态DAO和PAO活性显著低于叶片,其细胞壁结合态PAO活性显著高于叶片.与低氧胁迫处理相比,低氧胁迫下外源添加GABA处理的甜瓜幼苗叶片和根系中GABA和谷氨酸含量均显著提高,而GAD活性显著降低;精氨酸、鸟氨酸、甲硫氨酸含量的提高促使多胺合成酶活性显著提高,从而诱导多胺含量显著增加,DAO和PAO活性显著降低.     

NaCl胁迫对茄子嫁接苗根系多胺代谢的影响

采用高压液相色谱法对80 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下营养液栽培茄子嫁接苗和自根苗根系多胺代谢的差异进行了研究。结果表明,胁迫2 d时,嫁接苗根系游离态亚精胺和结合态多胺含量显著高于自根苗,游离态腐胺和束缚态多胺显著低于自根苗,游离态精胺含量两者无显著差异。胁迫10 d时,自根苗3种形态的多胺含量均下降,显著低于对照植株,而嫁接苗根系游离态精胺、结合态腐胺和束缚态多胺含量显著高于对照植株。研究结果表明,NaCl胁迫显著提高了茄子嫁接苗和自根苗根系多胺氧化酶的活性,且自根苗增加幅度显著高于嫁接苗;嫁接苗胁迫初期根系结合态多胺的迅速积累及胁迫后期保持较高的精胺含量有利于其耐盐性的提高。     

盐胁迫下大麦根系多胺代谢与其耐盐性的关系

研究了0～300mmol/LNaCl对大麦(Hordeum-vulgare-L.)幼苗生长速率、根系游离和结合态多胺含量以及多胺生物合成关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,在0～200mmol/L NaCl处理下精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）、多胺氧化酶(PAO)以及转谷酰胺酶(Tgase)活性明显提高,而在300 mmol/L NaCl处理下活性下降。与之对应,游离腐胺（Put）含量随处理盐浓度的提高一直呈上升趋势,亚精胺(Spd)和在根系内检测到的未知多胺(Pax)在低浓度盐处理时含量上升,随盐浓度的提高含量下降。盐处理前后精胺(Spm)含量变化不明显。低浓度盐处理时游离态（Spd+Pax）/Put上升,随盐浓度的提高比值明显下降。结合态Put、Spd和Pax含量以及结合态多胺总量均在低浓度盐处理时上升,随盐浓度的提高含量明显下降。统计分析显示,大麦相对生长速率与游离态（Spd+Pax）/Put和结合态多胺含量间均呈极显著正相关关系,与游离态多胺和结合态多胺的比值间均呈显著负相关关系,上述结果说明盐胁迫下大麦体内游离态Spd、Pax与Put以及结合态形式之间的平衡与大麦耐盐性关系密切,游离态Put向Spd 、Pax以及结合态形式转化均有利于大麦耐盐性的提高.     

盐胁迫下大麦根系多胺代谢与其耐盐性的关系

研究了0－300mmol/L NaCl对大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.)幼苗生长速率,根系游离和结合态多胺含量以及多胺生物合成关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,在0－200mmol/L NaCl处理下精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）、多胺氧化酶（PAO）以及转谷酰胺酶（TGase)活性明显提高,而在300mol/L NaCl处理下活性下降,与之对应,游离腐胺（Put)含量随处理盐浓度的提高一直呈上升趋势。亚精胺（Spd)和在根系内检测到的未知多胺（PAx）在低浓度盐处理时含量上升,随盐浓度的提高含量下降,盐处理前后精胺（Spm)含量变化不明显,低浓度盐处理时游离态（Spd PAx)/Put上升,随盐浓度的提高比值明显下降,结合态Put,Spd和PAx含量以及结合态多胺总量均在低浓度盐处理时上升,随盐浓度的提高含量明显下降,统计分析显示,大麦相对生长速率与游离态（Spd PAx）／Put和结合态多胺含量间均呈极显著正相关关系,与游离态多胺和结合态多胺的比值间均呈显著负相关关系,上述结果说明盐胁迫下大麦体内游离态Spd,PAx与Put以及结合态形式之间的平衡与大麦耐盐性关系密切,游离态Put向Spd,PAx以及结合态形式转化均有利于大麦耐盐性的提高。     

嫁接对铜胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系多胺代谢的影响

采用营养液栽培法,研究了嫁接(以黑籽南瓜为砧木)对铜胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系活力及多胺代谢的影响.结果表明:铜胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系活力下降,电解质渗漏率升高,而嫁接苗的变化幅度显著小于黄瓜自根苗;铜胁迫下黄瓜嫁接植株根系中除游离态腐胺(Put)含量显著低于自根苗外,结合态和束缚态Put、3种形态亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量均显著高于自根苗,嫁接苗根系中游离态Put含量及腐胺/多胺(Put/PAs)显著低于自根苗;铜胁迫下,嫁接苗根系精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)和S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶(SAMDC)活性高于自根苗,而二胺氧化酶(DAO)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性显著低于自根苗.表明嫁接黄瓜幼苗根系PAs的合成增加,降解减少,使PAs含量维持在较高水平,从而提高了黄瓜幼苗抗铜胁迫能力.     

聚乙二醇胁迫下的番茄幼苗内ABA、JA和多胺含量以及多胺氧化酶活性的变化

聚乙二醇模拟的干旱胁迫下,2个品种番茄幼苗根和叶中脱落酸(ABA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量均迅速积累,叶中ABA累积比根中滞后;游离态亚精胺(fSpd)、精胺(fspm)、腐胺(fPut)含量和多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性均先上升,12 h时达到峰值后下降,耐旱性强的品种'毛粉802'幼苗根和叶中积累ABA、JA和spd、Spm的能力明显强于耐旱性弱的品种'皇冠'.'皇冠'的PAO活性提高程度大于'毛粉802'.番茄根和叶中多胺含量和PAO活性呈显著正相关.内源多胺的积累诱导ABA和JA含量的升高,从而导致番茄幼苗的耐旱性增强.     

盐胁迫对不同耐盐性枣树品种根系和叶片中多胺含量及多胺氧化酶活性的影响

为探讨枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)树中多胺及多胺氧化酶活性与其耐盐性的关系,对耐盐性强的‘金丝小枣’和耐盐性弱的‘冬枣’2 年生苗中不同状态和种类的多胺和多胺氧化酶活性进行了研究.结果表明,在120 mmol L^-1 NaCl 盐胁迫下,枣树根系和叶片中的多胺含量升高,耐盐性强的品种的上升幅度显著大于耐盐性弱的品种;随着盐胁迫时间的延长,根系和叶片中多胺含量逐渐降低,耐盐性弱的品种的降低幅度显著大于耐盐性强的品种,叶中的多胺含量的降低幅度大于根中的,结合态多胺的降低幅度大于游离态多胺的、精胺和亚精胺的降低幅度大于腐胺的;两个品种根系和叶片中多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性均明显高于二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性,盐胁迫下耐盐性弱的品种酶活性增强幅度显著大于耐盐性强的品种.这些说明,枣树品种的耐盐性与其内源多胺的组成、含量有关,多胺氧化酶的种类与活性对盐胁迫的响应也密切相关,多胺积累有利于提高枣树品种的耐盐性.     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下毕氏海蓬子体内多胺含量的影响

用含不同浓度(0、100、200、300、400和500 mmol·L 1)NaCl的Hoagland营养液及叶面喷施0.1 mmol·L-1外源亚精胺(Spd)处理毕氏海蓬子幼苗,研究外源Spd对NaCl胁迫下海蓬子体内游离态、结合态和束缚态3种形态多胺含量的影响,分析内源多胺含量的变化与植物耐盐性的关系.结果表明:(1)随盐胁迫浓度的升高,海蓬子幼苗叶片中3种形态腐胺(Put)含量均先降后升;同期的游离态Spd含量持续上升,结合态和束缚态Spd含量均先升后降;同期的游离和结合态精胺(Spm)含量均先升后降,而其束缚态Spm含量呈上升趋势;游离态和束缚态多胺(PAs)总量变化随盐浓度升高均呈上升趋势,而结合态PAs总量先升后降.(2)3种形态(Spd+ Spm) /Put比值均先升后降,而3种形态Put/PAs比值则均呈先降后升的相反趋势.(3)外源Spd处理提高了海蓬子幼苗叶片中结合态和束缚态PAs总量,也提高了游离态和束缚态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值.研究发现,外源Spd参与了NaCl胁迫下海蓬子内源PAs代谢的调节,可能通过促进盐胁迫植株中Put向Spd和Spm的转化,以及游离态多胺向结合态和束缚态多胺的转化来增强海蓬子耐盐性.     

盐适应过程中香根草内源游离态、结合态、束缚态多胺含量的变化

研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,香根草（Vetiteria zizanioides）根、叶中的游离态、结合态、束缚态多胺（PAs）[包括腐胺（Put）,尸胺（Cad）,亚精胺（Sod）和精胺（Spm）]含量的变化。在中度盐胁迫（100,200mmol L^-1NaCl）9天时,香根草基本能够正常生长,但在重度盐胁迫（300mmol L^-1NaCl）下,其生长受到严重抑制。在上述3个不同浓度的NaCl胁迫下,香根草根、叶中游离态Put,Cad,spd,Stma和总的游离态PAs含量明显下降,在高盐浓度下下降幅更大;结合态Put,Cad,Sod,Spm和总的结合态PAs含量显著上升,但在重度盐胁迫下升幅较小或与对照相当;束缚态Put,Cad和总的束缚态PAs含量均减少,而束缚态Spd和Spm含量在叶中是下降的,在根中则增加,且在中度盐胁迫下更明显。对根和叶片而言,除游离态（Spd＋Spm）,Put比值在重度盐胁迫下较对照显著下降外,其它游离态、结合态、束缚态和总的（Spd＋Spm）／Put比值在不同盐胁迫下均上升,在中度盐胁迫下更明显。这表明,维持多胺总量的稳态和较高的（Spd＋Spm）／Put比值是香根草适应中度盐胁迫的一个重要机制。     

枣品种耐盐性与叶片生物膜结合态多胺水平和H~＋-ATP酶活性的关系

120mmol·L^-1NaCl胁迫30d,耐盐性强的‘金丝小枣’叶片细胞质膜、液泡膜共价结合态腐胺（Put）、亚精胺（Spd）、精胺（Spm）含量及多胺（PAs）总水平与对照无显著性差异,但耐盐性弱的‘冬枣’叶片质膜共价结合态Put、Spd、Spm含量和PAs总水平及液泡膜Spd含量均显著降低;‘金丝小枣’叶片类囊体膜共价结合态Put含量、PAs总水平较对照显著降低,‘冬枣’则是Put、Spd、Spm含量及PAs总水平均显著降低。盐胁迫下,‘金丝小枣’叶片细胞质膜、液泡膜、类囊体膜非共价结合态Put、Spd、Spm含量及PAs总水平下降,但其中仅类囊体膜Spd含量显著低于对照,而‘冬枣’的3种膜上非共价结合态的这些多胺及其总水平均显著低于对照。与对照相比,盐胁迫下耐盐性不同的2个枣品种,叶片细胞质膜、液泡膜和类囊体膜H＋-ATP酶活性均降低,但降低幅度因枣品种和生物膜种类不同而异,且H＋-ATP酶活性与相应膜结合态多胺水平存在极紧密的正相关关系。结果表明,膜结合态多胺参与枣品种耐盐性的表达,调节盐胁迫下枣叶细胞中溶质的跨膜运输。     

NaCl胁迫对菜用大豆种子多胺代谢的影响

采用蛭石栽培,在100 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,对耐盐性不同的两个品种菜用大豆种子的丙二醛(MDA)含量和多胺(PAs)代谢进行了研究.结果表明:NaCl胁迫显著增加了菜用大豆种子的MDA含量,但耐盐品种‘绿领特早’(LL)的增幅低于盐敏感品种‘理想高产95-1’(LX).与LX相比,LL种子在整个NaCl胁迫期间均维持了相对较高的游离态精胺(Spm)、结合态Spm、结合态亚精胺(Spd)、束缚态Spd和束缚态腐胺(Put)含量,较高的(Spd +Spm )/Put 和(cPAs+bPAs)/fPAs值及较低的Put/PAs值,在胁迫中、后期(9～15 d)维持了相对较高的游离态Spd含量;胁迫期间,LL的精胺酸脱羧酶(ADC)长时期(6～15 d)保持相对较高的活性,而多胺氧化酶(PAO)则长时期(6～15 d)维持相对较低的活性.综上,LL具有较强的多胺合成能力及较强的Put向Spd和Spm以及游离态多胺向结合态和束缚态多胺转化的能力,进而有效抑制了细胞的膜脂过氧化,这可能是其耐盐性较强的重要原因之一.     

Nitric oxide enhances salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings by regulating free polyamine content

Nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous signaling molecule in plants and animals, mediates responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. This study was conducted in nutrient solution to investigate the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, on plant growth and free polyamine content in cucumber leaves and roots under NaCl stress. The results showed that 100 μM SNP in solution significantly improved the growth of cucumber seedlings under NaCl stress for 8 days, as indicated by increased, plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight and increased dry matter accumulation. Further analysis demonstrated that the content of free polyamines and the activity of polyamine oxidase (PAO) in cucumber seedling leaves and roots initially increased dramatically under NaCl stress, although they decreased over a longer period of stress. Throughout the treatment period, the value of (spermine + spermidine)/putrescine [(Spd + Spm)/Put] also decreased under NaCl stress compared to the control. In contrast, the application of 100 μM SNP in the nutrient solution decreased the content of free Put, Spd, total free polyamines and PAO activity under NaCl stress. It also caused an increase in the content of Spm and the value of (Spd + Spm)/Put, adjusted the ratio of three kinds of free polyamines (Put, Spd, Spm) in cucumber seedlings. The high (Spd + Spm)/Put value and the accumulation of Spm were beneficial to improving the salt tolerance of plants. Therefore, NO alleviated the damage to cucumber seedlings caused by salt stress. NO enhanced the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to NaCl stress by regulating the content and proportions of the different types of free polyamines.     

Effect of exogenous spermidine on polyamine metabolism in water hyacinth leaves under mercury stress

The influence of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), polyamine oxidase (PAO) activities and polyamines (PAs), proline contents in water hyacinth leaves under Mercury (Hg) stress was investigated after 6 days treatment. The results showed that free putrescine (Put) content increased, the contents of free spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) and the (Spd + Spm)/Put ratio in water hyacinth leaves decreased significantly with the increase of the Hg concentrations. Hg stress also disturbed the activities of ADC, ODC and PAO and caused changes on proline content. Compared to the Hg-treatment only, exogenous Spd (0.1 mM) significantly reduced the accumulation of free Put, increased the contents of free Spd and Spm and the ratio of (Spd + Spm)/Put in water hyacinth leaves. Furthermore, exogenous Spd enhanced the activities of ADC, ODC and PAO and significantly increased proline content. The PS-conjugated PAs and PIS-bound PAs changed in the same trend as free PAs. These results suggest that exogenous Spd can alleviate the metabolic disturbance of polyamines caused by Hg in water hyacinth leaves.     

氯化钠胁迫对嫁接黄瓜叶片多胺含量的影响

以日本耐盐品种‘帝王新土佐’南瓜为砧木,以’新泰密刺’黄瓜为接穗,在100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下,对黄瓜嫁接和自根植株不同时期叶片中不同形态多胺含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明：NaCl胁迫下黄瓜嫁接植株游离态腐胺（Put）含量在胁迫2 d时与自根植株无显著差异,其余时间均显著高于自根植株;游离态亚精胺（Spd）和游离态精胺（Spm）含量在整个胁迫期间均显著高于自根植株;游离态多胺总量（PAs）在胁迫第4天出现峰值;嫁接植株游离态Put/PAs值在胁迫4 d时与自根植株无显著差异,其余胁迫时间均显著低于自根植株,而(Spd+Spm)/Put值在整个胁迫期间均显著高于自根植株;嫁接植株结合态和束缚态Put、Spd和Spm含量在整个胁迫期间均显著高于自根植株,结合态和束缚态PAs在胁迫第6天出现峰值;结合态多胺的Put/PAs值和(Spd+Spm)/Put值变化趋势与游离态多胺一致;嫁接植株束缚态Put/PAs值在胁迫6 d时与自根植株无显著差异,其余时间均显著低于自根植株,而(Spd+Spm)/Put值在整个胁迫期间均显著高于自根植株.表明黄瓜嫁接植株表现出较强的耐盐特征.     

Effect of root-applied spermidine on growth and respiratory metabolism in roots of cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis>) seedlings under hypoxia

The effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) application to hypoxic nutrient solution on the contents of endogenous polyamines (PAs) and respiratory metabolism in the roots of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were investigated. Cucumber seedlings were grown hydroponically in control and hypoxic nutrient solutions with and without addition of Spd at a concentration of 0.05 mM. The activities of key enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC), such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), were significantly inhibited under root-zone hypoxia with dissolved oxygen (DO) at 1 mg/l. In contrast, the activities of enzymes involved in the process of fermentation, such as pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT), were significantly increased. Thus, aerobic respiration was inhibited and fermentation was enhanced in the roots of cucumber seedlings as a result of decreasing ATP content to inhibit the dry weight of seedlings under hypoxic stress. Moreover, the contents of free, soluble conjugated, and insoluble bound putrescine (Put), Spd, and spermine (Spm) in the roots of cucumber seedlings were significantly increased under hypoxia stress. Interestingly, application of Spd to hypoxic roots markedly suppressed the accumulation of free Put and, in contrast, promoted an increase in free Spd and Spm, as well as soluble conjugated and insoluble bound Put, Spd, and Spm contents. From these data, we deduced that exogenous Spd promotes the conversion of free Put into free Spd and Spm, and soluble conjugated and insoluble bound PAs under hypoxia stress. Furthermore, the activities of LDH, PDC, and ADH were suppressed and, in contrast, the activities of SDH and IDH were enhanced by application of exogenous Spd to hypoxic roots. As a result, aerobic respiration was enhanced but fermentation metabolism was inhibited in the roots of cucumber seedlings, leading to an increase in ATP content to alleviate the inhibited dry weight of seedlings due to hypoxia stress. These results suggest that application of Spd to hypoxic nutrient solution promoted conversion of free Put into free Spd and Spm as well as soluble conjugated and insoluble bound PAs, further enhanced IDH and SDH activities, and inhibited ethanol fermentation and lactate fermentation, resulting in increased ATP content and eventually enhanced tolerance of cucumber plants to root-zone hypoxia.     

Physiological and biochemical responses induced by lead stress in Spirodela polyrhiza

The effects of increasing lead concentration on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxides (POD) and catalase (CAT), levels of ascorbate (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), Pb accumulation and its influence on nutrient elements, polyamines (PAs) content, as well as activities of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), were investigated in Spirodela polyrhiza. POD and CAT activities increased progressively followed by a decline, while SOD activity gradually fell. The effect of Pb application on AsA content was similar to that seen for POD and CAT activities. GSH content initially rose but then declined. A significant enhancement in Pb accumulation was observed, except in the 25?μM Pb treatments. Nutrient elements were also affected. Moreover, Pb stress induced a considerable decrease in total spermidine (Spd), while the levels of total putrescine (Put) and spermine (Spm) initially increased at 25?μM Pb but then declined. Free and perchloric acid soluble conjugated (PS-conjugated) PAs contents changed in a similar way to total PAs. In addition, Pb stress induced a continuous accumulation of perchloric acid insoluble bound (PIS-bound) Spm and an initial accumulation of PIS-bound Put and Spd. The ratio of free (Spd?+?Spm)/Put significantly declined whereas the ratio of total (Spd?+?Spm)/Put rose at low Pb concentrations (25 and 50?μM). PAO activity rose gradually with an increase in Pb concentration, reaching peak values at 100?μM, while ODC activity first increased at 25?μM Pb and then declined. The results indicated that the tolerance of S. polyrhiza to Pb stress was enhanced by activating the antioxidant system, preventing the entry of the Pb ion and altering the content of polyamines.     

外源多胺对铜胁迫下水鳖叶片多胺代谢、抗氧化系统和矿质营养元素的影响

采用营养液水培的方法,研究了外源亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)对Cu胁迫下水鳖叶片3种形态多胺(PAs)、抗氧化系统及营养元素的影响。结果表明:(1)Cu胁迫使水鳖叶片腐胺(Put)急剧积累,Spd和Spm明显下降,从而使(Spd+Spm)/Put比值也随之下降。外源Spd和Spm显著或极显著逆转Cu诱导的PAs变化,抑制Put的积累,缓解Spd和Spm的下降,从而提高了(Spd+Spm)/Put比值。(2)外源Spd和Spm抑制了Cu胁迫诱导的多胺氧化酶(PAO)的增加,缓解了二胺氧化酶(DAO)的下降。(3)与单一Cu胁迫相比,Spd和Spm显著或极显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量,从而降低了超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量,极显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,缓解了Cu诱导的氧化胁迫。(4)外源Spd和Spm显著或极显著缓解了Cu胁迫下矿质营养元素吸收平衡的紊乱。以上结果均说明了外施Spd和Spm可增加水鳖对Cu胁迫的耐受性。