陕西宁陕县两栖爬行动物的物种多样性

2006年3-9月,对陕西省宁陕县境内的两栖爬行动物进行了专项调查,结果表明,宁陕县共有两栖爬行动物44种（亚种）,隶属5目14科31属,其中两栖纲2目7科8属13种,爬行动物3目7科23属31种。其动物区系组成以东洋界成分占优势,分布有国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物1种,陕西省重点保护野生动物6种,宁陕县特有种2种。对两栖爬行动物资源现状进行了评价,并提出了保护建议。     

四川甘洛马鞍山自然保护区两栖爬行动物初步调查

2008年7～8月,采用样线法对四川甘洛县马鞍山自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了初步调查,共调查到该保护区两栖爬行类动物15种.其中,两栖动物10种,隶属于2目6科,均属我国特有种,并且古老物种的比例较高,占所调查到的两栖动物总种数的40.0%;爬行动物5种,隶属于1目3科,其中3种为我国特有种.此区所产两栖爬行动物均属东洋界物种.其中大凉疣螈为国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物,其他种类均属国家"三有"动物.     

安徽沱湖自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

2005年对安徽五河县沱湖自然保护区两栖爬行动物进行了调查。结果表明:沱湖自然保护区共发现两栖爬行动物17种。其中两栖纲7种,隶属1目3科4属;爬行纲10种,隶属2目7科8属;其区系组成为东洋界3种,古北界6种,广布种8种。动物区系呈现古北界特征。结合调查情况对加强该区两栖爬行类动物资源保护和合理利用提出建议。     

广西百东河自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

2004年4月～2006年6月对广西百东河自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源进行了调查,结果表明:百东河自然保护区现已记录51种两栖爬行动物,其中两栖类1目5科8属17种;爬行类2目11科25属34种。对保护区两栖爬行动物区系及资源现状进行了评价。     

湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

2002年6～9月对湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区的两栖、爬行动物资源进行了调查,结合文献资料,该保护区现已知有两栖、爬行动物80种,其中两栖动物38种,隶属2目9科22属;爬行动物42种,隶属2目11科31属.国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物大鲵Andrias davidianus、虎纹蛙Hoplobatrachus rugulosus 2种;湖北省重点保护动物35种,占湖北省重点保护两栖爬行动物的75%.被列入<中国濒危动物红皮书>的两栖、爬行动物有21种(极危物种1种,濒危物种6种,易危物种11种,依赖保护物种1种,需予关注物种2种).对两栖爬行动物的种类组成和区系进行了分析,并提出了保护措施.     

安徽省两栖爬行动物名录修订

参考两栖爬行动物分类学和分子系统学的最新研究成果, 收集了近年来安徽省两栖爬行类相关的研究资料, 整理成安徽省两栖爬行类物种与分布名录。截止到2018年11月30日, 安徽省共记录两栖动物2目9科26属44种, 其中安徽特有种3种; 爬行动物3目11科48属72种, 其中安徽特有种1种。与《安徽两栖爬行动物志》(1991)相比, 共增加了12种, 删除1个物种, 更改了29个物种的名称。区系分析表明, 东洋界种类91种(78.4%), 古北界种类10种(8.7%), 广布型15种(12.9%)。列入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》的有4种, 列入《中国脊椎动物红色名录》的有112种。     

四川资阳市两栖爬行动物资源调查初报

1996~2007年对四川省资阳市的两栖爬行动物资源进行了初步调查,发现两栖类7种,其中有尾目1种,无尾目6种;爬行类18种,其中龟鳖目2种,有鳞目蜥蜴亚目5种、蛇亚目11种,其中包括新记录1科3属5种。建议加强对该市两栖爬行动物物种多样性及其生境的保护,合理利用两栖爬行动物资源。     

重庆开县两栖爬行动物物种多样性及其保护

1999～2002年对开县的两栖爬行动物资源进行了大规模调查,初步发现有两栖类17种,其中有尾目2种。无尾目15种;爬行类23种,其中龟鳖目2种,有鳞目蜥蜴亚目8种、蛇亚目13种(含重庆市蛇类新记录1属1种)。建议加强对该县两栖爬行动物物种多样性及其生境的保护,合理利用两栖爬行动物资源。     

九顶山两栖爬行类动物资源及保护

１９９７．４～１９９８．６在德阳市九顶山区对两栖爬行类运行进行了调查,基本查清了该区两栖爬行类动物的种类,分布及栖息环境,并对加强该区两栖爬行类动物资源保护和合理利用提出了建议。该区有两栖类动物１８种,隶２日６科１０属,爬行类动物１８种,隶１日７科１５属。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

History of the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus

This essay documents and examines the historical circumstances and events surrounding the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus in Cuba. Close scrutiny of the articles published by Walter Reed and his colleagues in 1900, 1901 and 1902 reveals their limitations as historic documents. Fortunately, other sources of information from that period survive in letters and documents written by individuals involved in the quest for the mode of transmission. Examination and comparison of those sources of information unveiled a fascinating story which reveals that misunderstandings engendered by published articles accorded merit where it was not fully due.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。