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1.
性别与年龄对圈养大熊猫行为的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
对 2 4只圈养大熊猫行为进行了定量观察 ,发现雄性活动、蹭阴标记和探究行为频次显著高于雌性 ,其它行为差异不够显著。随年龄的增长 ,个体探究和游戏行为频次显著减少 ;雄性个体用于蹭阴标记和嗅闻的时间显著多于雌性 ,而用于休息行为的时间则正相反。随年龄的增长 ,个体用于游戏的时间显著减少 ,休息的时间显著增加 ;圈养雄性个体白天处于活跃状态的时间百分比 (86 5 9± 5 4 0 ,n =11)显著多于雌性 (6 6 77±5 75 % ,n =13,P =0 0 5 0 )。结果表明 :1)大熊猫个体行为的性别差异不仅存在于野生个体 ,而且存在于圈养个体 ;2 )幼年个体表现较多的游戏和探究行为可能与行为学习和模仿有关 ,并可能对个体行为发育有重要影响。非发情期雄性个体表现较多的蹭阴标记和嗅闻行为可能与护卫领地和维持社群关系有关。  相似文献   

2.
于2004年8月~2005年1月,采用焦点取样连续记录法,对甘肃兴隆山自然保护区马麝繁育中心的雌性马麝Moschus sifanicus进行了行为取样.按雌麝的发情格局,将样本动物区分为正常发情和不发情个体,并对两类雌麝在非交配季节(6~10月)和交配季节(11 月~翌年1月)的行为格局分别进行了比较分析.结果 表明,正常发情和不发情雌麝的总体行为格局并无大的差异,但在非交配季节,正常发情雌麝的运动频次显著多于不发情雌麝,后者的摄食频次较多,此外,雌麝(仅为正常发情)在交配季节有蹭尾行为的表达,正常发情雌麝的蹭尾行为频次显著多于不发情雌麝(无此行为表达,频次为0值).本研究结果可为圈养雌麝的发情格局的预测及区分提供参考.  相似文献   

3.
野捕和圈养繁殖雄性马麝行为格局的比较   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用焦点取样和连续记录法,对甘肃兴隆山麝场圈养雄性马麝(Moschus sifanicus)进行行为取样,比较野捕和圈养繁殖雄性马麝的行为差异,并对雄麝在交配季节和非交配季节的行为时间分配进行分析.结果表明,由于圈养环境和管理模式相同,野捕和圈养繁殖马麝的总体行为格局类似,其时间和能量分配格局无本质差异,但由于幼年期的抓捕、人工哺乳及圈养方式等对其行为发育的影响,野捕雄麝的冲突行为表达强度显著高于驯产雄麝(P<0.05).和非交配季节相比,雄麝在交配季节的静卧行为持续时间较少(P<0.05),运动性增加(P<0.05),摄食(P<0.05)和反刍减少(P<0.05),蹭尾标记及粪尿标记行为持续时间较长,增加了信息标记强度,且对相关的环境探究和尾阴探究等信息收集行为相应增加,但差异均不显著(P>0.05).  相似文献   

4.
2000年6月至2001年2月,采用焦点取样连续记录方法,对甘肃兴隆山自然保护区马麝(Moschus sifanicus)繁育中心的雄性马麝进行了行为取样。按马麝爬胯结果,将样本动物区分为爬胯成功雄麝和爬胯失败雄麝,并对两类群雄麝在非交配季节(6—10月)和交配季节(11月—翌年1月)的行为格局分别进行了比较分析。结果表明,在单位取样时间(5min)内,爬胯成功雄麝在非交配季节的摄食行为持续时间显著少于爬胯失败雄麝,而静卧和蹭尾行为的持续时间显著多于爬胯失败雄麝。爬胯成功雄麝在交配季节的静卧时间显著少于爬胯失败雄麝,而攻击行为、蹭尾及粪尿标记的持续时间显著多于爬胯失败雄麝。根据以上结果,在麝类迁地保护和驯养实践中,雄性马麝的静卧和蹭尾行为(尤其是蹭尾)可以作为其爬胯成功度及繁殖性能的行为判别指标。这为马麝驯养实践,尤其是在提高配种雄麝选取的直观性及可操作性方面提供了量化行为参数。  相似文献   

5.
2000年6月至2001年2月,采用焦点取样连续记录方法,对甘肃兴隆山自然保护区马麝(Moschus sifanicus)繁育中心的雄性马麝进行了行为取样。按马麝爬胯结果,将样本动物区分为爬胯成功雄麝和爬胯失败雄麝,并对两类群雄麝在非交配季节(6—10月)和交配季节(11月—翌年1月)的行为格局分别进行了比较分析。结果表明,在单位取样时间(5 min)内,爬胯成功雄麝在非交配季节的摄食行为持续时间显著少于爬胯失败雄麝,而静卧和蹭尾行为的持续时间显著多于爬胯失败雄麝。爬胯成功雄麝在交配季节的静卧时间显著少于爬胯失败雄麝,而攻击行为、蹭尾及粪尿标记的持续时间显著多于爬胯失败雄麝。根据以上结果,在麝类迁地保护和驯养实践中,雄性马麝的静卧和蹭尾行为(尤其是蹭尾)可以作为其爬胯成功度及繁殖性能的行为判别指标。这为马麝驯养实践,尤其是在提高配种雄麝选取的直观性及可操作性方面提供了量化行为参数。  相似文献   

6.
根田鼠气味识别的性二型   总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8  
孙平  赵亚军  赵新全 《兽类学报》2004,24(4):315-321
以新鲜尿和粪作气味源,在行为选择箱中观察根田鼠的行为识别模式,结果表明:雌鼠对陌生同性尿、粪气味源行为识别的差异不显,雄鼠对陌生同性尿、粪气味源的行为识别在多个指标上存在显差异;根田鼠对陌生异性尿、粪的行为响应模式无明显差异;除嗅舔时间外,雌、雄鼠对粪气味的行为识别在其他指标上不存在明显差异;比较雌、雄鼠对尿刺激的行为识别发现,雄鼠对尿刺激的访问频次和反标记显大于雌鼠,雌性嗅舔时间显大于雄性,其他方面二之间并无显差异。因此,雌、雄性根田鼠对粪气味的行为识别模式不存在性别差异;对尿气味的行为识别模式存在性别差异。  相似文献   

7.
为检验根田鼠对不同亲属关系异性成体尿气味的识别能力,通过一雄两雌配对实验建立实验种群,从而产生同胞、父系半同胞和陌生个体。在行为选择箱中记录了雌、雄根田鼠对亲属系数分别为0、0.25和0.5异性尿气味的行为响应模式。结果如下:雌性根田鼠对3种不同亲属关系雄鼠气味的接近潜伏期的差异达到极显著水平(P〈0.01),嗅闻时间的差异也达到显著水平(P〈0.05),而嗅闻频次和反标记的差异均未达到显著水平(P〉0.05)。雄性根田鼠对3种不同亲属关系雌鼠气味的接近潜伏期和嗅闻时间的差异都未达到显著水平(P〉0.05)。对不同亲属关系的气味嗅闻频次和反标记的比较分析表明,三者间的差异也未达到显著水平(P〉0.05)。因此,雌性根田鼠能够识别不同亲属关系异性气味并对不同气味表现出不同的行为响应模式;而雄鼠不能识别3种气味并对其表现出类似的行为模式。  相似文献   

8.
于2008年6月至2009年1月期间,采用焦点动物取样法,记录了甘肃兴隆山马麝驯养场的54头圈养马麝的刻板行为发生频次,按性别、年龄及年龄组、繁殖季节、动物来源和繁殖成效等变量区分样本动物,比较各类别间的刻板行为表达强度.结果表明,圈养马麝在单位取样时间(5 min)内平均表达(0.084±0.025)次刻板行为(n=54).圈舍活动场面积对马麝刻板行为表达强度的效应不显著,在面积较小圈舍中的马麝刻板行为的表达有较多的趋势.因雌麝的哺乳及育幼等原因,雌麝的刻板行为发生频次((0.07±0.03)次,n=31)显著低于雄麝((0.11±0.04)次,n=23,P<0.05),但雌雄马麝的刻板行为频次均无显著月间差异,呈连续变化趋势,从8月开始,雌麝的刻板行为频次逐月攀升至1月的最大值( (0.020±0.012)次),而雄麝的刻板行为频次升至12月即急剧下降.马麝非交配季节的刻板行为频次( (0.037±0.017)次,n=47)显著少于交配季节((0.140±0.05)次,n=32).虽年龄较大的马麝的刻板行为有表达较强的趋势,但年龄及年龄组对马麝的刻板行为频次的效应均不显著.自繁圈养个体的刻板行为发生频次((0.10±0.06)次,n=15)有高于野捕圈养个体((0.07±0.02)次,n=30)的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05).性不活跃雌麝的刻板行为频次((0.17±0.12)次,n=10)显著地多于性活跃雌麝((0.05±0.02)次,n=15,P<0.05),性不活跃雄麝的刻板行为频次((0.10±0.04)次,n=13)高于性活跃雄麝((0.06±0.02)次,n=9),但差异不显著(P>0.05).  相似文献   

9.
胡杰 《四川动物》2008,27(1):123-126
采用焦点动物取样和连续记录的方法,在浙江省嵊州市河麂种源繁育基地对交配季节及非交配季节,成年雌獐和1岁龄雌獐的行为格局进行了比较研究,结果表明:在非交配季节,成年雌獐刻板行为显著多于1岁龄雌獐(P<0.05);在交配季节,成年雌獐较1岁龄雌獐有显著较长时间的环境探究行为(P<0.05);与非交配季节比较,成年雌獐的移动时间在非交配季节明显增加(P<0.05).最后,还对圈养雌獐的管理提出了建议.  相似文献   

10.
通过雄性布氏田鼠(Microtus brandti)对配偶和陌生雌鼠气味的辨别实验发现:(1)雌鼠动情状况对雄鼠气味行为反应的影响,当配偶雌鼠处于动情期时,被试雄鼠对动情陌生雌鼠巢垫物的溴闻和舔舐的持续时间都明显多于对非动情陌生雌鼠巢垫物的嗅闻和舔舐时间,而其他行为没有明显判别当配偶雌鼠处于非动情期时,雄鼠对动情的和非动情的陌生雌鼠的气味行为反应都没有明显判别当陌生雌鼠处于动情期时,被试雄鼠对动情配偶气味的嗅闻时间明显多于对非动情配偶的嗅闻时间,而其他行为反应没有明显差异;当陌生雌鼠处于非动情期时,被试雄鼠对动情配偶雌鼠巢垫物的嗅闻时间,挖掘频次,舔舐频次和时间都明显多于对非动情配偶气味的嗅闻,而且雄鼠在动情配偶气味周围搔扒体侧行为的发生频次和持续时间也多于在非动情配偶气味周围的搔扒行为;(2)熟悉性对雄鼠气味行为反应的影响,当配偶雌鼠和陌生雌鼠都处于动情期或都处于非动情期时,被试雄鼠对陌生雌鼠气味的探究行为(嗅问、挖掘和舔噬)和搔扒体侧行为明显多于对配偶雌鼠气味的探究;雄鼠访问陌生雌鼠气味源箱的频次和在其中的停留时间也都多于访问配偶雌鼠气味源箱的频次和停留时间;当配偶雌鼠处于动情期而陌生雌鼠处于非动情期时,被试雄鼠对配偶气味的嗅闻,挖掘和自身修饰行为明显多于对陌生雌鼠气味的行为反应,进入配偶气味源箱中的访问频次也多于进入陌生雌鼠气味源箱的访问频次。结果说明:雌鼠与被试雄鼠的熟悉程度和雌鼠的动情状况直接影响雄性布氏田鼠的社会探究和气味选择行为,即雄鼠偏好并选择动情雌鼠和陌生雌鼠,雄性布氏田鼠对雌鼠气味的行为反应也表现出田鼠属动物典型的多配制种类特征。  相似文献   

11.
性病后慢性前列腺炎病原微生物分析   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13  
本文对性病后慢性前列腺炎病原微生物进行了研究。90例患者前列腺液支原体检出率为24.44%(22/90),其中解脲支原体为22.00%(18/90),人型支原体为4.44%(4/90)。另一组232例患者进行前列腺液细菌培养鉴定,总检出率为42.7%(99/232),以金黄色葡萄球菌为主24.5%(57/232),其它菌依次为表皮葡萄球菌7.3%(17/232),肠球菌4.3%(10/232),非发酵菌2.6%(6/232),肠杆菌科细菌2.2%(5/232)和A群链球菌1.7%(4/232)。作者认为,性病后慢性前列腺炎可能为急性尿道炎期,由于治疗不彻底或忽略非特异性性病病原菌的治疗而使条件致病菌上行感染所致。  相似文献   

12.
目的:分析和探讨性病后泌尿生殖系统金黄色葡萄球菌及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)感染及其对各类抗生素的耐药性,以协助指导临床合理用药。方法:采用常规培养鉴定方法和1999年美国NCCLS药敏试验纸片扩散法检测泌尿生殖系标本中金黄色葡萄球菌、MRSA分离率及其对抗生素的敏感性。结果:427例标本共分离出金黄色葡萄球菌236株,其中MRSA占43.6%。金黄色葡萄球菌对常用16种抗生素的耐药率小于20%有万古霉素、呋喃坦啶、阿米卡星、利福平。MRSA对上述外的抗生素均有不同程度的耐药,且耐药性均高于MRSS.呈多重耐药。结论:金黄色葡萄球菌在性病泌尿系统感染占首位,这些菌株对各类抗生素有较高的耐药性,且呈多重耐药.应密切关注MRSA流行和播散。  相似文献   

13.
性传播疾病性尿道炎后慢性前列腺炎病原学分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
目的:了解性传播疾病(sexually transmitted disease,STD)性尿道炎后慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液(expressed prostatic secretion,EPS)标本中病原体的感染状况及对常用抗菌药物的敏感性。方法:对性传播疾病后慢性前列腺患者的EPS进行病原体检测和药敏试验。结果:126例患者中96例分离出病原体115株,阳性率为76.2%。主要病原体为金黄色葡萄球菌(20.0%)、解脲支原体(18.3%)、表皮葡萄球菌(14.8%)和淋球菌(13.9%),混合感染率达15.1%。药敏试验显示解脲支原体对四环素、红霉素和氧氟沙星耐药,而对原始霉素、强力霉素和交沙霉素敏感。葡萄球菌属对万古霉素、呋喃妥因和头孢唑啉最为敏感。结论,提示EPS的病原体检测对临床诊断和治疗性传播疾病后慢性前列腺炎具有重要意义。  相似文献   

14.
Advanced animal models, such as minipigs, are needed for the development of a globally requested human Chlamydia vaccine. Previous studies have shown that vaginal inoculation of sexually mature Göttingen minipigs with Chlamydia trachomatis resulted in an infection lasting only 3–5 days.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of targeting the upper porcine genital tract by transcervical and transabdominal intrauterine inoculation, compared to previously performed vaginal inoculation. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of the hormonal cycle, estrus vs. diestrus, on the establishment of a C. trachomatis infection in the minipig.Targeting the upper genital tract (transcervical inoculation) resulted in a longer lasting infection (at least 7 days) compared to vaginal inoculation (3–5 days). When comparing intrauterine inoculation during estrus and diestrus, inoculation during diestrus resulted in a longer lasting infection (at least 10 days) compared to estrus (3–5 days). Furthermore, we found a significant C. trachomatis specific IFN-γ response in pigs inoculated during estrus correlating with the accelerated clearance of infection in these pigs.These findings suggest that for implementation of an optimal model of C. trachomatis in minipigs, inoculation should bypass the cervix and preferable be performed during diestrus.  相似文献   

15.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent of cervical and other cancers. Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) may play a crucial role in HPV persistence, leading to serious complications, including cervical cancer. This study investigated the association of HPV/STI co-infection in cervical samples with cervical dysplasia among women in Saudi Arabia. HPV-positive cervical samples (n = 142) were obtained from previous studies and newly collected samples (n = 209) were obtained from women aged 19–83 years. For HPV detection and genotyping, PCR and Genoflow HPV assay kits were used. STIs were detected using a Genoflow STD array kit. Of 351 samples, 94 (27%) were positive for STIs. Among HPV-positive samples, 36 (25%) were positive for STIs; the most common pathogens were Ureaplasma urealyticum/Ureaplasma parvu (13%) and Mycoplasma hominis (6%). A global significant correlation was detected between HPV and STIs with progression of abnormal cervical cytology (χ2 = 176, P < 0.0001). Associations between cervical cytology diagnosis and HPV status, STI types (opportunistic and pathogenic), and the presence of Ureaplasma spp., and Mycoplasma hominis were significant (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that additional study in a larger population is warranted to determine the association between HPV/STI co-infection and cervical neoplasia in Saudi women.  相似文献   

16.
In random mating populations, the fate of mitochondrial mutations with sexually antagonistic effects in males and females is based solely on their effects in females. Therefore, mitochondrial mutations that are beneficial for females but deleterious for males will be fixed in a deterministic model. Why then are males not less fertile? One among many several explanations is that inbreeding limits the ability of mutants to spread since the fitness of a mother is now linked to her son's fertility. We model this situation analytically and determine conditions under which such sexually antagonistic mitochondrial mutants can spread and fix in a population. We also provide alternative hypotheses for the lack of observed male sterility in natural populations.  相似文献   

17.
目的 (1)了解慢性盆腔炎患者宫颈局部分泌物及盆腔病原体培养结果的一致性;(2)了解盆腔炎患者盆腔与宫颈病原微生物感染的情况。方法对2009年12月至2010年3月因慢性盆腔炎住院患者,将其宫颈局部分泌物进行病原体培养,后经腹腔镜将其盆腔积液或盆腔冲洗液进行病原体培养,将培养结果进行对比。结果 (1)慢性盆腔炎患者盆腔与宫颈分泌物病原微生物培养有中度一致性,Kappa=0.494,Z<0.05,差异有统计学意义;(2)PID患者中,UU检出率高,在宫颈局部及盆腔积液或冲洗液中的检出率分别为46.07%和27.45%;CT的检出率也较高,在宫颈局部及盆腔积液或冲洗液的检出率分别为19.60%和17.64%。结论慢性盆腔炎患者中严格按照操作行宫颈局部分泌物培养对盆腔炎用药有一定的指导意义,盆腔及宫颈局部UU感染率明显高于其他STD病原体。  相似文献   

18.
Consider a population that develops over units of time labelled by zero and the negative integers. It is assumed that at any time r ? 0 there are respectively N(m, a) males of age a and N(f, b) of females of age b, where a = 1, … , Am and b = 1, … , Af. At time 0 a sample of n copies of a gene are assumed to be observed, where n ? minab(N(m, a), N(f, b)). It is assumed that at any particular time r any possible mating is equally probable and that numbers of gametes contributed to offspring of age 1 and sex u by parents of sex v are exchangeable within age groups and independently distributed among age-groups. Coalescent theory is then derived, with time measured in multiples 2NeC of the effective population size NeC, which depends on a measure T of the generation interval. Theory is developed for both autosomal and sex-linked loci in two special cases.  相似文献   

19.
目的了解临时多性伴接触者病原体的感染情况。方法对2005年5月至2008年5月于我科门诊就诊的临时多性伴接触者进行病原体检测并分析病种特点。结果临时多性伴接触者病原体感染的阳性率为65.3%,2种以上病原体混合感染阳性率为31.4%,病原体以解脲脲原体为最高,人型支原体阳性率最低;病种以非淋菌性尿道炎、尖锐湿疣及梅毒为主。结论临时多性伴接触者容易感染病原体,混合性感染增多,病种以非淋菌性尿道炎、尖锐湿疣及梅毒为主。  相似文献   

20.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates growth during all stages of development in vertebrates. To examine the mechanisms of the sexual growth dimorphism in the Tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), molecular cloning, expression analysis of IGF-I gene and IGF-I serum concentration analysis were performed. As a result, the IGF-I cDNA sequence is 911 bp, which contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 564 bp encoding a protein of 187 amino acids. The sex-specific tissue expression was analyzed by using 14 tissues from females, normal males and extra-large male adults. The IGF-I mRNA was predominantly expressed in liver, and the IGF-I expression levels in females and extra-large males were 1.9 and 10.2 times as much as those in normal males, respectively. Sex differences in IGF-I mRNA expressions at early life stages were also examined by using a full-sib family of C. semilaevis, and the IGF-I mRNA was detected at all of the 27 sampling points from 10 to 410 days old. An increase in IGF-I mRNA was detected after 190 day old fish. The significantly higher levels of IGF-I mRNA in females were observed after 190 days old in comparison with males (P < 0.01). The IGF-I concentrations in serum of mature individuals were detected by ELISA. The IGF-I level in the serum of females was approximately two times as much as that of males. Consequently, IGF-I may play an important role in the endocrine regulation of the sexually dimorphic growth of C. semilaevis.  相似文献   

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