江西省中国瘰螈分布的新记录

江西地区已有两栖动物计2目8科38种(Zhu,1994),其中有尾类已有记录为3种:大鲵(Andriasdavidianus)、东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)和肥螈(Paehytriton brevipes)。最近笔者在江西永新县深远山自然保护区陆生脊椎动物调查中,发现了蝾螈科(Salamandridae)瘰螈属(Paramesotrlton)一种有尾类动物,为江西省分布的新记录。现报道如下,作为该物种地理分布的资料参考。1采集时间和地点中国瘰螈[Paramesotriton chinensis(Gary,1895)]标本由宋玉赞采集于2006年5月17日江西省永新县深远山自然保护区船坪附近小溪,海拔352—576m,地理坐标为26°45.1…     

瘰螈属一新种——龙里瘰螈（有尾目：蝾螈科）

在贵州省龙里县水场乡采集到一批瘰螈标本,与瘰螈属已知物种比较后,确定其为一新种,即龙里瘰螈(Paramesotriton longliensis Li,Tian,Gu et Xiong sp.nov)。新种与尾斑瘰螈(Paramesotriton caudopunctatus)相似,但新种由于上鳃骨后端上翘,成体头部后端两侧鳃迹部位各有1个明显突起;体背嵴棱强烈隆起;指、趾两侧无缘膜,指、趾末端有黑色角质鞘;肛后尾的腹鳍褶橘红色,约在1/2处此颜色消失;雄螈尾后段浅紫红色无斑纹。统计并记述了新种的外形、头骨特征、染色体组型、生物学资料。     

瘰螈属(有尾目,蝾螈科)一新种

作者在贵州省织金县采集到一批蝾螈科瘰螈属动物标本,与该属已知物种比较后,确定其为1新种,即织金瘰螈Paramesotriton zhijinensis sp.nov。新种与尾斑瘰螈Paramesotriton caudopunctatus相似,但新种成体头部后端两侧各有3条退化的鳃迹,明显呈童体型;体背嵴两侧各有1条土黄色纵纹;指、趾两侧无缘膜,无内、外掌突;肛后尾腹鳍褶橘红色或橘黄色,约在后3/4处此颜色消失。本文统计并记述了新种的外形、头骨特征、生物学资料。     

我国棘螈属(Echinotriton)和疣螈属(Tylototriton)的研究概况

棘螈属（Echinotriton）和疣螈属（Tylototriton）均属于两栖纲有尾目蝾螈科.两属主要分布于我国西南、亚洲西南部、东南亚及日本.棘螈属在我国已知3种：Echinotriton andersoni（琉球棘螈）、E. Chinhaiensis（镇海棘螈）、E. Asperrimus（细痣棘螈）.疣螈属在我国已知4种：Tylototriton kweichowensis（贵州疣螈）、T. Shanjing（红瘰疣螈）、T.taliangensis（大凉疣螈）、T. Verrucosus（棕黑疣螈）.本文回顾了棘螈属和疣螈属物种的命名史,阐明了两属之间的关系,并从形态学、生态学、细胞遗传学和分子生物学方面对这两属的研究工作进行了综述.     

云南省发现龙里瘰螈

正龙里瘰螈Paramesotriton longliensis隶属于两栖纲Amphibia有尾目Caudata蝾螈科Salamandridae瘰螈属Paramesotriton。李松等(2008)根据贵州省龙里县采集到的瘰螈标本,描述并发表了瘰螈属新种——龙里瘰螈,为中国特有种。目前该物种记录分布于贵州、重庆和湖北的喀斯特地区(中国两栖类,2020)。本研究于2019年9月在云南省文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县下金厂乡附近(104°48'38"E,23°8'31"N,海拔1 390 m)采集到瘰螈标本4号,包括2号雄性(SWFU 003653和SWFU 003656)和2号雌性(SWFU 003654和SWFU 003655),所有标本均浸泡在10%甲醛中,保存于西南林业大学。根据形态鉴定为龙里瘰螈,为云南省两栖动物分布新记录。     

浙江省望东垟高山湿地发现橙脊瘰螈（有尾目：蝾螈科）

2017年2月14日,在浙江省丽水市景宁畲族自治县望东垟高山湿地省级自然保护区(28°11′51.72″N,119°49′2.28″E,1 100 m)采集到瘰螈标本5号,通过形态特征测量和描述初步鉴定为橙脊蝾螈(Paramesotriton aurantius),并利用线粒体COⅠ基因序列进行分子鉴定,所采标本鉴定为蝾螈科(Salamandridae)瘰螈属橙脊蝾螈。该物种为浙江省两栖纲新记录种。     

文县疣螈在重庆境内分布的补充调查

2005～2008年在重庆云阳县和奉节县对文县疣螈 Tylototriton wenxianensis 进行了10处实地考察,其中9处看见或采集到标本,1处为寻访调查;在1处观察到其求偶行为.结合文献和标本查阅结果,更具体地了解到重庆市文县疣螈的分布情况和各地种群生存现状的信息,从而为该物种的地区性保护提供相关策略.     

湖北省发现中国瘰螈

2009年6～9月,在咸丰县丁寨乡、甲马池乡采集到一批两栖类标本,经鉴定其中中国瘰螈(Paramesotriton chinesis)为湖北省新纪录种。     

中国肥螈属(两栖纲:蝾螈科)一新种——弓斑肥螈Pachytriton archospotus sp. nov.

本文记述两栖纲蝾螈目蝾螈科一新种,新种具肥螈属(Pachytriton)系列特征,与肥螈属已知2种比较有明显区别.如1)本新种与黑斑肥螈(Pachytriton brevipes)相似,体表具黑色小圆斑,但新种具额鳞弓、上鳃骨直而与后者不同;无斑肥螈(Pachytriti on labiatus)(地模标本)虽具额鳞弓,但上鳃骨明显弯曲,体表无黑色小圆斑;2) 新种吻短,吻长小于眼间距,黑斑肥螈吻长大于眼间距,无斑肥螈吻长大于或等于眼间距, 它们的头型明显不同,虽然三者头长均大于头宽,但头长、吻长、眼间距差异显著;3)繁 殖期新种雄体肛区不明显肿胀,肛裂周边中、后部生殖乳突长,而且多,十分醒目;黑斑肥 螈和无斑肥螈繁殖期肛区明显肿胀膨大,生殖乳突较短、且稀.经统计分析三种肥螈的头体长、头长、头宽、吻长和眼间距存在显著差异     

版纳鱼螈的境遇

版纳鱼螈IchthyophisbannanicusYang原记为双带鱼螈,是蚓螈目中在我国唯一而仅有一的物种,属于稀有动物。1地理分布自1974年我在防城县的十万大山采得一号标本后,相继在广西的北流、桂平、玉林、梧州、南宁和广东的罗定县获得标本。据现有的资料,该种分布酉至云南省的勐腊,东至广东省的肇庆,北至广西的梧州,南至广酉的防城,该地段属亚热带,地理座标ZI．50－23．5”N、101．SOE,年平均气温约ZI．4OC,垂直分布范围100—600m。2生境与习性鱼奶生活在草木茂盛,不完全干燥的山脚地带;离山区较远的开阔平坦地带没有发现。成体活…     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。