中国茎蜂科分类研究IV.简脉茎蜂属四新种附中国茎蜂科种属名录(膜翅目: 茎蜂科)

本文报道茎蜂科简脉茎蜂属中国４新种：申氏简脉茎蜂Ｊａｎｕｓｓｈｅｎｉｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,黄丽简脉茎蜂Ｊａｎｕｓｂｅｌｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,红胸简脉茎蜂Ｊａｎｕｓｒｕｆｉｔｈｏｒａｘｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,刻盾简脉茎蜂Ｊａｎｕｓｐｕｎｃｔａｔｅｎｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。文中还提供了中国茎蜂科已知属和种的名录及分布     

中国哈茎蜂族一新纪录属种和一新种(膜翅目,茎蜂科)

记述中国茎蜂科哈茎蜂族1新纪录属种:黑基外齿茎蜂Stenoephus oncogaster Shinohara,1999和1新种:黄斑外齿茎蜂Stenocephus flavomaculus sp.nov..新种各足基节外侧亮黄色,中胸前侧片中部具黄条斑;OOL:POL=1.5,OCL:POL=4.0;下唇须第4节明显粗于基部3节;下颚须第1节等长于第5节,仅为第2节1/2长,第2节长2倍于宽,第6节2倍长于第5节;腹部第3节高明显大于长,后足胫节具1对亚端距,锯鞘基1.8倍长于锯鞘端,锯腹片中部三齿型锯刃较短的第3齿紧贴于较长的第1、2齿等,容易与本属模式种单刺外齿茎蜂鉴别.外齿茎蜂属目前已知仅此2种,分布于中国和日本,其主要鉴别特征为:体型狭长,腹部基部细长,第2节长明显大于高,雌虫腹部亚端部明显膨大,左上颚双齿式,内齿无肩,外齿显著长于内齿,爪无基片,内外齿均较小,互相分离,触角第3节长于第4节,前翅cu-a脉与1M脉顶接.新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫标本馆.     

短痣茎蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:茎蜂科)

记述采自甘肃天水杏树Prunus armeniaca L.上的短痣茎蜂属1新种:杏短痣茎蜂Stigmatijanus armeniacae Wu,sp.nov.。模式标本保存于天水市秦州区森林病虫害防治检疫站标本室。     

哈茎蜂族二新属三新种（膜翅目：茎蜂科）

本文是中国茎蜂科昆虫系统分类研究之七,报道中国茎蜂科哈茎蜂族昆虫２新属３新种;兰胸柄腹茎蜂,长鞘大茎蜂,无目无刺茎蜂,无刺茎蜂属系一罕见属,是中国新纪录属。     

梨茎蜂观察简报

梨茎蜂Janus piri Okamoto et Maramatsu在浙江省梨栽培地区普遍发生,成虫产卵为害梨树新梢,有些梨园连年受害严重,满园断梢累累。为了做好防治梨茎蜂工作,保护春梢正常抽发,于1974年及1975年在杭州植物园定植4、5年的梨园内,对其为害和发生进行了初步观察。     

香梨茎蜂的生物学特性

香梨茎蜂ＪａｎｕｓｐｉｒｉｏｄｏｒｕｓＹａｎｇ属膜翅目茎蜂科Ｃｅｐｈｉｄａｅ ,是危害库尔勒香梨的一种主要害虫[1] 。该虫由中国农业大学杨集昆教授于1 995年鉴定命名 ,是第 4种危害梨梢的梨茎蜂[2 ] 。为了对该虫进行综合防治 ,1 997～ 1 999年作者对其行为学进行了研究     

脊颜茎蜂属评述暨一新种(膜翅目:茎蜂科)

基于模式标本和新材料研究了茎蜂科脊颜茎蜂属,修订了该属属征和主要鉴别特征.该属唇基上区具锐利中脊,下唇须第4节短,明显宽于下颚须第4节,左上额粗短,中部显著弯折,雄虫多数鞭分节腹侧钝齿状突出,雌虫部分锯刃具多列亚基齿等特征,与茎蜂科其余各属均不相同.描述了脊颜茎蜂属1新种,采集自江西和湖南南部山区.编制了种检索表.     

一种寄生梨茎蜂的重要天敌-梨茎蜂啮小蜂(膜翅目,姬小蜂科)新种记述

描述了寄生梨茎蜂Janus piri Okamoto et Muramatsu的一种重要天敌新种--梨茎蜂啮小蜂Tetrastichus janusi sp.nov.,该种属小蜂总科姬小蜂科啮小蜂属.新种群集外寄生于梨茎蜂幼虫,一般1头寄主上寄生4～14头个体,雌雄性比为2.6∶1.0.一年发生两代.在越冬代梨茎蜂幼虫中的寄生率达44.7%.新种在梨茎蜂的生物防治中具有良好的应用前景.这是啮小蜂亚科在国内外首次发现寄生于茎蜂科害虫.新种模式标本保存于中国林业科学研究院昆虫标本馆.     

中国蛛蜂科十新记录种

记述采自中国河北省小五台山、宁夏同族自治区六盘山的蛛蜂科 Pompilidae 2亚科(Pepsinae,Pompilinae)、5 属(Agenioideus,Arachnospila,Cryptocheilus,Evagetes,Priocnemis)、10中国新记录种.研究标本分别保存在河北大学和云南农业大学昆虫...     

Helminth species diversity of mammals: parasite species richness is a host species attribute

Studies investigating parasite diversity have shown substantial geographical variation in parasite species richness. Most of these studies have, however, adopted a local scale approach, which may have masked more general patterns. Recent studies have shown that ectoparasite species richness in mammals seems highly repeatable among populations of the same mammal host species at a regional scale. In light of these new studies we have reinvestigated the case of parasitic helminths by using a large data set of parasites from mammal populations in 3 continents. We collected homogeneous data and demonstrated that helminth species richness is highly repeatable in mammals at a regional scale. Our results highlight the strong influence of host identity in parasite species richness and call for future research linking helminth species found in a given host to its ecology, immune defences and potential energetic trade-offs.     

Population dynamics of species with gynogenetic sibling species

Models are formulated for the population dynamics of a monoecious or dioecious species with an all-female parthenogenetic sibling species which is also gynogenetic. Continuous, deterministic reproduction and mortality, a stationary age distribution, random mating, and limited sexual competence for all individuals are posited. It is also supposed that in the dioecious case males do not distinguish between true and gynogenetic females. Similarly, hermaphrodites do not differentiate hermaphrodites and gynogens. The model implies that extinction is highly likely in the dioecious situation, but much less so in the monoecious one. Empirical evidence is reviewed and related to the assumptions and conclusions.     

Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi

The operational species concept, i.e., the one used to recognize species, is contrasted to the theoretical species concept. A phylogenetic approach to recognize fungal species based on concordance of multiple gene genealogies is compared to those based on morphology and reproductive behavior. Examples where Phylogenetic Species Recognition has been applied to fungi are reviewed and concerns regarding Phylogenetic Species Recognition are discussed.     

Distinguishing species

Given two organisms, how can one distinguish whether they belong to the same species or not? This might be straightforward for two divergent organisms, but can be extremely difficult and laborious for closely related ones. A molecular marker giving a clear distinction would therefore be of immense benefit. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) has been widely used for low-level phylogenetic analyses. Case studies revealed that a compensatory base change (CBC) in the helix II or helix III ITS2 secondary structure between two organisms correlated with sexual incompatibility. We analyzed more than 1300 closely related species to test whether this correlation is generally applicable. In 93%, where a CBC was found between organisms classified within the same genus, they belong to different species. Thus, a CBC in an ITS2 sequence-structure alignment is a sufficient condition to distinguish even closely related species.     

Confronting species distribution model predictions with species functional traits

Species distribution models are valuable tools in studies of biogeography, ecology, and climate change and have been used to inform conservation and ecosystem management. However, species distribution models typically incorporate only climatic variables and species presence data. Model development or validation rarely considers functional components of species traits or other types of biological data. We implemented a species distribution model (Maxent) to predict global climate habitat suitability for Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). We then tested the relationship between the degree of climate habitat suitability predicted by Maxent and the individual growth rates of both wild (N = 17) and stocked (N = 51) Grass Carp populations using correlation analysis. The Grass Carp Maxent model accurately reflected the global occurrence data (AUC = 0.904). Observations of Grass Carp growth rate covered six continents and ranged from 0.19 to 20.1 g day⁻¹. Species distribution model predictions were correlated (r = 0.5, 95% CI (0.03, 0.79)) with observed growth rates for wild Grass Carp populations but were not correlated (r = −0.26, 95% CI (−0.5, 0.012)) with stocked populations. Further, a review of the literature indicates that the few studies for other species that have previously assessed the relationship between the degree of predicted climate habitat suitability and species functional traits have also discovered significant relationships. Thus, species distribution models may provide inferences beyond just where a species may occur, providing a useful tool to understand the linkage between species distributions and underlying biological mechanisms.