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1.
《植物生态学报》2013,22(3):277
A scientific workflow system is designed specifically to organize, manage and execute a series of research steps, or a workflow, in a given runtime environment. The vision for scientific workflow systems is that the scientists around the world can collaborate on designing global-scaled experiments, sharing the data sets, experimental processes, and results on an easy-to-use platform. Each scientist can create and execute their own workflows and view results in real-time, and then subsequently share and reuse workflows among other scientists. Two case studies, using the Kepler system and BioVeL, are introduced in this paper. Ecological niche modeling process, which is a specialized form of scientific workflow system included in both Kepler system and BioVeL, was used to describe and discuss the features, developmental trends, and problems of scientific workflows. 相似文献
2.
大型生态斑块是区域生物多样性保护的重要基础.然而,随着我国城镇化的快速推进,人类活动对环境的干扰越来越强烈,不仅大型生态斑块数量不断减少、质量不断下降,而且斑块之间连接出现弱化, “孤岛化”现象严重,严重影响区域生物多样性保护.本文以鄱阳湖生态经济区为例,通过GIS技术手段,充分考虑景观类型、坡度和人类活动干扰的影响,采用最小费用模型构建了该区域的潜在生态廊道.基于重力模型定量分析了生态斑块间的相互作用强度,并以此将潜在生态廊道分成2级以便区别保护,识别了研究区重要生态节点和生态断裂点,分析了该潜在生态网络结构的连通性.结果表明: 森林和农田是构成研究区生态廊道的主要景观类型;生态斑块之间的相互作用强度差异显著;区域生态网络结构较复杂,网络连接度和闭合度较高.研究结果可为鄱阳湖生态经济区生物多样性保护和生态网络优化提供科学依据. 相似文献
3.
生态交错带与生物多样性 总被引：43，自引：1，他引：43
自从生态交错带提出以来,许多生态学家对它与生物多样性之间的关系进行了研究,大量的事实显示出生态交错带富于生物多样性,但一些数据也相当模糊。生态交错带的管理和生物多样性保护是一项有意义而紧迫的工作 相似文献
4.
根据2010-2013年调查结果,结合相关文献资料,研究了瓯江流域的水生植物多样性和物种生态位。结果表明:①瓯江流域有水生高等植物181种(含亚种、变种),隶属于41科78属,属的分布型以世界分布为主,占总属数43.59%,热带性质的属发育较温带性质充分。②30个临时样地划分了河流、沼泽、农田、沟渠、池塘、洪泛湿地等6类生境类型,单位面积物种数以洪泛湿地最高0.09 ind./m2,其次是沼泽生境0.07 ind./m2;农田和池塘生境物种多样性随流域高程降低逐渐升高,其余生境物种多样性以中游最高;优势种生活型以挺水、漂浮植物为主,沉水植物、浮叶植物重要值较低; ③挺水植物生态位宽度普遍高于其他生活型,沉水、浮叶植物生态位宽度普遍较低;相同生活型植物生态位重叠以漂浮植物间最高,以沉水植物间最低;不同生活型植物生态位重叠以挺水-浮叶植物间最高,以沉水-漂浮植物间最低;生态型多样的喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)生态位宽度较大,与其他物种生态位重叠高,由此推测喜旱莲子草可能引起瓯江流域水生植物群落结构的变化,导致乡土水生植物物种多样性的降低。 相似文献
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在“生态系统能量流动”一节教学中,根据新课程标准的教学建议,以当地的密云水库为研究对象创设真实情境资料,组织学生建立能量流动概念模型和数学模型,渗透模型与建模的科学思维;并分析模型总结规律,应用规律分析密云水库生态保护措施的合理性,渗透绿水青山就是金山银山的生态环保理念. 相似文献
6.
初中生物学课程包含较多的抽象知识,增加了学生理解知识的难度,对教师实施教学提出了更高的要求。针对生物学课堂不同课型,运用建模策略进行教学实践,旨在促进学生的科学思维发展。 相似文献
7.
生态交错带研究对探索自然生态规律和保护环境有重要意义。近30a来,有关生态交错带的论文数平均年增57%,显示其得到了愈来愈广泛的关注。回顾了生态交错带概念的产生与发展,区分了它与边缘、生态边界层与生态过渡带等概念的异同;简述了其7个基本属性,即高生物多样性、丰富的特有种、大量外来种、频繁的物质流动、敏感的时空动态性、结构的异质性和脆弱性;总结提炼了生态交错带的基本原理和假说;综述了生态交错带的生物多样性产生机制、对全球变化的响应与反馈、生态设计与管理以及生态交错带模型发展和整合的研究进展。提出今后需要大力发展理论研究、多尺度模型转化和多因子综合分析,以完善生态交错带理论并支持生态学机理的探索。 相似文献
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物种丰富度分布格局的成因机制一直是宏观生态学研究的热点问题之一。中国西南地区喀斯特地貌区(以广西、云南和贵州为主)是世界上面积最大的喀斯特地貌区, 也是全球范围内34个生物多样性热点地区之一。为了解该区域两栖动物物种丰富度分布格局及其与环境因子之间的关系, 本研究根据中国科学院成都生物研究所标本馆、中国科学院昆明动物研究所标本馆、广西壮族自治区自然博物馆和中南林业科技大学动物标本室收藏的标本数据, 以及公开发表的文献数据, 共获得18,246条两栖动物记录(219个物种), 然后运用生态位模型估测每个物种的潜在分布区, 并把每个物种的潜在分布区叠加起来, 最终得到该区域在10 km ´10 km生态位模型空间尺度上的两栖物种丰富度地理分布格局图, 最后进行多元回归和模型选择分析。结果表明: 有12种两栖动物仅在喀斯特地貌区分布, 占物种总数的5.48%; 有104种两栖动物仅在非喀斯特地貌区分布, 占物种总数的47.49%; 有103种两栖动物在喀斯特地貌区和非喀斯特地貌区均有分布, 占物种总数的47.03%; 两栖动物物种丰富度随纬度的增高而降低; 地貌类型(喀斯特地貌和非喀斯特地貌)对两栖动物物种丰富度的分布格局有显著影响(χ2 = 36.47, P < 0.0001), 但模型拟合效果差(McFadden’s Rho square = 0.0037)。影响该区域两栖动物物种丰富度分布格局最大的环境因子是年均降雨量(R2 = 0.232, P < 0.001), 其次是最干月平均降雨量(R2 = 0.221, P < 0.001)。该区域两栖动物物种丰富度的格局主要是由地貌和不同的环境因子共同相互作用的结果, 不过仍有相当一部分物种丰富度的分布格局未被解释。因此, 要更全面地认识该区域两栖动物物种丰富度格局的形成机制, 有必要加强干扰、捕食、竞争等其他生物因子的影响研究。 相似文献
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采用样方法调查金华市郊春夏季节非农田生境的外来杂草和主要\"土著性\"杂草的种类和分布,分析外来杂草和其他主要杂草的生态位关系,定量分析了外来杂草对城市郊区植物多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)50个样地中共出现21种外来杂草,其中以野塘蒿、一年蓬、北美车前的生态位宽度最大,分别达到0.7819、0.6915、0.5237;(2)大致可将50种杂草分成3大类,其中21种外来杂草根据其对环境资源利用的差异又可分为4组;(3)人为干扰因素和土壤水分条件是影响外来杂草分布、危害的主要因素;(4)样地聚类群VI、I、III、II的外来杂草丰富度递增,并与物种丰富度成正比,说明外来杂草在一定程度上丰富了局部环境的物种多样性;(5)外来杂草重要值与物种丰富度呈线性显著负相关,表明金华市郊外来杂草的入侵对生物多样性有不利的影响;(6)外来杂草重要值较外来杂草丰富度更为适合衡量外来杂草对生物多样性的影响。 相似文献
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放牧活动对小型啮齿动物种群数量的影响是草原生态系统研究中的热点问题,确定绵羊和小型啮齿动物的营养生态位关系对于草原生态系统的管理具有重要的作用。运用粪便显微分析法分析了内蒙古草原动物生态研究站大型野外围栏内布氏田鼠和绵羊在6—9月份的食谱组成,确定两种草食动物食性选择和营养生态位的变化,从食物利用途径揭示放牧活动对布氏田鼠种群数量的影响方式及二者之间的竞争与共存关系。研究结果表明：围栏中共有23种植物,其中糙隐子草、克氏针茅、羊草和刺藜是围栏中的优势植物;布氏田鼠共取食10种植物,绵羊共取食8种植物,禾本植物为两种动物的主要采食植物。布氏田鼠和绵羊的喜食植物种类都存在季节性变化;除7月外,两种动物的食物多样性与围栏植物多样性有显著的正相关关系,表明动物的食性选择受植物资源变化的影响。布氏田鼠和绵羊具有很高的营养生态位重叠度,除8月(0.691)外,6、7、9月份的营养生态位重叠度均高于0.9,表明二者之间存在激烈的食物竞争;放牧活动极显著地降低了禾本科植物的地上生物量,导致布氏田鼠的食物数量减少;放牧处理下布氏田鼠的喜食植物的物种数和营养生态位宽度(除9月)增加,导致布氏田鼠的食物质量... 相似文献
11.
Correlative ecological niche models are increasingly used to estimate potential distributions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) for biogeographical research. In the case of presence‐background/pseudoabsences techniques, cold environments that are poorly represented in existing geography can complicate the process of model calibration and transfer into more extreme cold environments that were very common during the LGM (non‐analog conditions). This may lead to biologically unrealistic estimations. Using one cold‐adapted North American mammal, we explore a real scenario to better understand the effect of restricting the range of environmental conditions over which niche models are calibrated and then transferred to LGM conditions. We performed two sets of experiments in Maxent: 1) we calibrated models in the context of only present‐day climate conditions, which is the most common practice, and compared predictions under LGM conditions based on two extrapolation methods (clamping versus unconstrained); 2) we calibrated single models using both present‐day and LGM conditions as part of the same background in order to include more extreme environments in the model calibration. Our experiments led to dramatically different estimates of species’ potential distributions, showing notable differences with respect to latitudinal and elevational shifts during the LGM. Models calibrated using present‐day climates yielded biologically unrealistic estimations, suggesting that species survived in the glaciers during the LGM. Even more unrealistic estimations were achieved when clamping was enforced as the method to extrapolate. Models calibrated in the context of both modern and past climates reduced the required degree of extrapolation and allowed more realistic potential distributions, suggesting that the species avoided extremely cold conditions during the LGM. This study alerts to the possibility of obtaining implausible potential distributions during the LGM due to restricted background datasets and offers recommendations that should promote better strategies to estimate distributional changes during glaciations. 相似文献
12.
Xuewen Geng;Jeremy Summers;Nancy Chen; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(7):e11678
Hybrid zones occur in nature when populations with limited reproductive barriers overlap in space. Many hybrid zones persist over time, and different models have been proposed to explain how selection can maintain hybrid zone stability. More empirical studies are needed to elucidate the role of ecological adaptation in maintaining stable hybrid zones. Here, we investigated the role of exogenous factors in maintaining a hybrid zone between western gulls (Larus occidentalis) and glaucous-winged gulls (L. glaucescens). We used ecological niche models (ENMs) and niche similarity tests to quantify and examine the ecological niches of western gulls, glaucous-winged gulls, and their hybrids. We found evidence of niche divergence between all three groups. Our results support the bounded superiority model, providing further evidence that exogenous selection favoring hybrids may be an important factor in maintaining this stable hybrid zone. 相似文献
13.
Alberto Rocha-Méndez;David A. Prieto-Torres;Luis A. Sánchez-González;Adolfo G. Navarro-Sigüenza; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(9):e70236
An ongoing challenge in evolutionary and ecological research focuses on testing biogeographic hypotheses for the understanding of both species' distributional patterns and of the factors influencing range limits. In this study, we described the climatic niches of Neotropical humid montane forest birds through the analysis of factors driving their evolution at inter- and intraspecific levels; and tested for differences among allopatric lineages within Aulacorhynchus, Chlorospingus, Cardellina, and Eupherusa. We employed ecological niche models (ENMs) along with an ordination approach with kernel smoothing to perform niche overlap analyses and test hypotheses of niche equivalence/similarity among lineages. In addition, we described the potential distributions of each lineage during the Late Pleistocene climate fluctuations, identifying historical range expansions, connectivity, and stability. Overall, we observed differences in environmental variables influencing climatic requirements and distributional patterns for our selected species. We detected the highest values of niche overlap mainly between Eupherusa and some Chlorospingus lineages. At both interspecific and intraspecific levels, sister lineages showed non-identical environmental niches. Our results offer weak support to a moist forest model, in which populations followed the expansion and contraction cycles of montane forests, leading to a lack of niche conservatism among lineages (they tend to occupy not identical climatic environments) throughout Mesoamerica. Therefore, historical climatic conditions may act as ecological barriers determining the distributional ranges of these species. 相似文献
14.
Wengang Zhang Xiaoyan Chen Ruiling Liu Xingjiang Song Gang Liu Jiabin Zou Zengqiang Qian Zhihong Zhu Langjun Cui 《Journal of Plant Ecology》2022,15(3):538
粗毛牛膝菊在中国的入侵与生态位漂移有关在外来物种入侵和扩散过程中,生态位的漂移可能起到了重要作用。粗毛牛膝菊(Galinsoga quadriradiata) 在中国已造成了较为严重的入侵,占据了许多与其原产地不同的气候区。为此,本研究力图揭示粗毛牛膝菊入侵过程中的气候生态位漂移,分析其在该物种入 侵中国过程中可能发挥的作用。本研究结合粗毛牛膝菊原 产地和入侵地的分布点与气候数据, 采用Maxent模型预测了其在中国潜在的分布,并采用主成分分析的方法评估 了在入侵中国过程中粗毛牛膝菊气候生态位的漂移。模型结果显示,该物种原产地种群和入侵地种群之间只 有32.7%的生态位重叠,两个种群的生态位相似性较低(Schoener's D = 0.093, P < 0.005),这暗示了在其入侵过程中发生了生态位漂移。相比于其原产地种群,其在中国的入侵种群气候生态位的整体范围和中心都明 显地漂移向了温度更低、降水更少的区域;中国南方大部分区域属于粗毛牛膝菊的稳定适生区,而位于入侵 前沿的北方地区则存在局域适应和潜在拓殖区域。这些研究结果说明,粗毛牛膝菊在中国的入侵种群仍处于准平衡阶段,未来有可能继续向新的适生区扩散入侵,其生态位的变化有力地解释了为什么该物种在中国的入侵性强、危害范围大。 相似文献
15.
Calanus finmarchicus is a key‐structural species of the North Atlantic polar biome. The species plays an important trophic role in subpolar and polar ecosystems as a grazer of phytoplankton and as a prey for higher trophic levels such as the larval stages of many fish species. Here, we used a recently developed ecological niche model to assess the ecological niche (sensu Hutchinson) of C. finmarchicus and characterize its spatial distribution. This model explained about 65% of the total variance of the observed spatial distribution inferred from an independent dataset (data of the continuous plankton recorder survey). Comparisons with other types of models (structured population and ecophysiological models) revealed a clear similarity between modeled spatial distributions at the scale of the North Atlantic. Contemporary models coupled with future projections indicated a progressive reduction of the spatial habitat of the species at the southern edge and a more pronounced one in the Georges Bank, the Scotian Shelf and the North Sea and a potential increase in abundance at the northern edge of its spatial distribution, especially in the Barents Sea. These major changes will probably lead to a major alteration of the trophodynamics of North Atlantic ecosystems affecting the trophodynamics and the biological carbon pump. 相似文献
16.
Alyssa M. FitzGerald 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(14):5285-5295
Sister species that diverged in allopatry in similar environments are expected to exhibit niche conservatism. Using ecological niche modeling and a multivariate analysis of climate and habitat data, I test the hypothesis that the Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Gray‐cheeked Thrush (C. mimimus), sister species that breed in the North American boreal forest, show niche conservatism. Three tree species that are important components of breeding territories of both thrush species were combined with climatic variables to create niche models consisting of abiotic and biotic components. Abiotic‐only, abiotic+biotic, and biotic‐only models were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) criterion. Abiotic+biotic models had higher AUC scores and did not over‐project thrush distributions compared to abiotic‐only or biotic‐only models. From the abiotic+biotic models, I tested for niche conservatism or divergence by accounting for the differences in the availability of niche components by calculating (1) niche overlap from ecological niche models and (2) mean niche differences of environmental values at occurrence points. Niche background similarity tests revealed significant niche divergence in 10 of 12 comparisons, and multivariate tests revealed niche divergence along 2 of 3 niche axes. The Bicknell's Thrush breeds in warmer and wetter regions with a high abundance of balsam fir (Abies balsamea), whereas Gray‐cheeked Thrush often co‐occurs with black spruce (Picea mariana). Niche divergence, rather than conservatism, was the predominant pattern for these species, suggesting that ecological divergence has played a role in the speciation of the Bicknell's Thrush and Gray‐cheeked Thrush. Furthermore, because niche models were improved by the incorporation of biotic variables, this study validates the inclusion of relevant biotic factors in ecological niche modeling to increase model accuracy. 相似文献
17.
Pattarapon Promnun Nontivich Tandavanitj Chalita Kongrit Kritsayam Kongsatree Phinit Kongpraphan Wuttipong Dongkumfu Detanan Kumsuan Jenjit Khudamrongsawat 《Ecology and evolution》2021,11(5):2221
Leiolepis ocellata is a lizard species distributing in topographically diverse habitats in northern Thailand. To explore its evolutionary history, 113 samples of L. ocellata were collected from 11 localities covering its distributional range in northern Thailand, and sequenced for mtDNA fragments (Cyt b and ND2). Pairwise comparisons across sampling localities yielded significant genetic differentiation (F ST and Jost''s D) but no clear pattern of isolation by distance could be demonstrated based on the Mantel test. Phylogenetic and network analyses highlighted six haplogroups. Their divergence times were estimated to occur during the Pleistocene, much more recent than major orogenic events affecting northern Thailand. Instead, the results suggested that lineage divergences, of particularly eastern and western haplogroups of the region, coincided with the major rivers in the region (Yom river and Ping river, respectively), indicating vicariance in response to riverine barriers. Furthermore, ecological niche modeling suggested an expansion of suitable habitats of L. ocellata, when LGM‐liked conditions. This expansion potentially facilitated their dispersal among adjacent localities leading to lineage diversification and genetic admixture, after the riverine divergence. 相似文献
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Elena D. Zemlemerova Danila S. Kostin Vladimir S. Lebedev Aleksey A. Martynov Anton R. Gromov Dmitry Yu. Alexandrov Leonid A. Lavrenchenko 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》2021,59(1):323-340
The naked mole‐rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is used as an animal model in various studies, but not much is known on the genetic diversity of this animal. Here, on the basis of dataset collected from the most part of the distribution range of the naked mole‐rat, we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between its different lineages using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We also mapped the distribution of the main genetic lineages, dated the divergence using different Bayesian tree‐calibration techniques, and modeled the distribution of ecological niches for the period of last glacial maximum. Our results show the existence of two deeply divergent clades designated as the eastern clade (East Ethiopia) and the southern clade (South Ethiopia and North Kenya). Additional phylogeographic structure was demonstrated for each of these two clades. Divergence between these two main lineages dated back to the Middle Pleistocene (ca. 1.4–0.8 Mya) and may have been related to climate changes in Africa during the Mid‐Pleistocene Revolution. In light of substantial genetic differences between the eastern and southern lineages of the naked mole‐rat, these two clades can be considered as two deeply divergent subspecies or even as distinct species. 相似文献