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1.
翼萼蔓属Pterygocalyx Maximowicz(1859)建立的一个单型属,为温带亚洲分布类型(吴征镒,1991)。该属的成立,得到何廷农等(1991,1998)、Toyokumi(1963)、Kitamura et al.(1957)、Ohwi(1953)、Hara(1949)等的支持。另一些学持不同观点,如Grossheim(1952)、林容(1993)、Gilg(1949)等学把  相似文献   

2.
杨健  刘洪波 《兽类学报》2005,25(3):307-309
白暨豚(Lipotes vexillifer)是仅分布于我国长江中下游水域的一种珍稀濒危动物。长江水体污染(如有毒元素等)被认为可能是白暨豚种群致危的主要因素之一(Yang,1997)。迄今,有关白暨豚体内微量元素的研究尚很少,只有陆佩洪等(1983)、杨利寿等(1988)曾报道过白暨豚组织中铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、  相似文献   

3.
<正>猞猁(Lynx lynx)为食肉目(Carnivora)猫科(Felidae)动物,是国家二级重点保护野生动物,在我国主要分布于北方各省(蒋志刚等2015)。猞猁的食谱较广,包括小型啮齿类、蒙古兔(Lepus tolai)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、马鹿(Cervus elaphus)、狍(Capreolus capreolus)、岩羚羊(Rupicapra rupicapra)、鸟类、昆虫类和植物等(Odden et al. 2006,Krofel et al. 2011,唐书培等2019),  相似文献   

4.
针叶小爪螨在吉林延边危害的首次报道   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
针叶小爪螨Oligonychus ununguis(Jacobi)隶属于叶螨科Tetranychidae,小爪螨属Oligonychus.从已有的报道看,其寄主植物有黑松(Pinus thunbergii)、赤松(P.densiflora)、椴松(P.jezoensis)、雪松(Cedrus deodara)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、云杉(Picea asperata)、日本柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica)、侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)、龙柏(Sabina chinensis)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)等针叶树和板栗(Castanea mollissima)、日本栗(C.crenata)、麻栎(Quercus acutissima)、栓皮栎(Q.variabilis)、桴栎(Q.serratat)、槲树(Q.dentata)、山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida)等阔叶树,共计60余种.  相似文献   

5.
四种林蛙核型及银带研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
林蛙又称棕蛙(brownfrog),是广布欧洲、亚洲和北美洲的一个自然类群,约有28种,我国记载达10种(谢锋,1995)。国内对2n=26的林蛙染色体研究报道主要有李树深等(1981,1982)、王子淑等(1983)、陈文元等(1983)、韦今来(...  相似文献   

6.
几种不同食性鱼类部分血液生化指标的比较研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
温安祥  周定刚 《四川动物》2005,24(4):518-522
采用7020型全自动生化分析仪,测定了黄鳝、鲤鱼、草鱼和鳙鱼血清中总蛋白(TP)、血糖(BG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、肌酐(creafinine)、尿素(Urea)、尿酸(UA)、磷(P)、钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)和镁(Mg)等11项生化指标,比较研究了这几种不同食性鱼类生化指标的差异.为期二周的饥饿试验,表明黄鳝和鲤鱼等在饥饿状态下生化指标的变化存在较大不同.  相似文献   

7.
在姜科山姜属(Alpinia)植物中,有些种类是著名的中药,如红豆蔻(A. galanga)、益智(A. oxyphylla)、高良姜(A. officinarum)和草豆蔻(A. katsumadai );还有一些种类,如箭秆风(A.stachyoides)、华山姜(A. chinensis)和节鞭山姜(A. conchigera)等可做民间草药使用。该属植物除普遍含有挥发油成分外,过去国内外学者从中还分离到不少活性物质,如二芳基庚烷类(diarylheptanoids)、黄酮类、萜类等,这些成分大都有抗凝血、抗溃疡、抗肿瘤及强心等功效。另外,山姜属植物中的艳山姜(A. zerumbet)、美山姜(A. formosa…  相似文献   

8.
通过对我国学者近2年在国内外发表的相关论文进行检索和整理,分类综述针对神经退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等)、心血管疾病(如高血压、心律失常、心衰、冠心病、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化等)、脑血管疾病、代谢类疾病(如肥胖症、血脂异常、脂肪肝、糖尿病等)、感染性疾病(如艾滋病、流感、结核病等)、恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病等多种疾病的药物作用靶点研究最新进展。  相似文献   

9.
姜科姜黄属(Curcuma)植物共有50余种,均为多年生草本,主要分布在东南亚地区,一些种类在印度、中国、印度尼西亚(爪哇)和泰国等国家广泛栽培。中国有姜黄(C.longa)、莪术(C.zedoaria)、郁金(C.aromatica)等几种,分布在...  相似文献   

10.
疱疹病毒对抗病毒药物抗性的回顾   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
文立民 《微生物与感染》1995,18(1):14-16,26
本文就单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)、水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)、人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)、EB病毒(EBV)等疱疹病毒的抗病毒药物,产生抗性的机理和抗病毒治疗的策略等方面进行了回顾。  相似文献   

11.
广西杧果病虫害调查初报   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对广西24个市(县)杧果病虫害进行了系统的调查。发现病害有20种,主要为白粉病、炭疽病、细菌性角斑病、蒂腐病等,其中杧果水泡病、杧果畸型病和杧果红点病为国内新发现的杧果病害;发现害虫94种,隶属于8目38科,主要为杧果小齿螟Pseudonoorda minor Munroe、杧果横线尾夜蛾Chlumetia transversa Walker、杧果茶黄蓟马Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood、桔小实蝇Dacus dorsalis Hendel、杧果扁喙叶蝉Idioscopus incertus Baker等。腹足纲有害生物1种。  相似文献   

12.
银杏幼苗死亡原因的探究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
造成银杏幼苗死亡的主要原因是日灼、根腐、茎腐以及虫害等。日灼不仅直接导致银杏的幼苗死亡,还可间接诱导茎窝病的发生甚至流行。  相似文献   

13.
Transgenic approach offers an attractive alternative to conventional techniques for the genetic improvement of Basmati rice because they enable the introduction of one or more genes into a leading cultivar without affecting its genetic background. During the last ten years, a rapid progress has been made towards the development of transformation methods in rice. Several transformation methods including Agrobacterium, biolistic, and DNA uptake by protoplasts, have been employed to produce transgenic rice. An array of useful genes is now available and many of these have already been transferred in rice to improve the resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In Basmati rice, a beginning has already been made regarding the development of tissue culture protocols, transformation methods and production of useful transgenic plants. The application and future prospects of transformation technology to engineer the resistance against insect pests (stem borer, leaf folder, brown plant hopper, gall midge), fungal diseases (blast, bakanae/foot, rot), bacterial diseases (bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight), abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) and improved nutritional quality (accumulation of provitamin A and essential amino acids in endosperm) in Basmati rice, have been addressed.  相似文献   

14.
槟榔幼苗健壮程度直接影响槟榔植株前期的生长速度、中后期的果品品质及最终的果实产量.本文综述了槟榔幼苗期发生的主要生理性病害(白化、日灼、肥害)、侵染性病害(炭疽病、大茎点霉叶斑病、枯萎病)以及虫害(椰圆蚧、基斑毒蛾、斑腿蝗虫、红蜘蛛、黑刺粉虱)的发生症状、防治方法等.根据槟榔育苗期病虫害的发生规律,探索各种病害、虫害的防治方法,以期为槟榔苗期病虫害防治提供参考.  相似文献   

15.
水稻是一种重要的粮食作物。而选育高抗性良种是有效防治病虫的危害,增加水稻单位面积产量的一项关键措施。了解水稻本身抗性的遗传信息是进行抗性育种的基础。现代生物技术的发展为抗性育种提供了新途径。本文较系统地概述了水稻对稻瘟病、白叶枯病、稻飞虱、稻叶蝉抗性基因定位及相关分子标记研究的最新发展,为利用分子标记进行水稻抗性育种及抗性基因克隆提供参考文献。  相似文献   

16.
European or Persian Walnut (Juglans regia) is an important and healthy food as well as base material of timber industry. Several pests (pathogens and insect pests) may cause serious damages on walnut. These are less known on the crop land of the tree. Results of some years of our experiments including bacteriological and mycological studies, are presented in this paper. The optimum time of chemical protection against the walnut blight (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis) was determined. Occurrences of pathogenic fungi were surveyed in an orchard and on home garden trees in Hungary (18 fungus species were identified). The following experimental results are reported on the pathogenic fungi: cultivar resistance to walnut anthracnose (Gnomonia leptostyla), dying of wood parts in the cultivar collection, application of the spore trap, in vitro fungicide testing against Phomopsis juglandina.  相似文献   

17.
Agricultural chemical companies have invested in the discovery and development of biological pesticides to complement synthetic pesticides for the control of insects, diseases, and weeds on agronomic and horticultural crops. For plant disease control, companies envisage biological fungicides entering markets where they have the best chance of performing and which are most receptive to using biological control methods. Fewer regulatory requirements can mean faster registration for a biological than a synthetic pesticide. However, industry’s requirements for competitive performance, effective formulations, and economic production can mean significant investments in time and money for a biological pesticide, although total investment may be less than for a synthetic pesticide. One biocontrol project in which industry has invested is baculoviruses for insect control. Insect baculoviruses, genetically modified to kill insects faster than wild-type viruses, are attractive biocontrol agents because their selectivity to insect pests and safety to beneficial insects and mammals enable them to compete with synthetic insecticides. Industry is looking for similar biocontrol opportunities in disease control. Biocontrol agents for seedling disease, root rot, and postharvest disease control have been registered by the EPA and are trying to compete with synthetic fungicides for market share. To date, effective biocontrol agents have not been identified for the control of serious foliar diseases, such as grape downy mildew, potato late blight, wheat powdery mildew, and apple scab. Farmers must rely on synthetic fungicides and agronomic methods to control these diseases for the foreseeable future. Received 06 February 1997/ Accepted in revised form 01 June 1997  相似文献   

18.
玉米种质资源对六种重要病虫害的抗性鉴定与评价   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
在2003-2005年间,对604份玉米种质进行了抗弯孢菌叶斑病和玉米螟鉴定,筛选出抗弯孢菌叶斑病的材料93份,抗玉米螟材料22份。2006-2009年间,对836份玉米种质进行了抗大斑病、茎腐病、穗腐病和瘤黑粉病的鉴定与评价,筛选出一批高抗和多抗的资源。在836份资源中,对大斑病1、2和N号3个生理小种具有抗性的材料均为50%左右;抗茎腐病材料为41.3%,高抗和抗性种质分别为264和81份;穗腐病高抗和抗性种质分别为5和171份,占比为21.1%;瘤黑粉病高抗和抗性种质各261和14份,占总鉴定材料的32.9%。上述结果表明抗大斑病、茎腐病和瘤黑粉病的种质资源较为丰富。通过对抗性结果进行对比分析,发现不同生态区玉米种质的抗性强弱以及抗性多样性存在明显差异,黑龙江和内蒙古的种质对病虫害的抗性强弱及多样性程度明显高于四川种质。此外,玉米自交系对病虫害的抗性强弱以及多抗性程度高于农家种。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Cotton production in Nigeria causes fluctuating socio-economic and biotic factors. Bacterial blight induced by Xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum causes the greatest yield loss annually. A study was therefore carried out to investigate the resurgence of the disease on 10 different cotton genotypes in Dowaya, Kem and Ngurore which are the major cotton areas of Adamawa state of Nigeria under field conditions. Other objectives were to determine the relationship between the different manifestations of bacterial blight and the yield of seed cotton and to identify resistance in the selected genotypes to the disease manifestations. Results revealed the presence of angular leaf spot, vein and boll rot manifestations of the disease in the study areas. The absence of vein blight symptoms in the Kem location did not result in higher yield because the severity of the leaf spot for this location was relatively higher than for the other two locations. Results also revealed that despite the high severity of angular leaf spot, high boll rot and vein blight incidences observed particularly on SAMCOT-11, SAMCOT-13 and ex-Benin in these locations with a high yield of seed cotton was recorded. The three multi-adversity resistant genotypes (MAR), TX-CDP37HH-1-83, TAMCOT SP-21S and TAMCOT CAMD-E recorded relatively lower severity and incidences in both cases. There was, however, a significantly negative correlation between angular leaf spot severity, boll rot incidence and yield at Kem location, significant negative correlation between angular leaf spot severity, boll rot incidence, vein blight and yield at Dowaya location, as well as significant negative correlation between angular leaf spot severity, vein blight and yield at Ngurore location. The tolerant and high yielding SAMCOT-11, SAMCOT-13 and ex-Benin should through breeding work be improved to be used for production in this area and its surroundings.  相似文献   

20.
国外松衰退病原因的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
对安徽省国外松大面积衰退和枯死原因的调查研究表明,造成这种衰退和枯死的现象是多方面因素共同作用的结果,是一种林木衰退病,该衰退病的发生原因:1)诱发因素:温度年较差较大、年降雨量分布不均镁、土壤粘重板结或容重过大、地势低汪积水、土壤瘠薄、林分密度过大;2)激化因素:干旱严重重复发生、割脂过早过度、霜冻、食叶害虫等害虫危害;松针褐斑病等病害侵害;3)促进因素:松枯梢病菌、根腐病菌、立木腐配病菌、天牛、小蠹虫等害虫危害。  相似文献   

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