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1.
最近在广西崇左木榄山智人洞遗址采集到1件具有现代智人解剖特征初始状态的下颌骨和丰富的哺乳动物化石。啮齿类中的鼠科化石有锡金小鼠(Mus pahari)、中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)、黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)、似德氏狨鼠(Hapalomys cf.H.delacouri)、笔尾树鼠(Chiropodomys gliroides)、社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)、针毛鼠(Niviventer fulvescens)、爱氏巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)、印度板齿鼠(Bandicota indica)、褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)和黄毛鼠(Rattus losea)共8属11种。这种全部由当地或邻近地区现生种类构成的组合显然比当地早更新世的三合大洞和川黔地区中更新世歌乐山期的鼠类组合进步, 而与广西田东雾云洞的鼠类组合相似, 其动物群的时代为晚更新世早期, 与不平衡铀系法得到的测年结果(距今约11万年)相吻合。智人洞鼠科动物的组合明显具有东洋界热带-亚热带动物群的特点, 其中林灌和草地型所占比例较大表明当时的森林面积可能减少、林灌和草地面积可能增加, 反映出当时的气候相对干旱。 相似文献
2.
系统记述了广西崇左公鸡山与智人伴生的动物群中的偶蹄类:文中小猪(Sus xiaozhu wenzhongi subsp.nov.)、裴氏猪相似种(Sus cf.peii)、麂未定种(Muntiacus sp.)、水鹿相似种(Cervus(Rusa.)cf.C.(R.)unicolor)、山羊亚科属种未定(Caprinae gen.et sp.indet.)和大额牛未定种(Bos(Bibos)sp.)。公鸡山偶蹄类及其他伴生哺乳动物指示的地质时代为中更新世至晚更新世早期,那时这一地区的气候温暖潮湿,是近水的森林和灌丛环境,并镶嵌有一些草甸和草坡。 相似文献
3.
中国目前较为可靠的早期智人牙齿材料应包括在巢县、许家窑、长阳、周口店新洞和桐梓发现的人类牙齿化石,代表一类与早期组早期智人相当或十分相近的古人类。丁村人类牙齿化石可能是代表晚期组早期智人也可能是代表解剖学上的现代智人。就牙齿材料而言,尚无充分的证据能表明在中国曾同时存在过两种类型的早期智人。 相似文献
4.
安徽巢湖早期智人的牙齿磨耗和早期智人前部齿工具机能假说 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
巢湖早期智人的前部齿重度磨耗较大可能是与前部齿行使习惯上的非咀嚼性机能和经常啃咬坚韧的食物有关。如果早期智人前部齿的工具机能被理解为既包括非咀嚼性的也包括咀嚼性的,则早期智人前部齿工具机能假说可用来解释巢湖早期智人的前部齿重度磨耗现象,而巢湖早期智人将是出自东亚的支持这一假说的首例化石材料。 相似文献
5.
最近在贵州毕节麻窝口洞发现了3枚古人类牙齿化石和伴生的哺乳动物群。其中,古人类牙齿经初步研究可归入解剖学上的现代人,而与古人类相伴的大、小哺乳动物化石,经初步鉴定共计8目20科43属53种。本文系统记述了该动物群中大哺乳动物的典型代表——长鼻类化石,共2属2种:东方剑齿象(Stegodon orientalis)和亚洲象(Elephas maximus)。麻窝口洞的长鼻类缺失我国南方早更新世的典型种类——中华乳齿象(Sinomastodon)和华南剑齿象(Stegodon huananensis),具有从典型的中更新世大熊猫-剑齿象动物群(Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna)向晚更新世亚洲象动物群(Asian elephant fauna)过渡的特征。依动物群的性质和地貌地层的特征,毕节麻窝口洞的智人及伴生动物群的地质时代很可能为中更新世晚期或晚更新世早期,这与堆积物的光释光年代测定的初步结果(距今约11.2-17.8万年)基本吻合。麻窝口洞东方剑齿象与亚洲象的组合明显具有东洋界亚热带动物群的特点,指示温暖潮湿的气候,这些长鼻类与智人等生存于近水的森林和灌丛中,并镶嵌了一些草地。 相似文献
6.
宜良九乡张口洞发现的旧石器 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文记述了从张口洞出土的人牙４０枚、哺乳动物化石１９２３件、旧石器材料１８２６件及少量骨器．石工具中修背和修理把手有显著表现．张口洞石器工业属元谋－宜良（路南）区域性文化,兼有猫猫洞类型文化的影响,时代为晚更新世至早全新世． 相似文献
7.
最近在广西崇左泊岳山巨猿洞采集到大量步氏巨猿、猩猩、长臂猿等高等灵长类及伴生的属种丰富的哺乳动物化石。本文系统记述了该化石点小哺乳动物群中的优势群体——鼠科化石:似锡金小鼠(Mus cf.M.pahari)、似大林姬鼠(Apodemus cf.A.peninsulae)、细狨鼠(Hapalomys gracilis)、狭齿狨鼠(Hapalomys angustidens)、先社鼠(Niviventer preconfucianus)、安氏白腹鼠(Niviventer andersoni)、拟爱氏巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsioides)和似始家鼠(Rattus cf.R.pristinus)共6属8种,其中包括了5个绝灭种。研究表明,泊岳山巨猿洞鼠类主要属种的形态特征显然要比同地区的三合大洞显得原始,而较相似于重庆巫山龙骨坡的相关鼠类,因此推测其时代为早更新世早期,这与古地磁的测年结果(距今约180万年)相吻合。泊岳山巨猿洞的鼠类大部分均为东洋界成员以及树栖、半树栖及林地生活的种类,反映当时的自然景观为热带-亚热带的森林-林灌环境。泊岳山巨猿洞鼠科化石的研究丰富了我国南方早更新世巨猿-中华乳齿象动物群中小哺乳动物化石的记录,这对于探讨我国南方第四纪生物地层的划分将提供重要的信息。 相似文献
8.
广西扶绥县南山洞发现人类化石及哺乳动物化石。人类化石包括2枚智人牙齿化石,分别是左下第三臼齿和右下第二臼齿,其形态特征与广西其他山洞发现的智人化石相似,归入晚期智人。哺乳动物化石多为华南大熊猫———剑齿象动物群成员,时代属更新世晚期。该地点新发现的蒙古野驴化石属华南晚更新世动物群的首次发现。南山洞所有化石发现于洞内浅褐色砂质粘土中,堆积物第二层钙板层的铀系年龄为30—40ka。蒙古野驴的出现暗示中国南方大陆可能在末次冰期出现过干冷的气候环境。 相似文献
9.
10.
中国与欧洲的早期智人头骨在颧骨额蝶突前外侧面的朝向、颧颌角、上颌骨颧突、鼻区、上面部高度、额鼻额颌缝形状、眉间区、矢状脊、印加骨和铲形门齿诸特征的形态或出现率等方面有明显差异。那时此两大地区存在相对独立的人类进化线,其间还有一定程度的基因交流。当时此两地区的人类居群分属于不同的人种。这一假说还可从古文化和古环境的资料得到支持。 相似文献
11.
WU Xiu-jie; JIN Chang-zhu; CAIYan-jun; ZHANGYing-qi; WANGYuan; QIN Da-gong; PAN Wen-shi 《人类学学报》2013,32(03):293
Between 2007 and 2008, three human fossils were found in Zhirendong, Chongzuo, Guangxi. Zhiren I is a small piece of alveolar bone around the second or third right mandibular molar. Zhiren II is a single right mandibular third or second molar. Zhiren III is the anterior portion of a mandible with 8 full alveoli present. They are dated by U-series to 100±ka BP. The Zhiren fossils are the earliest modern humans in East Asia and present a suite of dentoalveolar abnormalities. Zhiren I shows strong bone resorption around the apices of the roots, which are largely exposed. The Zhiren I individual was suffering from serious periodontitis. The Zhiren II molar has a severe carious and large lesion on the distal surface, which extends from the root of the tooth over the cement-enamel junction to the occlusal surface, and the pulp chamber is exposed. It is likely that there was pulpal infection and necrosis. Around the roots of the Zhiren II, ?there ?is ? a ?large ?area ?of ?white ?calcification,? probably ?from ?inflammation? of? periodontal? disease.? The Zhiren III mandible has dental crowding, bilateral I1 rotation (winging), and bilateral mesial premolar (P3) periapical lesions. Presumably, supernumerary cusps were situated at the occlusal surface of the bilateral premolars of the Zhiren III individual, and this elevation sooner or later became damaged or broke off during tooth use. The root canal opened, the pulp chamber became infected and caused the bilateral mesial premolar periapical lesions. Dental caries in Middle and Late Pleistocene are very rare. The Zhiren II dental caries is the earliest case found in China and East Asia. It supplies new evidence in understanding the origin and history of the caries. 相似文献
12.
LIU Wu; WU Xian-zhu; WU Xiu-jie; ZHOU Mi 《人类学学报》2010,29(01):1
From 2004 to 2006 three excavations in the Huanglong Cave, Yunxi County, Hubei Province unearthed seven human teeth. In the present study, the tooth wear and tooth use were observed for the seven human teeth. The result indicates that except for the normal tooth wear caused by the tooth contacts, some special tooth use marks were also identified, which include enamel damage and chipping, enamel damage on the labial surface of upper lateral incisor and interproximal grooves in the upper anterior teeth. It's worth noting that all the tooth use marks were found in the anterior teeth regardless of upper and lower teeth. Among them, enamel damage and chippings are mainly found in the regions of crown labial side of upper incisors and crown lingual side all adjacent to incisal edges. With these findings, we guess that the late Pleistocene humans living in the Huanglong Cave used their anterior teeth for gnawing, holding, peeling, or maybe used their anterior teeth as tools. The interproximal grooves in the upper anterior teeth suggest that the humans conducted tooth-picking frequently. The tooth use marks of the Huanglong Cave humans were closely related to the activities of obtaining and processing the meat or ligaments attached in the bones. The Huanglong Cave human's food compositions may contain more meats. 相似文献
13.
湖北郧西黄龙洞更新世晚期人类牙齿磨耗与使用痕迹 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2004—2006年在黄龙洞发现的7枚人类牙齿磨耗与使用痕迹的观察显示: 除具有正常牙齿相互接触造成的磨耗外, 黄龙洞人类牙齿还呈现出一些特殊的使用痕迹, 包括明显的前部牙齿釉质破损与崩裂、上颌侧门齿齿冠唇面釉质破损、上颌前部牙齿齿间邻接面沟等。根据这些牙齿使用痕迹集中在前部牙齿, 釉质破损与崩裂主要分布在靠近切缘的上颌门齿唇面及下颌门齿舌面的情况, 推测生活在黄龙洞的更新世晚期人类经常使用前部牙齿从事啃咬、叼衔、或剥离等动作, 并可能将前部牙齿作为工具使用。分布在前部牙齿的齿间邻接面沟提示当时人类经常从事剔牙活动。黄龙洞人类前部牙齿的使用痕迹与当时人类获取、处理及食用附着在骨骼上的筋或肉的动作密切相关, 当时人类的食物构成中可能包含有较多的肉类及粗纤维植物。 相似文献
14.
Denise C. Hodges 《American journal of physical anthropology》1991,85(4):367-377
The potential role of dental function in TMJ osteoarthritis is examined in an ancient British population. Human skeletal remains from five archaeological sites in England (n = 369) were studied to assess the associations between the presence of osteoarthritis and dental function variables, in particular antemortem tooth loss and dental attrition. Individuals aged over 17 years with at least a portion of either the left or right TMJ were included in the study. Each individual was scored for the occurrence of arthritic lesions on the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa, the level of dental attrition, and antemortem tooth loss. A loglinear analysis was performed with osteoarthritis as the dependent variable and tooth loss, attrition, sex, and age as the independent variables. Tooth loss and sex are not significantly associated with TMJ osteoarthritis when attrition and age are included in the analysis. Attrition is significantly associated with osteoarthritis even when the analysis corrects for age. The significant association of attrition with osteoarthritis suggests that dental functions may have an influence, separate from ageing, on the development of TMJ osteoarthritis. 相似文献
15.
The Xiaohe cemetery is an important Early Bronze Age cemetery in Lop Nur, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The degree of wear and calculus deposition was observed and quantified using statistics. We also used some simple statistics on the other oral diseases, such as temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, dental abscesses, and ante mortem tooth loss. This study found the following results. Compared to other ancient populations in China, Xiaohe human teeth were characterized by a high degree of tooth wear and with a higher frequency of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and maxillary torus. Front and rear teeth wear was unremarkable. We believe that the manner of food processing in the Xiaohe populations was relatively simple, with more tough foods eaten than in other groups. On the other hand, the economic lifestyle and foods of the Xiaohe residents was complex with different foods causing different attrition levels, with the environment playing a role. The severe dental calculus deposition shown in the Xiaohe populations was attributed to a high protein, carbohydrate diet, and due to water quality. Statistical analysis showed that Xiaohe populations had sexual differences in canine tooth wear, implying women and men had a division of skills within the family. 相似文献
16.
Claire M. Cassidy 《American journal of physical anthropology》1977,46(2):291-296
The mandible of a Sadlermiut Eskimo woman, age at death 28 to 30 years, displays numerous well-formed foramina concentrated bilaterally around the mental foramina. Differential diagnosis identifies this lesion with highest probability as a metastatic cancerous lesion; of less likelihood are sarcoma, hyperparathyroidism, hemangioma, and osteomyelitis. The specimen deserves attention because identification of malignancy in paleopathological material is uncommon and difficult, and because malignancies in aboriginal Eskimo populations are reputed to have been rare or absent. 相似文献
17.
小河墓地是新疆罗布泊地区一处重要的早期青铜时代墓地。本文主要对该墓地出土颅骨所附牙齿的磨耗程度及牙结石沉积状况进行了观察、量化统计和分析,同时也对该人群其他的口腔疾病如根尖脓肿、颞下颌关节病变、生前牙齿脱落等做了简单的统计,以期从古病理学的角度获取当时居民的口腔健康、食物类型和饮食习惯等信息。本研究发现:1)小河人群的牙齿磨耗程度远远高于对比组的古代居民,其上腭圆枕及颞下颌关节炎出现率较高,存在牙齿崩裂现象,且其前后部牙齿磨耗差异不大。这一方面说明其食物加工技术比较落后,食物粗糙坚硬;另一方面小河居民的经济生活方式和食物构成都比较复杂,不同的食物对前部和后部牙齿磨耗的程度造成了不同的影响;此外,小河人群风沙肆虐的生活环境也对其严重牙齿磨耗的形成产生了一定影响。2)小河人群异常严重的牙结石沉积归功于其高蛋白质和碳水化合物的饮食,以及生活用水的水质。3)统计分析发现两性存在上、下颌犬齿的磨耗差异,而这一情况可能暗示了在家庭手工业方面存在男女分工的现象。 相似文献
18.
K J Reichs 《American journal of physical anthropology》1989,79(3):289-303
The skeleton of an adult female exhibiting evidence of treponemal infection was recently recovered from the Hardin site in the piedmont region of North Carolina. Archaeological indicators suggest a late prehistoric affiliation. The skeleton is affected by a diffuse process resulting in surface changes, both destructive and appositional, node formation and shaft expansion, medullary encroachment and filling, cortical thickening, and fracture. There is both cranial and postcranial involvement. While treponemal infection is indicated, the atypical nature of the total pattern raises the possibility of multiple pathological processes operating simultaneously. The significance of this case is threefold. It provides information on the ability of prehistoric peoples to cope with disease. It reminds the paleopathologist of the dangers inherent in attempts at singular and specific diagnoses. It sheds new light on the epidemiology of the treponemal diseases. 相似文献
19.
Dental enamel chipping is a specific dental wear feature indicative of behaviors and tooth-use during the life of an individual. Enamel chipping provides information on consistency and texture of food, the methods of obtaining and processing food, and the use of dentition for non-masticatory behaviors. Despite the utility of dental chipping for reconstructing aspects of prehistoric human lifeways, the prevalence and patterning of enamel chipping for Late Pleistocene humans is especially rare. In the present study, the size, frequency, and patterning of enamel chippings among Late Pleistocene humans from the Maomaodong site, Xingyi, Guizhou Province in Southwest China are analyzed. The results show that enamel chipping occurs on the post-canine dentitions of two of the three individuals. The small sample does not allow extensive comparisons, but the rates of chipping are similar to those documented in other foraging groups. The chips were found exclusively on molars of the more heavily worn dentitions. Similarly, there is an age-related component to the presence of periodontal disease, whereby only the two older adults exhibit periodontal disease (in addition to enamel chipping). We suggest that enamel chipping is primarily related to the inclusion of small, hard items in the diet. The chips are numerous, but relatively small – probably related to dietary grit and food processing techniques. Periodontal disease is indicative of a relatively high morbidity in older adults from Maomaodong. In addition, multiple occurrences of enamel chippings on nearly all enamel chipped molars suggest a long time consumption of rough and hard foods by the Maomaodong humans. 相似文献
20.
C L Lavelle 《American journal of physical anthropology》1972,36(2):213-219
The mandibular and tooth dimensions were measured on a total of 210 specimens from Romano-British, Anglo-Saxon and nineteenth century times. The measurements were subsequently compared by means of univariate and multivariate techniques. The results indicated that the mandibular dimensions decreased more than tooth dimensions between Romano-British and nineteenth century periods, but did not discriminate whether such mandibular changes occurred primarily in the ramus or corpus of the mandible. 相似文献