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1.
不同流速下红鳍银鲫趋流行为与耗氧率的变化   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
在28℃水温下,使用特制的鱼类游泳行为和活动代谢同步测定装置对红鳍银鲫(Barbodes schwanenfeldi)幼鱼在0 m/s、0.1 m/s、0.3 m/s、0.5 m/s 4种流速条件下的趋流行为和耗氧率进行了同步测定和统计分析.结果表明: 红鳍银鲫在静水下的游泳活动表现出随机而无特定的方向性,当流速达到0.3 m/s以上时则呈现很强的趋流性.和静水对照组相比,三个流速实验组在各个时间段的趋流率、摆尾频率和耗氧率均显著上升,其中多数时间段以0.3 m/s流速组最大,0.5 m/s流速组次之.低流速组(0,0.1 m/s)三个指标在90 min内随时间变化不显著,而高流速组(0.3,0.5 m/s)随时间变化明显.红鳍银鲫在90 min各个时间段摆尾频率(Tail beat frequency)与趋流率(Rheotaxis frequency)均呈显著的线性相关,其回归关系式为:RF=a bTBF,a值在41.13-55.02、b值在8.0 7-11.42、R在0.69-0.95之间;摆尾频率和耗氧率(Oxygen consumption rate)同样呈 显著的线性相关,其回归关系式为:OCR=a bTBF,a值在77.38-137.42, b值在10.85-59.36,R在0.87-0.96之间.0.3 m/s流速下红鳍银鲫趋流率、摆尾频率和耗氧率24 h的变化规律为:实验开始时三个指标均随时间延长而逐渐增大,在3 h达到最大值,然后开始下降并长时间维持在一定水平上,其中耗氧率在最初3 h的增幅显著大于趋流率和摆尾频率,而随后回落的幅度却小于前两者.在较高流速下,红鳍银鲫幼鱼不能长期保持趋流状态和维持较高的代谢水平  相似文献   

2.
流速对红鳍银鲫幼鱼游泳状态的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
在28℃水温下,采用特制的鱼类游泳行为测定装置,研究体重(125.94±13.87)g的红鳍银鲫(Barbodes schwanenfeldi)幼鱼在0.0m/s(对照组)和0.1m/s、0.3m/s、0.5m/s3种流速下的游泳行为。结果表明,从0.0~0.3m/s,红鳍银鲫幼鱼平均趋流率和摆尾频率均随着流速的增加而增大,而0.5m/s组在90min内随时间延长而下降。红鳍银鲫游泳状态明显受到所处流速的影响,在静水对照组以"逆流前进"和"顺流而下"为主,两者共占总观察时间的98%以上;各流速组均以逆流静止为主,且随着流速的增大,逆流静止所占时间比例从45.8%增加至81.3%,而逆流前进所占时间比例由24.1%减至5%以下;逆流后退所占时间比例以0.1m/s组最大,为16.4%;顺流而下的比例随着流速增大先减小后增大,3个流速组依次为13.7%、2.1%和10.9%。红鳍银鲫幼鱼的游泳速度(V)和摆尾频率(TBF)在逆流前进及逆流静止两种游泳状态下呈线性正相关,而在逆流后退和顺流而下两种状态下两者没有显著相关。  相似文献   

3.
不同流速对鱇(鱼良)白鱼游泳行为的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在25℃水温下,采用特制的鱼类游泳行为测定装置对实验鱼在静水和0.1、0.2和0.25 m·s-1流速下的游泳状态、游泳速度、趋流率和摆尾频率等参数进行测定,研究水流速度对鱇(鱼良)白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)游泳行为的影响.结果表明:有流速组的趋流率显著高于静水组,但不同流速组间的趋流率无显著差别;在0 ~0.2 m·s-1流速范围内,摆尾频率随流速加快而显著增大,但在0.25 m·s-1流速下40 min后摆尾频率显著低于0.2m·s-1流速组;随着流速的增大,主要游泳状态由逆流前进变为逆流静止;在有流速组,顺流而下状态所占时间比例相对其他游泳状态都较少;在逆流游泳的3种状态中,游泳速度均随流速的增加而增大,在顺流而下状态中,游泳速度和水速间无显著相关;游泳速度、摆尾频率和水流速度两两之间均存在显著的线性相关.  相似文献   

4.
流速对细鳞裂腹鱼游泳行为及能量消耗影响的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过自制密封的鱼类游泳实验装置,研究了流速对细鳞裂腹鱼游泳行为和能量消耗的影响。结果显示,细鳞裂腹鱼的摆尾频率随游泳速度的变化有明显的变化规律,摆尾频率随着流速的增加而显著性的增加,而摆尾幅度有减小趋势,差异性不显著。结果还表明,(26±1)℃时,(10.60±0.54)cm细鳞裂腹鱼的相对临界游泳速度为(11.5±0.5)BL/s,绝对临界游泳速度为(110.28±2.02)cm/s。测定的相对临界流速较其他的鲤科鱼大,是对生存水流环境(流速0.5—1.5m/s)适应性的表现。这一结果表明鱼类的游泳能力是能够训练的。运动代谢率与相对流速的关系为,AMR=93.08e(0.307v)+314.33,R2=0.994;单位距离能耗与流速的指数关系为COT=28e(1.03V)+6.05,R2=0.998。流速达到8 BL/s时,裂腹鱼耗氧率开始下降,从流速7 BL/s时,(1245.57±90.97)mg O2/(kg.h)最大,下降到(978.78±189.38)mg O2/(kg.h)。1—7 BL/s流速范围内,裂腹鱼单位时间内的耗氧率随着游泳速度的增加而增加,而且随着游泳速度的增加,单位距离能耗(COT)逐渐减少,最小能耗在6倍体长流速,0.68 m/s时,为(6.00±1.57)J/(kg.m),其能量利用效率最大。  相似文献   

5.
亚成体巨须裂腹鱼游泳能力及活动代谢研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以野生雅鲁藏布江巨须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax macropogon)为对象,通过自制的鱼类游泳实验装置,测定了4个温度(5、10、15和18℃)梯度下亚成体巨须裂腹鱼的临界游泳速度(Ucrit)及流速变化对耗氧率的影响,并通过摄像记录分析了不同游泳速度下的游泳行为。野生亚成体巨须裂腹鱼的临界游速随着温度的变化呈近似线性的递增趋势(P<0.001),4个温度下的绝对临界游速(Ucrit-a)分别为(0.88±0.07)、(1.09±0.07)、(1.24±0.15)和(1.49±0.15)m/s;若以单位时间内游过的体长倍数(BL/s)表示,相对临界游速(Ucrit-r)分别为(3.96±0.21)、(4.4±0.16)、(4.9±0.18)和(5.35±0.14)BL/s。根据不同温度及流速下耗氧率的变化情况,采用非线性拟合得到了4个温度梯度下耗氧率与游泳速度关系的幂函数模型(P<0.05)。模型表明耗氧率随游泳速度的增大而增加,且温度越高耗氧率随游泳速度的变化越显著。4个温度下的速度指数分别为2.4、2.6,2.8及3.1,表明有氧运动的效率随温度升高有所降低。在自然水温条件下(5—9℃),摆尾频率(TBF)与流速的关系呈线性正相关(P<0.001),而运动步长(Ls)的变化与流速没有显著关系,出现由高至低再升高的三个阶段。录像分析表明在流速逐渐增加的过程中,巨须裂腹鱼采用了三种不同的游泳方式,以实现降低能量消耗的目的。研究可为鱼道等过鱼设施的设计提供参考,对数量日益减少的巨须裂腹鱼保护具有较大的意义。  相似文献   

6.
张倩  康斌 《动物学研究》2013,34(4):429-436
为探讨团头鲂幼鱼(Megalobrama amblycephala)游泳行为对水流的响应规律,该文通过特制鱼类游泳行为测定装置,测定了团头鲂幼鱼在25℃,0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4m/s流速条件下的游速、游距、转角、至中心点的距离及游泳轨迹。结果表明:随着流速的增大,个体游速、游距及转角值均相应增大。0、0.1及0.2m/s流速组间的游速、游距及转角差异均不显著(P>0.05),但显著小于0.3和0.4m/s组别,且0.3和0.4m/s流速组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);整个时间段内,个体至中心点的距离随流速增大并未呈现明显规律性,各流速间差异不显著(P>0.05),游速与游距呈显著线性正相关,而与转角呈显著线性负相关,与至中心点的距离则无相关性;游泳轨迹随水流增大趋向复杂化。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨鲻幼鱼的耗氧率、排氨率和窒息点,采用封闭流水式实验方法,在不同体质量、光照、放养密度、水流速度以及昼夜更替的条件下,测定鲻幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率,并且观测体质量对幼鱼窒息点和窒息时间的影响。实验期间水温为19℃±1℃,盐度30,pH7.7。研究结果显示:鲻幼鱼的耗氧率随体质量增加而上升,其变化趋势可用幂函数方程表达:Y=0.4759X0.1878(R2=0.9454);光照对耗氧率的影响较大,对排氨率无明显影响;放养密度对耗氧率的影响差异显著(P0.05),对排氨率的影响差异极显著(P0.01);幼鱼的呼吸代谢旺盛时段在中午11∶00至夜间23∶00;流速对耗氧率和排氨率的影响差异均极显著(P0.01);不同体质量幼鱼窒息点和窒息时间的差异极显著(P0.01)。  相似文献   

8.
【摘要】采用实验生态学方法, 研究了饥饿态下平均体重分别为(2.54±1.09) g、(24.35±7.19) g、(233.79±26.00) g、(508.98±126.61) g的卵形鲳鲹幼鱼(Trachinotus ovatus)在静水、0.1 m·s -1、0.2 m·s -1三种流速下的耗氧率和排氨率的变化。结果表明, 卵形鲳鲹体重对耗氧率和排氨率影响显著(P < 0.05)。在同一流速下, 耗氧率和排氨率分别随体重的增加而下降, 体重与两者间的回归关系符合异速方程Y=aWb。卵形鲳鲹的耗氧率和排氨率随着流速的升高均出现升高的趋势, 流速对均重为24.35 g和233.79 g卵形鲳鲹的耗氧率和排氨率影响显著(P < 0.05)。在静水条件下, 卵形鲳鲹代谢氧氮比的范围为31.36-46.32, 表明卵形鲳鲹主要以脂肪和碳水化合物为能源, 蛋白质其次。在试验流速范围内, 均重为24.35 g卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的氧氮比随着流速的升高而升高, 其他两组的氧氮比则随着流速的升高而降低。  相似文献   

9.
采用流水法研究了在温度(20.7±0.55)℃下体重和时间节律对俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt)幼鱼耗氧率和窒息点的影响。结果表明,俄罗斯鲟的耗氧率、窒息点与体重负相关,耗氧量与体重正相关。俄罗斯鲟体重(1.39±0.24)g时平均耗氧率为(0.51±0.06)mg/h.g,平均耗氧量为(0.68±0.03)mg/h.ind;体重(3.16±0.22)g时,平均耗氧率为(0.35±0.04)mg/h.g,平均耗氧量为(0.97±0.10)mg/h.ind;体重(6.20±0.36)g时平均耗氧率为(0.28±0.04)mg/h.g,平均耗氧量为(1.46±0.33)mg/h.ind。3种规格俄罗斯鲟的窒息点分别为2.38、2.35和1.98 mg/L。  相似文献   

10.
为了揭示水温和体重对白斑红点鲑(Salvelinus leucomaenis)临界游泳速度和游动耗氧率的影响,利用试验生态学方法测定了不同体重(1龄组、2龄组和3龄组)的白斑红点鲑在4、8、12、16、20和24℃共6个水温的临界游泳速度和游泳耗氧率。结果表明:水温和体重对临界游泳速度的单独效应均显著(P0.05),但水温和体重交互作用效应却不显著(P0.05),在相同水温下白斑红点鲑临界游泳速度均随着年龄的增长(体重增加)而增加。水温4℃时3个年龄组白斑红点鲑临界游泳速度均最低,分别为(21.6±1.06)、(22.93±0.61)和(30.27±1.29)cm/s,随着水温的升高临界游泳速度均不断增加,当水温升高到16℃时临界游泳速度达到最大值,分别为(39.6±0.80)、(46.80±0.80)和(53.73±1.22)cm/s,此后随着水温进一步升高到20℃,临界游泳速度虽出现略微降低,但经统计分析16℃和20℃时临界游泳速度无显著性差异(P0.05),当水温达到24℃时却出现明显降低。水温和流速以及二者的交互作用对游泳耗氧率的影响均达到显著水平(P0.05),白斑红点鲑在适宜的相同水温和流速时体重越大其游泳耗氧率越低,整体观察3个年龄组白斑红点鲑鲑游泳耗氧率均随着水温和流速的增高而增高,但当水温和流速升高到一定值游泳耗氧率却出现降低。研究得出体重较大的个体在相同水温下抵抗水流的游泳能力较强,3个年龄组白斑红点鲑适宜的最高水温不应超过20℃,最高流速依次不应超过32、40和48 cm/s。  相似文献   

11.
本试验得到外植体种胚的适宜接种量为6粒左右,培养基量为15—20毫升。由于不同品种具有的基因型各异,因而接种的外植体成熟胚和幼穗离体培养的愈伤组织诱导与分化率也有所不同。在Ms培养基中NAA的适宜浓度为2mg/L,附加一定量的酵母膏有提高分化率的趋势。 从560份耐冷变异体株系中,经生理生化测定和田间鉴定,初步认为耐冷变异体有三份:647—4;160—3—1;和160—4。  相似文献   

12.
本文分析了家畜近亲繁殖群体连锁位点基因遗传平衡的实现,推导出了配子型频率及基因型频率通用递推公式.研究证明,近交群体不同于随机交配大群体,其连锁不平衡值d(绝对值)随世代的下降速率不仅取决于重组率,而且也依赖于近交速率.近交越剧烈,则d下降越慢;达平衡态时,近交群体d值并不一定等于0.连锁越紧密,近交越剧烈,则平衡d值越大.最后讨论了研究结果在家畜育种中的应用.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study was to compare two Portuguese (Alentejana and Mertolenga) and two exotic (Frisian and Limousine) cattle breeds in terms of the relationship between the increase in ambient temperature and the responses of the evaporative heat loss pathways and the effects on homeothermy. In the experiment, six heifers of the Alentejana, Frisian, and Mertolenga breeds and four heifers of the Limousine breed were used. The animals were placed in four temperature levels, the first one under thermoneutral conditions and the other ones with increase levels of thermal stress. When submitted to severe heat stress, the Frisian developed high thermal tachypnea (125 mov/min) and moderate sweating rates (117 g m−2 h−1), which did not prevent an increase in the rectal temperature (from 38.4 °C to 40.0 °C). Moderate increases in rectal temperature were observed in the Alentejana (from 38.8 °C to 39.4 °C) and Limousine (from 38.6 °C to 39.4 °C), especially in the period of highest heat stress. The Limousine showed moderate levels of tachypnea (101 mov/min) while showing the lowest sweating rates. The Alentejana showed significant increases in sweating rate (156 g m−2 h−1) that played a major role in homeothermy. The Mertolenga showed a superior stability of body temperature, even in the period of highest heat stress (from 38.5 °C to 39.1 °C). Uncommonly, the maintenance of homeothermy during moderate heat stress was achieved primarily by intense tachypnea (122 mov/min). The sweating rate remained abnormally low under conditions of moderate heat stress, rising significantly (110 g m−2 h−1) without evidence of stabilization, only when tendency for heat storage occurred. This unusual response of the evaporative heat loss pathways infers a different thermoregulatory strategy, suggesting a different adaptation to semi-arid environment and strong association with water metabolism.  相似文献   

14.
Surfacing frequency (Sf) in obligatory air-breathing fishes is a behavioural index of O2 uptake; as both are interrelated, there is a possibility of predicting one from the other. From the point of cause and effect relationship, feeding (C) is regarded as the cause and Sf and O2 uptake as its effects. Hence, the last two are predictable from the cause. A pathway for predicting the bioenergetics components, feeding (C), metabolism (M) and growth (P) from a behavioural index of surfacing frequency has been proposed. In this model, C occupies the focal point connecting on the horizontal plane Sf on one side and P on the other side and M vertically. The developed multiple regression models predict the bioenergetics components of the fishes,Macropodus cupanus andChanna striatus of different weight classes ex-posed to different rations and temperatures; the percentage of variation accounted for by the equations is over 90. The pathway can also be followed for predicting bioenergetics components of gill-breathing fishes, if feeding rate alone is known. On application of the relevant part of the pathway toSalmo trutta, the percentage of variation accounted by the equations is 95.  相似文献   

15.
采用经斩波器调制的不同频率输出的488nmAr+激光辐照志贺氏福氏痢疾杆菌,在同一照射剂量下,随着调制频率的升高,细菌的致死率增加,同时细菌对Cm、Sm、Tc、SD抗菌药的耐药性降低。研究表明,激光的连续或非连续的输出方式将影响细菌的各种生物学效应  相似文献   

16.
A 70-day rearing trial was done to determine the optimal frequency of feeding on growth performance (GP), feed conversion rate (FCR), cannibalism, survival rate (SR), body chemical composition and economic efficiency of the Asian sea bass. This study tested four different treatments of feeding frequencies (FF), once (T1), twice (T2), three times (T3), and four times (T4) per day. An average initial weight of Asian sea bass fry was 0.2 g (SD = ±0.12) were stocked 10 individuals per m3 (9.14 m × 1.82 m × 1.22 m, L × W × H; water depth 0.61 m) with two replicates per treatment (4 × 2 = 8). Fry were fed a mixture of larval commercial feed and shrimp with a pellet diet containing (46% CP). Initially, the feeding rate of 8% biomass per day was further adjusted according to fish biomass on a weekly basis. Results showed that, the FF significantly affected (p < 0.05) on growth indictors and survival rate (SR). Specifically fry fed three times a day (T3) had the best FBW, FL, SGR, ADWG and FCR followed by T4 and T2 while fry fed one time a day was the lowest in these parameters. Also, VSI, HSI and CF (k) significantly differed among the treatments. The fish whole body content of protein, moisture and ash did not significantly (p < 0.05) be affected by feeding frequency, but lipid content differed and both T3, T4 were the highest. It could be concluded that, increasing FF up to three times a day had a positive effect on weight gain, survival rate and feed utilization of Lates calcarifer. The second degree polynomial regression indicates that fed three times a day is optimum for best growth performance and survival for Asian sea bass.  相似文献   

17.
The genetic nature of resistance and its epidemiologic effects on two Meloidogyne incognita populations were assessed in the F₁ hybrid tomato cv. Small Fry. The progeny of a Small Fry × Small Fry cross segregated in a 3:1 resistant:susceptible ratio, indicating the presence of a single, completely dominant resistance gene (LMiR₂) in Small Fry. In a subsequent experiment, infection frequency and the rate of development of primary infection on resistant Small Fry × Small Fry segregates were compared to those on susceptible segregates and the susceptible cultivar Rutgers. Suppression in both infection frequency and rate of development of primary infection was entirely attributable to gene LMiR₂. A single egg-mass population of M. incognita propagated for 12 generations on Small Fry showed an increased ability over the wild type population to parasitize plants containing the LMiR₂ gene but failed to completely overcome resistance. The relationship of this phenomenon to the genetics of the Lycopersicon esculentum-M. incognita interaction is discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Previous studies have shown that exposure to an electromagnetic field (EMF) of 37 Hz at a flux density of 80 microT peak enhances nociceptive sensitivity in mice. Here we examined the effects on pain sensitivity and some indexes of cardiovascular regulation mechanisms in humans by measuring electrical cutaneous thresholds, arterial blood pressure, heart rate and its variability, and stress hormones. Pain and tolerance thresholds remained unchanged after sham exposure but significantly decreased after electromagnetic exposure. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher during electromagnetic exposure and heart rate significantly decreased, both during sham and electromagnetic exposure, while the high frequency (150-400 mHz) component of heart rate variability, which is an index of parasympathetic activity, increased as expected during sham exposure but remained unchanged during electromagnetic exposure. Cortisol significantly decreased during sham exposure only. These results show that exposure to an EMF of 37 Hz also alters pain sensitivity in humans and suggest that these effects may be associated with abnormalities in cardiovascular regulation.  相似文献   

19.
桑天牛Apriona germari(Hope)对补充营养植物的偏好性引起了诸多学者的广泛关注。利用天牛对寄主植物的选择性,开发植物源引诱剂对于天牛的控制具有重要意义。作为植物源引诱剂开发的一个基础工作,本论文研究选择3种主要寄主植物(构树、桑树和杨树)进行桑天牛成虫选择性与取食量的研究;研究显示,构树(Broussonetia parpyrifera(L.)Vent)、桑树(Morus alba L.)和杨树(Populus×canadensis Moench)引诱桑天牛成虫补充营养频率存在显著差异(F=118.9,P<0.01),桑天牛成虫补充营养对于构树具有极明显的选择性;桑天牛对3种植物取食量存在显著差异(F=14.7,P<0.01),桑天牛成虫补充营养时对构树具有明显的偏好性。上述研究为桑天牛成虫诱集捕杀及其引诱剂开发奠定理论基础。同时,为了更好的指导生产实践,本文对两种杀虫剂——虫线清乳油与绿色威雷(触破式微胶囊剂)毒杀桑天牛的效果进行了评价。试验采用林间罩笼方法,测定了两种杀虫剂对桑天牛成虫效果。研究结果表明,虫线清喷施后,显著抑制了桑天牛的取食行为;5 d内桑天牛成虫全部死亡,防治率为100%;绿色威雷喷雾防治桑天牛成虫杀虫作用迅速,150 min内成虫全部死亡,防治效果达100%。上述两种药剂可以作为桑天牛成虫诱集捕杀的候选药剂在生产实践中加以应用。  相似文献   

20.
Ventilatory frequency (VF) was investigated in the fish Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, subjected to confinement, electroshock or social stressor. Fish were allowed to acclimatize to tank conditions for 10 days (1 fish/aquarium). VF baseline was determined 5 days after adjustment had been started. At the 10th day of isolation, stressor effects on VF were assessed. The stressors were imposed during 60 min: pairing with a larger resident animal (social stressor), or gentle electroshock (AC, 20 V, 15 mA, 100 Hz for 1 min every 4 min), or space restriction (confinement). VF was quantified immediately after the end of the stressor imposition. Baseline of VF was not statistically different among groups. Social stressor clearly induced VF to increase, while an increased or decreased VF can be observed for both confinement and electroshock. However, fish tend to increase their VF in response to confinement and decrease in the case of electroshock. These results suggest that VF is a sensitive behavioural indicator for distinguishing stress responses in the fish Nile tilapia among different stressors.  相似文献   

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