饲料蛋白水平对宝石鲈生长和体组成影响研究

选择体重一致、健康无病、初始体重104.13±0.46g宝石鲈105尾,随机分为5组,每组3重复,分别喂以蛋白水平为23.64%、28.45%、33.50%、37.04%和41.62%的等能颗粒饲料(以白鱼粉为蛋白源),在15口水泥池中控温养殖8周,研究饲料蛋白水平对宝石鲈生长和体组成的影响.饲养试验结果表明饲料蛋白水平为33.50%时,宝石鲈的增重率最大,与饲料蛋白水平23.64%组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),与28.45%组相比差异显著(P<0.05),但与37.04%和41.62%组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05).试验不同组间鱼体肥满度、肝体指数、蛋白质净利用率和饵料系数没有显著差异(P>0.05).通过增重率的折线法分析结果表明,宝石鲈获得最佳增重率的饲料蛋白需要量为33.94%.饲料蛋白水平对鱼体组成和肌肉成分研究表明,饲料蛋白水平为33.50%时鱼体蛋白含量最高,与蛋白水平23.64%组相比,差异极显著(P<0.01);体脂肪含量随着饲料蛋白水平的增加而不断下降,饲料蛋白23.64%组与41.62%组之间差异显著(P<0.05);鱼体灰分含量随着饲料蛋白水平的增加而不断上升,41.62%组与23.64%、28.45%和33.50%组间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05).饲料蛋白水平33.50%时,肌肉中蛋白质含量最高,分别与23.64%和28.45%组间差异显著(P<0.05);而试验各组间肌肉中水分、脂肪、灰分含量差异均不显著(P>0.05).     

饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对青鱼生长、消化酶活性和鱼体组成的影响

用不加枯草芽孢杆菌的对照饲料和分别添加2×10⁶、2×10⁷、2×10⁸和5×10⁸ cfu/g枯草芽孢杆菌的4种实验饲料, 分别喂养初始均重为(4.16±0.03) g的5组三重复的青鱼鱼种8周。饲养试验在15只容积为80 L循环式水簇箱内进行, 水温控制为(25±0.5) ℃。结果表明: 饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌的实验组青鱼鱼体终重和鱼体增重比不添加的饲料组显著提高, 而饲料系数则显著降低(P<0.05), 不同枯草芽孢杆菌添加量对青鱼鱼体增重和饲料系数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对青鱼的成活率无显著影响(P>0.05)。青鱼摄食添加枯草芽孢杆菌的实验饲料后其肠蛋白酶活性比不添加组显著升高(P<0.05), 并随着枯草芽孢杆菌添加量的增加而显著上升(P<0.05), 但添加量到2×10⁷ cfu/g后继续增加则不再显著变化(P>0.05)。青鱼摄食添加枯草芽孢杆菌的实验饲料后, 其肠淀粉酶活性均比不添加组显著升高(P<0.05), 且随枯草芽孢杆菌添加量增大呈不断升高的趋势。青鱼摄食添加2×10⁷、2×10⁸和5×10⁸ cfu/g枯草芽孢杆菌的饲料后, 其肝胰脏蛋白酶活性显著高于摄食不添加或添加2×10⁶ cfu/g枯草芽孢杆菌的实验组(P<0.05)。青鱼摄食添加枯草芽孢杆菌的实验饲料后, 其肝胰脏淀粉酶、肝胰脏脂肪酶和肠脂肪酶的活性均与不添加的实验组无显著差异(P>0.05)。青鱼鱼种摄食添加枯草芽孢杆菌的饲料与摄食不添加枯草芽孢杆菌的饲料相比, 其全鱼营养组成均无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此, 在实验条件下, 饲料中添加2×10⁶—5×10⁸ cfu/g的枯草芽孢杆菌能促进青鱼鱼种的生长和降低饲料系数, 而对鱼体组成没有影响。     

饲料蛋白和脂肪水平对青鱼大规格鱼种生长和体组成的影响

设计5个饲料蛋白水平(30%、33%、36%、39%和42%)和2个脂肪水平(6%和9%)的5×2的因子试验,配制10种试验饲料,分别饲喂10组三重复平均体重为95.5 g的二龄青鱼70d,以探讨不同蛋白和脂肪水平对青鱼生长和体组成等的影响。结果表明:鱼体增重随饲料蛋白水平从30%提高到39%不断增加(P0.05),进一步提高饲料蛋白水平至42%时,鱼体增重则不再显著变化(P0.05);饲料系数随饲料蛋白水平从30%提高到39%而不断降低(P0.05),进一步提高饲料蛋白水平至42%时,也不再显著变化;蛋白质效率和蛋白保留率随饲料蛋白水平呈下降趋势;以鱼体增重为指标,经折线模型进行回归分析求得适宜的饲料蛋白水平为占干饲料的40%。饲料蛋白、脂肪水平及其交互作用对的试验鱼成活率均无显著差异(P0.05)。饲料脂肪水平、饲料蛋白与脂肪的交互作用对鱼体增重、饲料系数、摄食率和蛋白质效率也均无显著影响(P0.05)。摄食蛋白水平为30%和33%饲料的青鱼与摄食蛋白水平36%—42%饲料的青鱼相比,有较低的水分和较高全鱼脂肪(P0.05)。青鱼脏体比和肌肉粗脂肪含量均随着饲料中蛋白水平的提高呈降低的趋势。摄食脂肪水平为9%的饲料的青鱼较摄食脂肪水平为6%的饲料的青鱼,有较高脏体比、全鱼脂肪含量和肌肉粗脂肪含量(P0.05)。上述结果说明,青鱼摄食低蛋白和高脂肪的饲料造成过多的体脂积累。在试验条件下,青鱼大规格鱼种饲养阶段适宜的饲料蛋白和脂肪水平分别为占干饲料的40%和6%。     

复合酶制剂EA－2对鲤生长的影响

利用复合酶制剂ＥＡ－２在池溏中饲养鲤５０ｄ,实验组鲤尾增重率高于对照组１２．３—２７．５％,而饲料系数低于对照组１８．７６—１０．８９％。实验组鲤肝胰脏淀粉酶活力显著增加,而肝、胰脏蛋白酶活力显著降低,实验组鲤肠内蛋白酶活力和淀粉酶活力均显著增加。酶制剂对鲤肥满度、肝胰比、内脏比、肝胰脏和背部肌肉的生化成份均无显著影响。     

富硒壶瓶碎米荠对青鱼幼鱼生长、生理生化、硒代谢、抗氧化及先天免疫的影响

为探究富硒壶瓶碎米荠(Cardamine hupingshanensis)对青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)幼鱼生长、血清生理生化、肝脏硒代谢、抗氧化能力和先天免疫指标的影响,选取360尾初始体重为(5.51±0.02) g的青鱼幼鱼随机分配至4个实验组中,每组3个重复。在基础饲料中添加富硒壶瓶碎米荠的量为0、0.5、1.0和2.0 g/kg(硒的实际含量分别为0.04、0.43、0.75和1.57 mg/kg),同时添加矿物质混合物(无硒添加)和维生素混合物,配置成4种等氮等能的青鱼幼鱼试验饲料,养殖周期为60d。结果显示:饲料中添加0.5和1.0 g/kg富硒壶瓶碎米荠时,鱼体增重率(WG),特定生长率(SGR)较对照组和过量组(2.0 g/kg)显著升高,饲料系数(FCR)显著降低(P<0.05)。当饲料中富硒壶瓶碎米荠添加量为0.5—1.0 g/kg时,血清中的甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)和白蛋白(ALB)含量呈上升趋势,而葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著下降(P<0.05)。饲料中添加0.5—1.0 g/kg富硒壶瓶碎米荠时可显著提高肝脏核因子...     

饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白对异育银鲫生长、代谢及免疫功能的影响

本实验评价了饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白后对异育银鲫的生长、饲料利用、氮代谢和鱼体免疫力等的影响。实验设计4种等氮等能的饲料,每种3个重复,分别以豆粕替代饲料中鱼粉蛋白的0%（对照,D1）、20%（D2）、80%（D3）和100%（D4）。实验在半循环水养殖系统持续16周,鱼的初重约2.32g,实验期间水温23－30℃。结果表明,随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高,摄食率显著升高(P＜0.05),特定生长率、饲料转化效率、蛋白沉积率和能量沉积率显著降低(P＜0.05);蛋白表观消化率显著升高,干物质和能量表观消化率则显著降低(P＜0.05);总氮摄入量、表观氮摄入量、粪氮排出量、非粪氮排泄量、总氮沉积率均随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高呈显著降低到的趋势(P< 0.05),生产每千克鱼的氮排放量则随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高显著升高(P< 0.05);血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯的含量显著升高,而胆固醇的含量显著降低(P＜0.05);血清的溶菌酶显著降低,超氧化物岐化酶逐渐升高(P＜0.05)。     

三丁酸甘油酯对异育银鲫生长性能及免疫功能的影响

为研究三丁酸甘油酯(tributyrin, TB)对异育银鲫生长和免疫的影响,以基础饲料作为对照,分别在基础饲料中添加0.5 g/kg、1 g/kg、1.5 g/kg、2 g/kg TB配制成4种实验饲料。实验选择健康、体重相近(43.58±1.6) g的异育银鲫450尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。预试期2周,正试期8周,实验结束后检测其生长性能和免疫指标。结果表明:各实验组异育银鲫的增重率、特定生长率与对照组相比都得到提高,其中添加1 g/kg TB效果最佳,显著降低了饵料系数(p0.05)。各实验组的头肾和脾脏指数在添加量为0.5～1.0 g/kg范围内显著高于对照组(p0.05)。各实验组的肝胰脏中一氧化氮含量均低于对照组、过氧化氢酶含量均高于对照组,且除2 g/kg TB外其他实验组均差异显著(p0.05);肝胰脏中超氧化物歧化酶活性在添加量为1 g/kg和1.5 g/kg显著高于对照组(p0.05),超过2 g/kg时则会抑制其活性,但差异不显著(p0.05);各实验组的肝胰脏中丙二醛和溶菌酶的含量均低于对照组,且在添加量为1 g/kg TB时差异显著(p0.05)。综合来看,添加适量的TB能提高异育银鲫的生长性能,增强其免疫能力,当添加量为1.02 g/kg时效果最佳。     

绿原酸对草鱼鱼种生长、非特异性免疫和肉质的影响

为考察绿原酸对草鱼鱼种生长、非特异性免疫指标和肌肉品质的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0.00%(对照组)、0.01%、0.02%、0.04%、0.06%、0.08%绿原酸,饲养平均体重(3.19±0.03)g的草鱼鱼种。经60d饲养,各组草鱼增重率分别为283.1%、305.7%、307.3%、329.6%、308.3%、303.0%,饲料系数分别为1.45、1.33、1.33、1.26、1.30、1.36;与对照组相比,添加0.04%绿原酸显著提高草鱼鱼种增重率,降低了饲料系数(P0.05),添加0.01%、0.02%、0.06%绿原酸有提高草鱼鱼种增重率的趋势;在饲料中添加0.04%绿原酸可显著提高肝胰脏SOD活性(P0.05),添加0.08%绿原酸可显著降低血浆天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性(P0.05),各组肝胰脏溶菌酶、血浆碱性磷酸酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性无显著差异(P0.05)。对肌肉成分的分析表明,各组水分、粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P0.05),但添加0.04%绿原酸可显著提高肌肉粗蛋白、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量(P0.05)。添加0.02%绿原酸可显著提高肌肉羟脯氨酸、胶原蛋白含量(P0.05)。综上所述,适量绿原酸能改善草鱼鱼种生长性能、非特异性免疫功能和肌肉品质。草鱼鱼种饲料中绿原酸添加量推荐为0.04%。     

大黄蒽醌提取物对饲养建鲤生长的影响

将750尾建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.jian)随机分成5组。一组为对照组,投喂基础日粮。另外4组为实验组,投喂的基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%大黄蒽醌提取物。连续投喂70d后,测定鱼的生长、免疫相关因子、肠道菌数量及肉质等。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加大黄蒽醌提取物提高了鱼体增重率、饲料转化效率、溶菌酶活性、一氧化氮浓度、超氧化物歧化酶活性,促进了肠道有益菌增加,抑制有害菌生长,降低了丙二醛含量及鱼体死亡率,但是与大黄蒽醌提取物的添加水平不成线性关系;其中1.0%实验组肝胰脏溶菌酶与超氧化物歧化酶活性最高,血清丙二醛含量最低;2.0%实验组增重率、血清一氧化氮浓度与超氧化物歧化酶活性、肝胰脏一氧化氮浓度、肠道乳酸杆菌数量最高;添加1.0%~2.0%大黄蒽醌提取物显著提高了肌肉粗脂肪含量。因此,添加1.0%~2.0%大黄蒽醌提取物能改善肠道的微生态平衡,提高机体免疫机能,改善肉质,促进鱼体生长。     

双低菜粕替代豆粕对青鱼幼鱼生长及生理生化指标的影响

以初始体重(5.77±0.05)g 的青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)为研究对象, 以双低菜粕蛋白分别替代饲料中 0 (对照)、25%、50%、75%和 100%的豆粕蛋白, 配制双低菜粕含量分别为 0、11%、22%、33%和 44%的5 种等氮等能的实验饲料, 研究双低菜粕对青鱼生长、消化酶、消化率、体组成和部分生理生化指标的影响。实验在室内养殖系统中进行, 每水族箱(300 L)饲喂 25 尾, 每处理组 3 个重复, 以鱼体重 3%—5%投喂量, 日投喂 2 次, 试验持续 8 周。实验结果表明, 当饲料中双低菜粕含量大于 11%时, 其特定生长率、干物质和蛋白质表观消化率、肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均显著低于对照组, 当双低菜粕含量达到 44%时, 饲料系数显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 但各处理间成活率差异不显著。双低菜粕对血清溶菌酶、谷丙转氨酶活性和补体 C4 含量无显著影响, 但显著影响了血液中红细胞和白细胞数, 其数量随饲料菜粕含量的增加而降低。与对照组相比, 当双低菜粕含量达到 22%时, 血清中总胆固醇、补体 C3 和总蛋白含量显著下降, 当含量达到 33%时, 过氧化氢酶活性显著降低, 谷草转氨酶活性显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料菜粕对鱼体水分和蛋白含量无显著影响, 但鱼体脂肪随菜粕含量的增加而降低、脏体比指数和灰分含量有随菜粕含量的增加而升高的趋势, 肝体比指数有随菜粕含量的增加而有先升高后降低的趋势。上述结果表明, 青鱼幼鱼饲料中双低菜粕含量以不超过 11%为宜。     

Phytase can reduce theneedfor monocalcium phosphate supplementation in soybean and rapeseed meal‐based diets of black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854)

A feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of partial replacement of dietary monocalcium phosphate (MCP) with phytase on growth performance, feed utilization and phosphorus discharge in black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. In the feeding trial, the control diet (designated as P1.5) was prepared with 1.5% MCP but without phytase, and the three other diets (designated as PP1.0, PP0.5 and PP0, respectively) were supplemented with 1.0%, 0.5% and 0% MCP, respectively, along with 200 mg (400 U) phytase/kg diet in each. Each diet was tested in triplicate tanks and fish were fed twice daily to satiation. After an 8‐week feeding trial in indoor flow‐through cylindrical fibreglass tanks (25 fish per tank, initial body weight: 11.5 ± 0.12 g), fish fed with PP1.0 and PP0.5 had no significant change in weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency rate (PER) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control (p > .05), whereas fish fed with PP0 showed a significantly lower growth performance in the above parameters (p < .05). The addition of phytase did not affect the body composition or muscle composition. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of crude protein and phosphorus increased when fish were fed diets in which MCP was replaced by phytase. Phosphorus discharge was also significantly reduced in fish fed diets in which MCP was replaced by phytase (10.2 ± 0.50 to 8.01 ± 0.47 g/kg weight gain). The present study suggests that dietary MCP can be reduced when phytase is added to the black sea bream diet, with a maximum MCP reduction level of up to 1% when phytase is supplemented at 200 mg (400 U)/kg diet. Thus, phytase in the diet of black sea bream is economically and ecologically beneficial.     

Effect of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance and innate immunity of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C on growth performance, hematologic parameters and innate immune responses in juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Seven practical diets were formulated to contain 0.0 (as the basal diet), 13.6, 27.2, 54.4, 96.6, 193.4 and 386.5 mg ascorbic acid equivalent kg(-1) diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile cobia with initial body weight of 5.5 g in 500-L cylindrical fiberglass tank. The results of 8 weeks feeding trial showed that typical vitamin C-deficient signs such as spinal deformation and body nigrescence were observed in the fish fed the basal diet. Fish fed the basal diet had significantly lower weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency (FE) than those fed the diets supplemented with vitamin C, but no significant differences were observed among diets supplemented with vitamin C. However, survival rate was significantly affected by the dietary vitamin C levels, fish fed the basal diet had lower survival rate than those fed the diets supplemented with vitamin C. The ascorbic acid concentration in liver was correlated positively with the dietary vitamin C levels, however, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations in liver was not significantly affected by the dietary vitamin C levels, although, fish fed the basal diet had the highest TBARS values among all treatments. The activities of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phophatase (AKP) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) were significantly influenced by the dietary vitamin C levels, fish fed the basal diet had lower lysozyme, SOD, AKP and total Ig than those fed diets supplemented with vitamin C. The serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations were significantly affected by the dietary vitamin C levels. Fish fed the basal diet had lower red blood cell and hemoglobin values than those fed the vitamin C supplemented diets. The challenge experiment with Vibrio harveyi showed that lower cumulative survival was in fish fed the unsupplemented diet, the cumulative survival were significantly increased with increase of the dietary ascorbic acid levels from 13.6 to 96.6 mg kg(-1), while the cumulative survival reached plateau when dietary ascorbic acid levels increased from 96.6 to 386.5 mg kg(-1). These results indicated that dietary vitamin C did significantly influence on growth performance and immune response of juvenile cobia.     

发酵豆粕对圆斑星鲽生长及消化能力的影响

为探讨圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)饲料中发酵豆粕的适宜添加量, 以鱼粉和发酵豆粕为蛋白源, 鱼油和豆油为脂肪源, 分别添加0、10%、20%、30%和40%的发酵豆粕替代0、9.81%、19.63%、29.44%和39.26%的鱼粉蛋白, 设计5种等蛋白(50%)、等脂(8%)的实验饲料(分别表示为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ), 每组设3个重复, 每重复15尾鱼, 初始体重为(49.01.0) g, 经过8周的饲养实验, 结果表明: (1)饲料效率随饲料中发酵豆粕水平的升高逐渐降低, 饲料中发酵豆粕水平为20%时, 鱼体的终末体重、特定生长率和摄食量均会显著降低(P0.05)。(2)全鱼水分和灰分含量随饲料中发酵豆粕水平的升高而升高, 粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量则随发酵豆粕水平的升高而降低。(3)胃蛋白酶和肝脂肪酶活力随饲料中发酵豆粕水平的增加先降低后升高, Ⅰ组最高, 显著高于Ⅲ组 (P0.05), 但与Ⅱ组无显著性差异(P0.05); Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的胃脂肪酶活力显著高于其他两组(P0.05); 肠淀粉酶活力则随饲料中发酵豆粕水平的增加先升高后降低, Ⅲ组最高, 显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),但与Ⅱ组无显著性差异(P0.05); 其他消化酶活力(肠蛋白酶、胃淀粉酶、肠脂肪酶)均无显著性差异(P0.05)。(4)Ⅰ组的皱襞高度和肠壁厚度均显著高于其他组(P0.05), 各组的黏膜厚度无显著性差异(P0.05)。综上所述, 在饲料中添加10%的发酵豆粕对圆斑星鲽的生长、饲料利用和形体指标无显著性影响,过量添加则抑制鱼体的生长。     

Growth response of African catfish,Clarias gariepinus (B.), larvae and fingerlings fed protease‐incorporated diets

African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), is one of the promising freshwater fish species in African aquaculture but the expansion of its farming needs more production of its larvae. The use of live food organisms at first feeding for larvae is still obligatory. That increases the cost of larvae production. Hence, the incorporating of exogenous enzymes especially protease in artificial microdiets may provide affordable alternatives for enhancing the larvae performance. The present study was carried out to evaluate the growth and survival of larvae or fingerlings of African catfish fed artificial diets incorporated with different protease levels. Four artificial diets were formulated and enriched with protease enzyme at levels of 0.0, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 unit/kg diet; after that diets were made into crumbles (100–200 µm diameter). After absorption of the yolk sac, diets were offered to fish larvae (3.6 ± 0.2 mg) in triplicates as a starter feed up to apparent satiation every two hours for 30 days. In another treatment, fish larvae were fed on newly hatched Artemia nauplii (2,500 Artemia/L) as a starter food. In another experiment, African catfish fingerlings (10.1 ± 1.6 g) were fed on the same diets up to satiation twice a day for 2 months. It was noticed that the dietary protease improved larval growth and survival but not as Artemia nauplii did where fish larvae fed on Artemia nauplii showed highest growth and survival followed by those fed a diet enriched with 1,250 unit/kg diet of protease. The mortality of larvae fed protease‐enriched diets as well as the control diet was occurred mostly at the first week reaching its maximum at the third week. The poor growth was observed with fish larvae fed the control diet. Meanwhile, catfish fingerlings fed protease‐enriched diets showed higher growth over those fed the control diet. The larvae survival (11.0%–41.7%) was enhanced by increasing protease levels and it was lower than that of fingerlings (95.6%–100.0%). Furthermore, protein retention and digestibility were significantly improved with protease supplementation over the control diet especially at a level of 1,000 unit/kg diet. As compared with the previous studies, live food should be used in larvae rearing for the first week after that a starter diet enriched with protease at levels of 1,250 unit/kg diet should be used. In case of fish fingerlings, the dry diets should be enriched with 1,100 unit/kg diet to improve diet digestibility and subsequently enhance their growth.     

Dietary administration of nucleotides to enhance growth, humoral immune responses, and disease resistance of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings

A feeding study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary nucleotides (NT) on growth performance, immune responses and resistance of rainbow trout fingerlings to Streptococcus iniae. A basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g NT kg(-1) to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 23 g. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, fish fed diets with 1.5-2 g NT kg(-1) had the highest final weight and SGR, followed by groups fed the diets with 0.5-1 g NT kg(-1), and lowest in fish fed the NT-free control diet. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better when the fish were fed diet with 2 g NT kg(-1). The ACH(50) level and lysozyme activity in serum were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) greater in fish fed nucleotides at 1.5-2 g kg(-1). The fish fed with 2 g NT kg(-1) had higher IgM level. The challenge experiment showed that relative percent survival (RPS) increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of nucleotides from 0.5 to 2 g kg(-1) and was lowest in the control group. We therefore recommend dietary nucleotide administration at 1.5-2 g kg(-1) to promote growth and enhance immunity and resistance against S. iniae.     

Growth Performance,Hemato-Immunological Responses,and Digestive Enzyme Activities in Silvery-Black Porgy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sparidentex hasta</Emphasis>) Fed Dietary Bovine Lactoferrin

An 8-week study was conducted to evaluate three different diets supplemented with bovine lactoferrin (LF) at 0 (control), 800, and 1200 mg LF kg^?1 diet on somatic growth, hemato-immunological parameters, antioxidant status, and digestive enzyme activities in silvery-black porgy (Sparidentex hasta) juveniles. Fish fed the 800 mg LF kg^?1 diet had higher growth performance and feed utilization parameters than the other groups. Hematological and liver antioxidant parameters were not affected by dietary LF supplementation. Fish fed the 800 mg LF kg^?1 diet had higher plasma lysozyme activity values than the other groups. Total protease activity was higher in fish fed LF-supplemented diets than the control group. Results indicated that diet supplemented with 800 mg kg^?1 for 8 weeks enhanced somatic growth performance, lysozyme activity, and proteolytic digestive enzyme activities in S. hasta, as well as improving feed efficiency parameters like the protein efficiency and feed conversion ratios.     

嗜酸乳杆菌对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长、消化性能和抗病力的影响

研究嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus, GIM:1.730)对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)幼鱼生长、消化酶活性、抗病力和相关酶mRNA表达的影响。选取720尾初始均重为(5.60±0.05) g的斜带石斑鱼幼鱼为研究对象, 共设8个处理, 每个处理3个重复。投喂不同添加比例(0、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%和1.2%)嗜酸乳杆菌的饲料, 养殖期8周。结果表明: 增重率(Weight gain rate, WGR)与特定生长率(Specific growth rate, SGR)实验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。当嗜酸乳杆菌添加0.6%时, 饲料系数(Feed conversion ratio, FCR）最低, 其他各组显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 而蛋白质效率(Protein efficiency ratio, PER)变化规律则与FCR相反。肝脏和肠蛋白酶(Trypsin, TRY)、淀粉酶(Amylase, AMY)活性实验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肝脏TRY、AMY mRNA表达, 实验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。其中, 肝脏淀粉酶、蛋白酶活性在添加量为0.6%达到最大值, 肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性分别在添加量0.2%和0.4%达到最大值。以哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒7d, 石斑鱼攻毒后成活率(Survival rate, SR)随着嗜酸乳杆菌添加量的增加显著升高(P<0.05)。以WGR为判断依据得出, 在饲料中添加0.42%嗜酸乳杆菌(0.72×108 cfu/g)可显著促进斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的生长, 并提高消化酶活性和抗病力。     

Growth,parasitic infection and hematology in Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 fed diets containing Allium sativum

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a dietary Allium sativum (garlic) addition on growth, parasite infestation and blood parameters in Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) using 12 net‐cages (1 m³). There were four treatments with three replicates each (15 fish per replicate). Tambaqui of 112.4 g mean weight were fed for 45 days with diets containing 0, 15, 30 and 45 g of fresh garlic kg^?1 feed. Garlic did not affect the tambaqui survival, growth, feed conversion, body condition, plasma glucose levels, total plasma protein levels or red blood cells. Total leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers decreased in fish fed diets containing 45 g garlic kg^?1 feed, but neutrophils decreased in fish fed diets containing 15, 30 and 45 g garlic kg^?1 diet, while the number of immature leukocytes increased in fish fed 30 g and 45 g garlic kg^?1diet. Gills in fish fed 30 and 45 g kg^?1 diet had lower infestation (52% and 63%, respectively) of Anacanthorus spathulatus (Monogenea) compared to controls. The application of garlic in diets improved the response of leukocytes and enhanced the resistance to infections by monogeneans.