澳洲茄边碱通过Caspase3蛋白诱导人肺腺癌A549细胞的凋亡作用

运用中药龙葵提取物澳洲茄边碱处理人肺腺癌A549细胞,研究其对A549细胞的抑制及凋亡作用,探讨澳洲茄边碱对肺腺癌的作用机制。通过细胞增殖抑制实验检测不同浓度澳洲茄边碱对A549细胞增殖的影响,采用蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测凋亡蛋白Caspase3的表达水平,采用流式细胞术测定处理后A549细胞的凋亡水平及细胞周期变化。结果显示,不同浓度澳洲茄边碱均能抑制A549的增殖,呈浓度效应;用不同浓度澳洲茄边碱处理A549细胞24h后,Western blot结果显示,随药物浓度增大,凋亡蛋白Caspase3水解程度增高,对A549凋亡作用明显增强;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡的结果显示,20μmol·L-1澳洲茄边碱处理A549细胞后,细胞发生明显凋亡,其中早期凋亡细胞比例为25.35%,晚期凋亡细胞比例为11.47%;流式细胞术检测细胞周期的结果显示,20μmol·L-1澳洲茄边碱处理A549细胞后,细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期。本研究结果表明,澳洲茄边碱通过激活细胞凋亡通路中的Caspase3蛋白触发细胞凋亡,同时将A549细胞阻滞在细胞周期的G2/M期,抑制人肺腺癌细胞A549的生长。     

野黄芩苷对内毒素抑制人牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

目的观察野黄芩苷对内毒素(LPS)抑制人牙周膜细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。方法原代培养人牙周膜细胞,采用酶动力学方法观察野黄芩苷对LPS抑制人牙周-膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果100μg/mL LPS可显著抑制体外培养的人牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性。加入0.001-10μg/ml野黄芩苷干预后,对LPS抑制碱性磷酸酶活性有一定的拮抗作用,在1μg/ml时达到高峰。结果 野黄芩苷可能通过拮抗LPS抑制牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶的活性,促使牙周膜细胞向成骨细胞分化而利于牙周组织再生修复。     

依托咪酯通过调控miR-3666/UBQLN1基因表达抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的机制

本研究旨在探讨依托咪酯对乳腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其机制,选取依托咪酯(0.2μg/mL,0.4μg/mL和0.8μg/mL)处理乳腺癌细胞SK-BR-3,筛选最适浓度0.8μg/mL。将依托咪酯+anti-miR-NC组(转染anti-miR-NC)、依托咪酯+anti-miR-3666组(转染anti-miR-3666)、miR-NC组(转染miR-NC)、miR-3666组(转染anti-miR-3666)、anti-miR-NC组(转染anti-miR-NC)和anti-miR-3666组(转染anti-miR-3666)用脂质体法转染至SK-BR-3细胞,部分组用0.8μg/mL依托咪酯处理。细胞计数(CCK-8)法、流式细胞术、免疫印迹(Western blotting)、实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测细胞的抑制率、凋亡率、miR-3666、泛素1(UBQLN1)、细胞周期素D1(CyclinD1)、细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶抑制因子1A(p21)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关的X基因(Bax)的表达;双荧光素酶报告基因检测实验检测细胞的荧光活性。依托咪酯(0.2μg/mL,0.4μg/mL和0.8μg/mL)明显的增强对乳腺癌细胞的抑制率和凋亡率,并上调miR-3666,下调UBQLN1,均呈明显的浓度依赖性(p<0.05)。miR-3666能够明显的抑制野生型UBQLN1细胞的荧光活性。过表达miR-3666具有与依托咪酯相似的增强乳腺癌细胞抑制率和凋亡率,下调CyclinD1、Bcl-2,上调p21、Bax的作用。抑制miR-3666明显的减弱依托咪酯对乳腺癌细胞的抑制和凋亡的作用。依托咪酯可抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖,促进凋亡,其机制与上调miR-3666进而靶向抑制UBQLN1有关,将可为依托咪酯用于乳腺癌的治疗提供更充分的理论依据。     

三棱黄酮体外诱导A549及MCF-7细胞S/G2周期停滞的研究

为了研究三棱黄酮(Rhizoma Sparganii flavonoids,RSF)对雌激素受体阳性(estrogen receptor positive,ER+)恶性肿瘤细胞株A549与MCF-7的细胞毒作用和机制,本次试验制备含188、375、750μg/mL RSF的DMEM培养基(RSFD-188、RSFD-375、RSFD-750),与贴壁后的A549及MCF-7细胞共培养3 d,含1%甲醇的DMEM培养基为对照,使用MTT法、免疫荧光技术、流式细胞术比较组间细胞的增殖活性、形态(anti-a-tublin)、凋亡率以及细胞周期的差异。试验结果显示,RSF可呈剂量性抑制A549与MCF-7细胞的增殖活性、增加凋亡小体比率、诱导细胞骨架形态异常改变;与RSFD-375、RSFD-750共培养的A549与MCF-7细胞表现为明显的S/G2细胞周期停滞。所得实验结果表明,RSF对A549及MCF-7细胞具有明确的细胞毒理作用,其抑制细胞增殖活性的机制与诱导细胞的S/G2细胞周期停滞相关。     

柚皮素通过Notch1/Hes1通路抑制肺癌干细胞增殖、迁移和分化

为探讨柚皮素对肺癌干细胞增殖、迁移和分化的分子机制,本研究应用免疫磁珠法分选肺癌干细胞(A549-CSCs),并通过流式细胞术进行表面分子的鉴定;通过CCK8法检测不同浓度的柚皮素(25μg/m L,50μg/mL, 100μg/mL)对肺癌干细胞(A549-CSCs)活力的影响,Transwell检测柚皮素对A549-CSCs细胞迁移能力的影响,Q-PCR检测柚皮素对肺癌干细胞分化相关因子Sox2和Oct4 m RNA表达的影响,Western blotting法检测柚皮素对细胞内Notch1和Hes1蛋白表达的影响。流式细胞术检测结果显示,A549-CSCs细胞表面分子CD133呈阳性表达,符合肺癌干细胞特征。CCK8结果显示,与对照组(control)比较,25μg/m L、50μg/mL、100μg/mL柚皮素处理A549-CSCs 24 h,细胞活力显著降低(p<0.05);Transwell检测结果显示,与对照组比较,不同浓度柚皮素处理组A549-CSCs迁移能力显著降低(p<0.05);定量PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction, Q-PCR)结果显示,与对照组比较,柚皮素处理组细胞Sox2和Oct4 m RNA表达水平显著降低(p<0.05);蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)结果显示,与对照组相比柚皮素处理组细胞Notch1和Hes1蛋白表达水平均降低。本研究发现柚皮素可能通过抑制Notch1/Hes1通路抑制肺癌干细胞增殖、迁移和分化。这为柚皮素治疗肺癌提供临床依据。     

紫檀茋诱导白念珠菌凋亡的研究

目的探究紫檀茋(Pterostilbene,PTE)诱导白念珠菌凋亡的活性。方法通过分析白念珠菌凋亡细胞、坏死细胞和活细胞比例,检测Caspase酶活性、细胞内活性氧和线粒体膜电位,评价PTE诱导白念珠菌凋亡的活性。结果≥4μg/mL PTE处理后白念珠菌凋亡比例明显增加,Caspase酶活性显著升高,细胞内活性氧水平显著升高,线粒体膜电位显著降低。结论 PTE具有诱导白念珠菌凋亡的活性,该作用可能与活性氧积累和线粒体损伤相关。     

奥司他韦、利巴韦林和盐酸金刚乙胺对甲型H1N1流感病毒的抑制作用

目的细胞水平测试奥司他韦、利巴韦林和盐酸金刚乙胺对甲型流感H1N1病毒的抑制或杀伤作用。方法通过在MDCK细胞系和甲型H1N1病毒株间建立药物剂量-效应关系确定导致细胞死亡的效力与抑制病毒复制的效力的比值（治疗指数）,测试药物的抗病毒效果。结果奥司他韦、利巴韦林和盐酸金刚乙胺对MDCK细胞的半数中毒浓度分别为（1134.7±186.8）μg/mL、（742.0±76.9）μg/mL、（94.6±1.9）μg/mL,对甲型H1N1病毒的治疗指数（TI）分别为71.19、24.9和3.12。结论奥司他韦对甲型H1N1病毒抑制作用最强,利巴韦林其次,盐酸金刚乙胺对甲型H1N1病毒抑制效果较弱。     

无患子皂苷对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖与凋亡的影响

为了探究无患子皂苷对人肝癌细胞Hep G2增殖和凋亡的影响。本研究采用不同浓度的无患子皂苷对Hep G2细胞进行处理,分别利用MTT法、流式细胞术、qPCR的方法检测细胞增殖、周期和凋亡情况以及NF-κB和Caspase3的表达情况。结果发现25μg/m L~100μg/m L的无患子皂苷分别作用12、24和36 h后,显微镜下发现细胞形态发生明显变化,MTT法检测发现细胞的增殖受到明显的抑制。无患子皂苷作用24 h后流式细胞术检测出现明显的凋亡峰,细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期。qPCR检测发现随着皂苷浓度的提高,Caspase3的表达上调,而NF-κB的表达下调。以上结果说明无患子皂苷能够抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2的增殖并诱导其凋亡。     

灵芝多糖对单核巨噬白血病细胞株的体外作用

目的:研究灵芝多糖对单核巨噬白血病细胞THP-1和RAW264.7的肿瘤生物学活性的影响。方法:用1、50和100μg/ml的灵芝多糖和脂多糖(LPS)刺激THP-1和RAW264.7细胞,CCK-8法测定巨噬细胞的增殖活力、流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡活性、Q-PCR检测细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6和IL-12基因、相关凋亡信号通路基因TRADD、TNFSF10、TNFRSR10b、NFκBI、Caspase10和Caspase 3基因的mRNA表达水平。结果:灵芝多糖可以呈反浓度依赖性地刺激两种细胞的增殖,在50和100μg/ml浓度下可引起细胞凋亡,凋亡信号基因TNFRSR10b和NFκBI的mRNA水平在24h升高了53%和48%;在1~100μg/ml浓度下可上调细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6和IL-12细胞因子mRNA的表达水平。结论:灵芝多糖对白血病细胞株具有双重作用,在低浓度下促进细胞增殖,而在高剂量时诱导细胞凋亡,均可上调免疫相关细胞因子的表达。     

当归多糖延缓5-氟尿嘧啶所致人骨髓基质细胞衰老

探讨5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)对人骨髓基质细胞(human bone marrow stromal cell,h BMSC)的损伤作用机制;当归多糖(angelica sinensis polysaccharides,ASP)对5-氟尿嘧啶损伤h BMSC的保护作用。采用CCK-8法测定人骨髓基质细胞株HS-5对不同浓度5-FU(0μg/mL,12.5μg/mL,25μg/mL,50μg/mL和100μg/mL)的敏感性。流式细胞术分析细胞周期;β-半乳糖苷酶染色检测衰老细胞;DCFH-DA荧光染色流式检测胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平;酶学法检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)含量;流式细胞术分析γH2AX表达水平;ELISA检测8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine,8-OHd G)的含量;5-FU 12.5~100μg/mL抑制HS-5增殖,抑制作用具有浓度依赖性和时间依赖性。5-FU组较与对照组相比细胞周期发生G1期阻滞,β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性率升高;胞内ROS含量显著升高;细胞抗氧化能力降低;γH2AX和8-OHd G表达水平增高。ASP治疗组较5-FU组细胞相比细胞周期阻滞减少;衰老细胞比率降低;胞内ROS含量显著降低;细胞抗氧化能力升高;DNA损伤指标表达水平降低。5-FU可通过增强氧化应激诱发DNA损伤致骨髓基质细胞衰老;ASP对骨髓基质细胞损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与ASP降低损伤后骨髓基质细胞氧化应激减轻DNA损伤从而延缓骨髓基质细胞衰老有关。     

Ceramide Induces Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Glioma Cells

Ceramide causes either apoptosis or non-apoptotic cell death depending on model system and experimental conditions. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of ceramide on cell viability and its molecular events leading to cell death in A172 human glioma cells. Ceramide induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner and the cell death was dependent on generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. TUNEL assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, and flow cytometric analysis did not show typical apoptotic morphological features. Ceramide caused phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38, but the cell death was not affected by inhibitors of MAPK subfamilies. Ceramide caused ATP depletion without loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Ceramide did not induce caspase activation and ceramide-induced cell death was also not altered by inhibitors of caspase activation. Transfection of dominant inhibitory mutant of IκBα (S32A/36A) and pretreatment of pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-κB, enhanced ceramide-induced cell death. These results indicate that ceramide causes non-apoptotic, caspase-independent cell death by inducing reactive oxygen species generation in A172 human glioma cells. NF-κB is involved in the regulation of ceramide-induced cell death in human glioma cells.     

在肾癌细胞系GRC-1细胞周期不同阶段Wnt-5A基因的表达情况

Wnt基因所编码的蛋白质与许多生长因子一样具有分泌型生长因子的结构特点,其家族成员Wnt-5A是许多恶性肿瘤的自分泌生长因子,在肾细胞癌中表达显著升高.为研究在细胞周期的不同阶段生长因子Wnt-5A在转录水平的表达情况,我们采用胸腺嘧啶双阻断及高压笑气处理的方法,使肾细胞癌细胞系GRC-1细胞同步化.用半定量反转录多聚酶链反应对处于细胞周期不同阶段的细胞cDNA进行扩增,S期与G1,M期Wnt-5A mRNA表达存在差异显著(P＜0.05）.结果提示生长因子Wnt-5A在肾细胞癌的发生中具有潜在的作用,在S期作用可能尤为显著.     

INHIBITION OF CASPASE‐LIKE ACTIVITIES PREVENTS THE APPEARANCE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND DARK‐INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN THE UNICELLULAR CHLOROPHYTE DUNALIELLA TERTIOLECTA1

When the chlorophyte alga Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher is placed in darkness, a form of programmed cell death with many similarities to apoptosis is induced, including the induction of caspase‐like proteases. Many uncertainties about the regulation and mediators that participate in the process remain. To examine the relationship between caspase‐like activities and different apoptotic events (i.e., phosphatidylserine [PS] translocation), increases in membrane permeability and numbers of dead cells revealed by SYTOX‐green staining, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we used the broad‐range caspase inhibitor Boc‐D‐FMK to block the activity of the whole class of caspase‐like proteins simultaneously. In the presence of the inhibitor, ROS were not produced, and cells did not die. Loss of membrane asymmetry, indicated by external labeling of PS by annexin V, was apparent at midstages of light deprivation, although it did not conform to the typical pattern for PS exposure observed in metazoans or vascular plants, which occurs at early stages of the apoptotic event. Thus, we have evidence for a link between ROS and cell death involving caspase‐like enzymes in an alga. The fact that caspase‐like inhibitors prevent not only cell death, but also ROS and loss of cell membrane integrity and asymmetry, suggests that caspase‐like proteases might have regulatory roles early in cell death, in addition to dismantling functions.     

紫铆因对食管鳞癌细胞增殖和存活影响的初步研究

研究紫铆因对人食管鳞癌细胞增殖和存活的影响。通过MTS和软琼脂集落实验检测紫铆因对食管鳞癌增殖的抑制,生化分析仪检测紫铆因对食管鳞癌糖酵解的影响,并利用免疫印迹检测紫铆因对食管鳞癌细胞增殖和凋亡激活相关蛋白分子的表达。结果发现紫铆因剂量依赖性抑制KYSE150和Eca109细胞增殖,下调EGFR信号通路活化,抑制HK2的表达及糖酵解。一定浓度的紫铆因能诱导食管鳞癌细胞发生凋亡,caspase3和PARP被剪切,Bcl-2和Mcl-1表达下调,但Bcl-XL未见明显改变。结果证明紫铆因抑制食管鳞癌的增殖,可能与EGFR信号通路和糖酵解被抑制,及促存活蛋白Bcl-2和Mcl-1的表达下调有关。     

颌下腺导管细胞与胶原海绵细胞相容性的实验研究

为探讨胶原海绵对颌下腺 (submandibulargland ,SMG)导管细胞的细胞相容性 ,采用HE染色光镜观察及免疫组化观察SMG导管细胞接种于胶原海绵后 ,细胞的生长情况。光镜下可见接种后第 1d细胞数量较少 ,分散于胶原海绵支架中间 ,第 7d细胞数量明显增加 ,免疫组织化学染色抗IV型胶原抗体染色呈阳性 ,说明细胞与支架材料之间已经有细胞外基质产生。胶原海绵具有良好的细胞相容性 ,是一种理想的支架材料。与胶原海绵复合培养 ,颌下腺导管细胞仍可保持良好的增殖能力。     

Alternaria alternata AT Toxin Induces Programmed Cell Death in Tobacco

Detached tobacco leaves were infiltrated with an AT toxin preparation from the foliar pathogen Alternaria alternata tobacco pathotype. The AT toxin preparation caused formation of necrotic lesions within 5 days post-infiltration in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell death was accompanied by increased levels of the stress metabolites hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, free proline and by enhanced total protease activity. Lesion development and the production of stress metabolites were suppressed if the infiltration site was pre-infiltrated with caspase-specific peptide inhibitors (irreversible caspase-1 inhibitor acyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone (Ac-YVAD-CMK) and the broad range caspase inhibitor benzyoxycarbonyl-Asp-2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxymethylketone (Z-Asp-CH2-DCB)), the serine protease inhibitor Nα-p-tosyl- l -lysine chloromethylketone and the polyamine spermine. Extensive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as determined by staining with 3-3'-diaminobenzidine and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, was found in the AT toxin-challenged lesions. The data show that AT toxin-induced cell death in tobacco is a type of programmed cell death in which caspase-like proteases and ROS signalling play a prominent role.     

木质部细胞分化的程序

本文主要对近十几年来有关木质部细胞分化研究中使用的实验系统及用这些系统所取得的重要进展作了评述.并以作者实验室的研究成果为基础,结合国内外研究进展,提出木质部细胞分化程序由参与细胞编程死亡(PCD)和次生壁构建的全部基因综合编制而成.以PCD过程各阶段的划分标准来看,木质部细胞分化中从IAA诱导形成层细胞平周分裂到细胞扩大前为PCD的起始阶段,其间包括死亡信号的发生、接受和传导,以及启始caspase(半胱氨酰基天门冬氨酸蛋白酶)类似物(例如caspase-8类似物)的活化;木质部母细胞的径向扩大为PCD的效应阶段,而效应caspase类似物(例如caspase-3类似物)活化DNase、DNA的片段化及次生细胞壁的构建和各种细胞器的解体则为PCD的清除降解阶段.至今还无法将DNase活化及其引起的DNA断裂过程与次生细胞壁构建过程分开.     

敲除LSD1基因对人慢性髓系白血病K562细胞周期的影响

为了探讨敲除LSD1基因后抑制人慢性髓系白血病 K562细胞增殖的原因,使用前期CRISPR/Cas9技术构建的人慢性髓系白血病 K562 LSD1基因敲除株,通过细胞凋亡Annexin V/PI（碘化丙啶）双染色、细胞PI染色以及流式细胞术技术,探究敲除LSD1基因后,K562细胞的凋亡水平是否改变,细胞周期是否受到影响。结果表明敲除LSD1基因后K562细胞被阻滞在G0/G1期,进入DNA复制期的细胞变少,因此导致细胞增殖速度减慢;通过细胞凋亡Annexin V/PI双染色并分析早期以及晚期凋亡细胞总比例,显示敲除LSD1基因后,不影响K562细胞的凋亡。研究结果表明,敲除LSD1基因后人慢性髓系白血病 K562细胞的增殖受到抑制,这是由于K562细胞增殖周期发生了改变,进入DNA复制期和分裂期的细胞减少;而与细胞凋亡水平的变化无关。     

Protease Activity of Procaspase-8 Is Essential for Cell Survival by Inhibiting Both Apoptotic and Nonapoptotic Cell Death Dependent on Receptor-interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3

Caspase-8 has an important role as an initiator caspase during death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, it has been reported to contribute to the regulation of cell fate in various types of cells including T-cells. In this report, we show that caspase-8 has an essential role in cell survival in mouse T-lymphoma-derived L5178Y cells. The knockdown of caspase-8 expression decreased the growth rate and increased cell death, both of which were induced by the absence of protease activity of procaspase-8. The cell death was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, caspase activation, and autophagosome formation. The cell death was inhibited completely by treatment with ROS scavengers, but only partly by treatment with caspase inhibitors, expression of Bcl-xL, and knockdown of caspase-3 or Atg-7 which completely inhibits apoptosis or autophagosome formation, respectively, indicating that apoptosis and autophagy-associated cell death are induced simultaneously by the knockdown of caspase-8 expression. Further analysis indicated that RIP1 and RIP3 regulate this multiple cell death, because the cell death as well as ROS production was completely inhibited by not only treatment with the RIP1 inhibitor necrostatin-1, but also by knockdown of RIP3. Thus, in the absence of protease activity of procaspase-8, RIP1 and RIP3 simultaneously induce not only nonapoptotic cell death conceivably including autophagic cell death and necroptosis but also apoptosis through ROS production in mouse T-lymphoma cells.