蒙古绵羊 tnp1基因cDNA全编码区的克隆及序列分析

过渡蛋白1基因(tnp1)是圆形精子细胞特异表达的基因.绵羊tnp1基因的DNA序列至今尚未报道.为了开展绵羊圆形精子细胞标记基因的研究,根据其他物种tnp1基因cDNA的保守序列设计引物,从成年蒙古绵羊睾丸中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR和分子克隆方法,克隆了蒙古绵羊tnp1基因cDNA全编码区.该基因cDNA 长246 bp,包含一个168 bp的ORF,编码含有54个氨基酸的多肽链.DNA序列测定结果与牛的核苷酸序列比对,同源性为94.0%.绵羊tnp1基因的cDNA克隆和序列测定为进一步研究绵羊精子发生过程奠定了基础.     

绵羊cdh1基因cDNA全编码区的克隆及序列分析

在哺乳动物成体睾丸中,精子发生的过程开始于未分化的A型精原细胞的干细胞群.目前已有报道在小鼠未分化的A型精原细胞中特异性表达钙依赖性跨膜黏着蛋白基因(cdh1),但绵羊的cdh1基因全序列未见报道.为了更好地研究绵羊精原干细胞的特性,根据已报道的其他物种的cdh1基因的cDNA保守区设计引物,从成年蒙古绵羊睾丸中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR和分子克隆方法克隆了蒙古绵羊cdh1基因cDNA全编码区.DNA序列测定结果与牛的核苷酸序列比对,同源性为96.5％,说明该基因在进化上是高度保守的.这为制备绵羊CDHI的抗体奠定了基础,并且为绵羊精原干细胞的分子水平鉴定提供了研究备件.     

杜氏盐藻psaB基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

根据真核生物莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)、Chlamydomonas moewusii、Chlorella vulgaris以及Mesostigma viride的psaB基因的氨基酸高度保守序列,设计一对简并引物,利用TRIzol试剂提取杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella salina）细胞的总RNA,通过RT-PCR,得到的一段长为1.8kb左右的cDNA片段。PCR产物经T-A克隆并测序分析以及测序结果推导成氨基酸序列进行同源性比较,表明所克隆的1815bp序列为杜氏盐藻psaB cDNA片段,GenBank收录号为AY820754。根据已经得到的psaB序列推导成氨基酸序列与一些已知物种的psaB基因相比较,同源性分别为Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 92%,Chlamydomonas moewusii 91%,Chlorella vulgaris 86% , Mesostigma viride 85%,Physcomitrella patens subsp.Patens 85%, Nephroselmis olivacea 84%。据此可推断本实验中所克隆的序列为杜氏盐藻psaBcDNA序列。     

大鼠睾丸曲细精管组织支持细胞/生殖细胞长期共培养与精子发生分析

睾丸体外生殖模型的发展为体外研究睾丸的精子发生分子机制和睾丸毒理学提供了实验工具。很多报道的模型都无法真正地模拟体内复杂的生化分子及功能性相互作用从而导致研究价值有限。该实验拟建立一个体外长期维持睾丸生殖细胞存在,并能持续产生精子细胞的支持细胞/生殖细胞共培养体系。体系中的支持细胞和生殖细胞均由曲细精管组织块迁移到培养皿上,在不添加任何生长因子的情况下维持体外精子发生至圆形精子细胞超过2个月。RT-PCR分析显示,共培养细胞稳定表达cdh1、scp3、tnp2;免疫荧光染色结果显示,CDH1、PLZF、SCP3以及SOX9阳性细胞存在。这些结果例证了体系中同时存在精原干细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞和支持细胞。简单高效的支持细胞/生殖细胞体外共培养体系可用于雄性生殖的分子机制和毒理学研究。     

串珠镰孢霉D-泛解酸内酯水解酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用D_泛解酸内酯水解酶N末端序列,并根据NCBI中公布的D_泛解酸内酯水解酶cDNA序列设计了一个特异引物,该引物结合Oligo(dT) 1 5,以串珠镰孢霉(Fusariummoniliforme)CGMCC 0 5 36mRNA反转录得到的总cDNA为模板进行扩增,获得约1 5kb左右的片段,将其克隆到T载体上进行测序,对测得的序列进行分析,重新设计了一对引物,并在引物两端分别加上限制酶EcoRⅠ和SalⅠ的识别位点序列,利用热启动PCR成功地扩增出了D_泛解酸内酯水解酶基因,基因片段长度为114 6bp ,该序列同来源于尖镰孢霉菌(F .oxysporum)AKU 370 2菌株的编码D_泛解酸内酯水解酶cDNA结构基因的同源性为90 0 6 %。将所得片段定向克隆到pTrc99a载体中,转化至JM10 9感受态细胞,筛选出了阳性克隆。经IPTG诱导阳性菌,进行SDS_PAGE电泳,检测出在约4 0kD处有一蛋白表达带。对两株重组基因工程菌的比活力进行测定,结果分别为37U和4 1U。     

绒山羊Scp3基因的克隆及睾丸中第一轮减数分裂的发生

联会复合体蛋白3（synaptonemal complex protein 3, Scp3）是雄性生殖细胞减数分裂中联会复合体形成必需的组成部分,在哺乳动物生殖细胞减数分裂中具有重要功能。通过RT-PCR扩增和分子克隆的方法首次克隆到了绒山羊Scp3基因的编码区片段。测序结果表明,绒山羊与牛的Scp3基因编码序列同源率达到98％。根据测得的DNA序列,设计引物,用RT-PCR方法分析测定了青春前期绒山羊不同个体中睾丸组织的Scp3的转录表达。结果显示,雄性绒山羊青春前期睾丸发育存在个体差异,已分析的样品第一轮减数分裂发生的时间普遍为73天之后。这一结果为绒山羊的睾丸发育和精子发生过程的相关研究打下了基础。     

蚯蚓纤溶酶新基因EfP-0的电子克隆及其编码区序列RT-PCR验证

利用生物信息学手段,以期获得蚯蚓纤溶酶F-Ⅰ-0组分的基因。根据从粉正蚓（Lumbricus rubellus）中分离的FⅠ0组分的N端氨基酸序列VVGGSDTTIGQYPHQL,利用DNAMAN软件通过电子克隆方法,从Lumbricidae 的dbEST中获得该组分的核酸序列信息,设计特异引物, 经过RT-PCR,成功地从赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia foetida）中克隆到一条蚯蚓纤溶酶新基因,命名为EfP-0。EfP-0基因全长678bp, 编码225个氨基酸的成熟肽,属丝氨酸蛋白酶,胰蛋白酶家族,与F-Ⅰ-0组分的氨基酸组成非常接近。BLAST证明,EfP-0与已报道的蚯蚓纤溶酶基因之间的相似性均低于40％,因此为蚯蚓纤溶酶中的一个新基因,GenBank 登录号为DQ836917。构建的pMAL-c2x-EfP-0重组质粒,在大肠杆菌TB1中获得融合蛋白MBP-EfP-0的可溶性表达,表达产物有酪蛋白平板溶解活性。     

近平滑假丝酵母(R)-专一性羰基还原酶基因的克隆与表达*

根据纯化得到的?-专一性羰基还原酶(rCR)蛋白质测序结果推导出的核苷酸序列设计引物,以筛选得到的近平滑假丝酵母(Candida parapsilosis)CCTCC M203011基因组为模板,通过PCR扩增目的片段,克隆后测序。核苷酸序列测定结果表明rcr基因全长1011bp,共编码336个氨基酸,分子量为35·9kD。将序列递交NCBI比对,与醇脱氢酶超家族成员序列同源性达99%。在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)JM109中表达rcr基因,重组     

基于CRISPR/Cas9系统构建绵羊VASA基因敲入载体及验证

本研究旨在探索VASA基因在绵羊睾丸发育中的表达变化,并通过构建VASA基因敲入载体,为下一步进行绵羊生殖细胞体外诱导分化研究提供基础。采集性成熟前后即3月龄（3-month-old,3M）和9月龄（9-month-old,9M）绵羊睾丸组织,利用实时荧光定量PCR （quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR）和Western blotting技术分析VASA基因的差异表达,并利用免疫组织化学技术对VASA基因的表达定位进行分析。设计靶向VASA基因的向导RNA （guide RNA,gRNA）,并构建同源重组载体,进行质粒转染绵羊耳成纤维细胞。结合CRISPR/dCas9技术对VASA基因进行激活,进一步验证载体效率。结果表明,VASA基因随着绵羊睾丸发育,表达水平极显著增加（P<0.01）,且主要定位在精母细胞和圆形精子细胞中。利用CRISPR/Cas9系统构建了VASA基因敲入载体,联合pEGFP-PGK puro-VASA载体转染耳成纤维细胞,CRISPR/dCas9系统激活后,耳成纤维细胞成功表达VASA基因。结果提示,VASA基因在绵羊睾丸发育和精子发生中发挥潜在功能,且通过CRISPR/Cas9系统可在体外构建VASA基因敲入载体,为下一步探究VASA基因对绵羊雄性生殖细胞的发育和分化提供有效的研究手段。     

青花菜雄性不育相关基因BoDHAR的克隆与表达分析

以一个与甘蓝显性核不育相关的差异表达片段的序列为信息探针,通过在NCBI与TAIR网站数据库中进行同源EST序列搜索,经人工拼接、RT-PCR、PCR 克隆与序列分析,获得了青花菜脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶DHAR dehydroascorbate reductase 基因的 cDNA 与 DNA 全长序列,命名为BoDHAR。并利用双链接头介导 PCR 的染色体步行技术（genome walking）克隆了其上游 644bp 的5′端序列。所获的BoDHAR基因全长 1486bp,存在两个内含子,DNA 编码区序列633bp,编码210个氨基酸;序列分析表明：BoDHAR与同源基因AT1G195701cDNA 序列有 82.3% 的一致性,推导的氨基酸序列有 79.6% 的一致性;编码的水溶性蛋白存在多个磷酸化位点;5′端上游区存在明显的转录调控序列。半定量RT-PCR结果表明：BoDHAR 在可育系花蕾中的表达量明显高于不育系花蕾,在花药中的表达明显高于其它部位。     

Phylogenetic analysis of tnpR. genes in mercury resistant soil bacteria: the relationship between DNA sequencing and RFLP typing approaches

Abstract The diversity of resolvase ( tnpR ) genes carried by a number of mercury resistant soil bacteria has been investigated by DNA sequencing. The resulting DNA sequence information was compared to previously published tnp R. DNA sequences and to previously published restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) data, permitting the relationships between DNA sequencing and RFLP approaches to be studied by the use of phylogenetic trees. DNA maximum likelihood and DNA parsimony were used to construct a variety of phylogenetic trees. DNA sequencing confirmed the validity of RFLP analysis and highlighted the importance of restriction endonuclease choice upon the resulting RFLP patterns and dendrogram topology. The tnp R genes of two previously uncharacterised mercury resistant bacteria, T2–7 and T2–12 were also studied. DNA sequence data placed T2–7 in a previously described gene class, tnp R-D and T2–12 in a new gene class, tnp R-F. The significance of this data with respect to the recombination and evolution events occurring within bacterial populations are discussed.     

The turnip mutant of Arabidopsis reveals that LEAFY COTYLEDON1 expression mediates the effects of auxin and sugars to promote embryonic cell identity

The transition from embryonic to vegetative growth marks an important developmental stage in the plant life cycle. The turnip (tnp) mutant was identified in a screen for modifiers of POLARIS expression, a gene required for normal root growth. Mapping and molecular characterization of tnp shows that it represents a gain-of-function mutant of LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), due to a promoter mutation. This results in the ectopic expression of LEC1, but not of other LEC genes, in vegetative tissues. The LEC class of genes are known regulators of embryogenesis, involved in the control of embryonic cell identity by currently unknown mechanisms. Activation of the LEC-dependent pathway in tnp leads to the loss of hypocotyl epidermal cell marker expression and loss of SCARECROW expression in the endodermis, the ectopic accumulation of starch and lipids, and the up-regulation of early and late embryonic genes. tnp also shows partial deetiolation during dark growth. Penetrance of the mutant phenotype is strongly enhanced in the presence of exogenous auxin and sugars, but not by gibberellin or abscisic acid, and is antagonized by cytokinin. We propose that the role of LEC1 in embryonic cell fate control requires auxin and sucrose to promote cell division and embryonic differentiation.     

Polymorphism of the IGHA gene in sheep

Genetic variation in immunoglobulin A, the most abundant immunoglobulin in mammalian cells, has not been reported in ruminants. In this study, variation in the immunoglobulin heavy alpha chain constant gene (IGHA) of sheep was investigated by amplification of a fragment that included the hinge coding sequence, followed by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing. Three novel sequences, each characterized by unique SSCP banding patterns, were identified. One or two sequences were detected in individual sheep and all the sequences identified shared high homology to the published ovine and bovine IGHA sequences, suggesting that these sequences represent allelic variants of the IGHA gene in sheep. Sequence alignment showed that these sequences differed mainly in the 3′ end of exon 1 and in the coding sequence of the hinge region. There was either a deletion or an insertion of two codons in the hinge coding region in these allelic variants. Codon usage in the hinge coding region was quite different from that in the non-hinge coding regions of the gene, suggesting different evolution of the IGHA hinge sequence. Three novel amino acid sequences of ovine IGHA were also predicted, and variation in these sequences might not only affect antigen recognition but also susceptibility to cleavage by bacterial or parasitic proteases. Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the NCBI GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession nos. AY956424–AY956426.     

New insights into the organization and evolution of vertebrate IRBP genes and utility of IRBP gene sequences for the phylogenetic study of the Acanthomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei)

The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) coding gene has been used with success for the large-scale phylogeny of mammals. However, its phylogenetic worth had not been explored in Actinopterygians. We explored the evolution of the structure of the gene and compared the structure predicted from known sequences with that of a basal vertebrate lineage, the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. This sequence is described here for the first time. The structure made up of four tandem repeats (or modules) arranged in a single gene, as present in Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays) and tetrapods, is also present in sea lamprey. In teleosts, one to two paralogous copies of IRBP gene have been identified depending on the genomes. When the sequences from all modules for a wide sampling of vertebrates are compared and analyzed, all sequences previously assigned to a particular module appear to be clustered together, suggesting that the divergence among modules is older than the split between lampreys and other vertebrates. Finally, 92 acanthomorph teleosts were sequenced for the partial module 1 of the gene 2 (713 bp) to assess for the first time the use of this marker for the systematic studies of the Teleostei. The partial sequence is slightly more variable than other markers currently used for this group, and the resulting trees from our sequences recover most of the clades described in the recent molecular multi-marker studies of the Acanthomorpha. We recommend the use of partial sequences from the IRBP gene 2 as a marker for phylogenetic inference in teleosts.     

Identification of novel SNPs of ovine <Emphasis Type="Italic">PRL</Emphasis> gene and their association with milk production traits

Prolactin (PRL) is a lactogenic hormone that plays a significant role in milk production; its depletion in sheep provokes a severe reduction of milk secretion. Thus, PRL also could be used as a positional marker gene associated with milk production and composition traits. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to identify genotype frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms the intron 2 in ovine PRL gene and its possible association genotypes with milk traits in dairy sheep breeds. The genetic structures of ovine PRL gene were examined by PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing methods in three sheep populations. Four hundred and fifty blood and milk samples were used in the study, which included 150 samples from each of Sakiz, Akkaraman and Awassi ewes respectively. As a result, PRL genotype AA showed a strong association with milk yields content, whereas the animals carrying BB genotype had a higher fat percentage value in the three sheep breeds. Haplotype analysis of the obtained sequences showed the presence of 12 haplotypes in the PRL intron 2 region. In the present study, we have reported for the first time 48 SNPs of the PRL gene for intron 2 in dairy sheep breeds. These preliminary results indicate that the identified SNPs lend themselves readily for further research regarding physiological impacts such as milk production and reproductive traits in other dairy sheep populations.     

Characteristics of rat round spermatids differentiated from spermatogonial cells during co-culture with Sertoli cells, assessed by flow cytometry, microinsemination and RT-PCR

The present study was undertaken to investigate whether rat spermatogonial stem cells can differentiate into developmentally competent round spermatids during co-culture with Sertoli cells. Type-A spermatogonia and Sertoli cells were prepared from 7-d-old Wistar-strain male rats, and seeded at 4 x 10(6) cells/ 4 mL/35-mm dish (Day 0). They were co-cultured at 37 degrees C for 3 d and at 34 degrees C for the subsequent 7d in 5% CO(2)/air. Round spermatid-like cells (approximately 15 microm in diameter) were first observed on Day 5. A flow cytometric analysis showed that a single peak of haploid cells was detected in the cell populations harvested on Day 10. The participation of the spermatid-like cells to full-term development was examined by microinjection into activated oocytes. The oviductal transfer of 143 microinseminated oocytes resulted in only 8 implantation sites (6%), but no viable offspring. The expression of the round spermatid-specific marker gene, PRM-2, was confirmed in the Day 10 cell population by RT-PCR; however, no mRNA of two other haploid makers, TP1 or TP2, was detected. These results suggested that rat type-A spermatogonial cells underwent meiosis during the primary co-culture with the Sertoli cells, based on morphology, flow cytometry and PRM-2 expression, but the normality of the spermatid-like cells was not supported by microinsemination and TP1/2 expression.