哺乳动物细胞去核产物(胞质体及核体)的结构与功能研究

1967年Carter发现细胞松弛素可以诱发组织培养细胞的自发排核之后,Prescott(1972)借助细胞松弛素存在下的离心处理,使这一排核现象普遍化,从而确立了体外细胞去核的标准方法。经过不断改进(croce et al., 1974;Veomett et al., 1976;Lucas etal., 1976;Wigler et al., 1975),现在,这一技术已广泛应用于细胞学研究的各个重要领域(Mc Burney et al., 1979;Goldman et al., 1974;du Bols et al., 1980)。细胞去核技术及其应用的研究在我国已有初步开展(陈瑞铭等,1979;沈鼎武等,1980)。本实验对二种上皮型传代细胞系进行了去核手术,用扫描电镜和透射电镜对所获得的胞质体     

小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞被S-O_2-I菌苗激活后的抑瘤作用——Ⅱ.小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞被动转移的抑瘤效应及其肿瘤的病理观察

众所周知肿瘤的发展受宿主免疫功能的影响,当机体免疫功能下降时,肿瘤发展快,死亡率也高。卡介苗和厌氧棒状杆菌苗等一类的细菌佐剂能提高机体的免疫功能,增强机体对肿瘤细胞的排斥能力,它们的抗肿瘤活性和临床应用已有大量报道(Cross et al.,1976;Yamamura et al.,1979;Woodruff et al.,1975;Isral et al.,1976)。近年来,发现S-O_2-1菌苗在临床试用中,具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,并且副作用小,因     

角百灵和小云雀的孵化行为

鸟类的个体发育是在双亲、雏鸟及巢组成的一种特殊环境中完成的,稳定的热环境是它们完成孵化和雏鸟生长发育的必要条件(White et al., 1974; Purdue, 1976; Ellis, 1982; Haftorn, 1983; Morton et al., 1985; Schnace et al., 1991; Vatnick et al., 1998; 张晓爱等,1995).因此亲鸟的伴巢行为及时间花费在保证繁殖成功中起重要作用.伴巢行为是指亲鸟在繁殖期间,为筑巢、防御、抱卵、孵雏及递食而出现在巢中或附近的所有行为(Oppenhaim, 1972).亲鸟拌巢的时间分配与巢环境有密切关系,已有大量的报道(如Purdue, 1976; Ellis,1982; Schnace et al., 1991;张晓爱等, 1995). 张晓爱等(1995)比较了高寒草甸地区的地面、灌丛及洞穴3种不同营巢类型亲鸟的伴巢时间分配模式,但是对亲缘关系较近,营巢生境相同鸟类之间的伴巢时间分配模式,以及坐巢行为与巢环境之间关系没有报道,国外对这方面的报道也甚少.本项研究选择高寒草甸的两种百灵科鸟:角百灵(Eremophila alpestris)和小云雀(Alauda gulgula)作为研究对象来比较亲鸟在孵化期坐巢行为与巢址微环境的关系,对研究鸟类繁殖行为与环境关系及从生活史进化角度研究相似种的共存机制提供理论依据.     

大鳞副泥鳅雄核单倍体的早期发育

目前,有关鱼类雄核发育的研究已见于川鲽(Platichthys flesus)、马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou)、虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、红点溪鳟(Salvelinus fontinalis)、鲤鱼(Cyprnus carpio)、尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)等(Purdom,1969;Arai et al., 1979; Scheerer et al., 1991; May et al., 1988; Bongers et al., 1994;Grunina et al., 1990; Meyers, 1995; Masaoka et al., 1995; 赵振山等,1998;Corley-Smith et al., 1996).     

土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫的扫描电镜观察

血吸虫类中如血居科(sanguinicolidae)的Aporocotyle simplex Odhner,1900、裂体科(Schistosomatidae)的日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)曼氏血吸虫(S.mansoni)及埃及血吸虫(S.haematobium)等多种血吸虫均经扫描电镜观察(Johnson and Moriearts,1969;Silk et al., 1969;Robson and Erasmus, 1970; Miller et al., 1972; Kuntz et al.,1976、1977;Voge et al., 1978; Thulin, 1980;及何毅勋和马金鑫,1980等)。关于土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫[Orientobitharzia lurkestanica(skrjabin,1913)Dut et Srivastava,1955]的体表扫描电镜尚无报告,而只见有此虫种体壁及肠管的透射电镜观察的资料(Lavrov and Fedoseenke,1978)。本文部分作者最近在内蒙东部兴安岭以南部分地区进行牛羊土     

神农架川金丝猴粪便和尿液中类固醇激素的检测

灵长类动物类固醇激素的研究已经在很多物种间展开(Cariso et al.,1999;Lutz et al.,2000;He et al.,2001;Yan and Jiang,2006;Brandon et al.,2008;Lu et al.,2010;Kim et al.,2012)。特别是对于没有明显发情特征的灵长类动物,类固醇激素的变化可以为它们的繁殖状态提供更多可靠的评估(Fujita et al.,2001)。自然状态下野生动     

SOCS-3 contributes to bisphenol a exposure-induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes

<正>Dear Editor,Bisphenol A (BPA), a common and widely used monomer in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin,(Healy et al., 2015; De Filippis et al., 2018) has been defined as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with the etiology of insulin resistance (IR)(Gioiosa et al., 2015;Wei et al., 2017) and metabolic disorders (Padmanabhan et al., 2010; Fang et al., 2015; Balistrieri et al., 2018). However,     

核体合成自身DNA与病毒DNA的能力

近年来,用松胞素B(简称CB)诱导细胞去核的技术已被许多学者应用于细胞内大分子代谢及其调控过程的核质关系研究中(Colonne et al.,1980;Premveer et al.,1980;White et al., 1982)。我们在对CB诱导的去核产物的研究基础上(何大澄等1982),对核体内RNA的合成进行了研究,表明核体合成RNA的能力与核体贴壁和所带质膜的完整性以及胞质量多少有关(戎宪辉等1984)。此外,我们还研究了两种小RNA病毒和痘病毒的核酸在胞质体内的复制,证明它们的复制可以不依赖细胞核     

Interaction between Bms1 and Rcl1,two ribosome biogenesis factors,is evolutionally conserved in zebrafish and human

正Ribosomes are large RNA and protein complexes that function as the machinery for translation protein synthesis(Boisvert et al.,2007;Ben-Shem et al.,2011;Henras et al.,2015;Khatter et al.,2015;McCann et al.,2015).The eukaryotic ribosome is composed of two subunits,the 60S large subunit(LSU)and the 40S small subunit(SSU),which collectively comprise of four different ribosomal RNA(rRNA)species and more than 70 proteins(Ben-Shem et al.,2011;Henras et al.,2015;Khatter et al.,2015).The LSU contains     

密簇斜盖伞菌中水溶性多糖的研究*IV．抑瘤活性的比较研究

近年来有关多糖抑瘤作用与结构的关系已有不少报道(Chihara,1970;Ueno et al.,1982;Miya-zaki et al.,1979;Misaki et al.,1981;Inoue et al.,1983;张翼伸、李冶平,1981),但尚无严格的规律可循。不同的多糖结构,不同的瘤株,剂量大小,给药途径等都有不同的效应。为进一步探讨多糖抑瘤与结构的关系,作者以密簇斜盖伞菌(Clitopilus caespitosus)中提取的两种多糖及其化学修饰物为材料,对它们的抑瘤活性进行了比较研究,现将结果报道如下。     

云南景东地区四川湍蛙的核型,C—带和Ag—NORs的研究

本文报道了云南景东四川湍蛙的核型：２ｎ＝２６（２０Ｍ＋６ｓＭ），ＮＦ＝５２，５＋８模式，次缢痕以及Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ均位于６ｐｉｎｔｅｒ，Ｃ－带阳性分布于全部染色体的着丝点区域和８ｑｉｎｔｅｒ，但６ｐｉｎｔｅｒ１２ｐｔｅｒ和１３ｑｔｅｒ等处间或也显示Ｃ－带正染。没有发现与性别相关的异形染色体。与采自四川宝兴地区的居群作了比较，并讨论了细胞地理学问题。     

条叶车前和小车前的核型报道

本文报道了车前属两种车前的核型。Ｐｌａｎｔａｇｏｌｅｓｉｎｇｉ为２ｎ＝１２,核型属于“２Ａ”,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｍ;Ｐ．ｍｉｎｕｔａ为２ｎ＝１２,核型仍属“２Ａ”型,核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝８ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ。染色体相对长度组成,前者２ｎ＝２Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋２Ｓ１,后为２ｎ＝６Ｍ２＋６Ｍ１,染色体总长分别为３０．６０、２９．８０,由１２条染色体组成,还测量了这两种车前的染色体体积。     

多花水仙(Narcissus tozetta L.)染色体基数x=10和X=11之间进化关系的研究

多花水仙的染色体基数有x=10和x=11两类。基数x=10组型有两种,一种是具6长、4短的典型不对称的二形染色体组型;另一种是具有4长、2中、4短(或5长、2中、3短)的非二形染色体组型。基数x=11则具有4长、2中、5短(或5长、2中、4短)的非二型或非典型二形的染色体组型。x=10的典型不对称的二形染色体组型是原始的组型。基数x=11是从原始的x=10、2n=20组型中的(第5、6号)染色体发生不等长易位后,增加了一对短小的中着丝粒染色体而形成的。另一个x=10、2n=20的非二型新组型,可能从x=11组型丢失了短小的中着丝粒染色体衍生而来,也可能从易位后的个体所产生的不含中着丝粒染色体的雌、雄n配子结合而得到。     

水稻(Oryza sativa)核型分析

水稻(Oryza sativa)核型分析结果:在12对染色体中,具中部着丝点的有5对,近中部着丝点的有6对(包括随体染色体),1对近端部着丝点。本文还着重讨论了随体的数目及所在的染色体。     

睡莲科的核型分析及其分类学位置的探讨

本文对睡莲科6属6种代表植物的核型进行了研究,并探讨了它的分类学位置。结果如下：莲2n＝16=9sm+4m+3st;王莲2n＝24=8sm+8m+8T,蓝睡莲2n＝28,可配成14对,染色体小,第l号染色体上有2条随体;萍蓬草2n＝34＝18m+16sm;芡实2n=58,可配成29对,染色体小,第l号染色体有2条随体,莼菜2n＝72,可配成36对,染色体按大小可分成大,中、小三个类别。除莲外,其它5种植物的核型为首次报道。莼菜的体细胞染色体数目2n＝72和国外报道的2n＝80不相一致。莲的染色体以及形态学特征和其它睡莲科分类群显著不同,可将其从睡莲科中独立出来,并成立莲科和莲目。原归属于睡莲科的分类群仍组成睡莲目,并分别置于莼菜科和睡莲科。     

水稻(Oryza sativa)核型分析

水稻(Oryza sativa)核型分析结果:在12对染色体中,具中部着丝点的有5对,近中部着丝点的有6对(包括随体染色体),1对近端部着丝点。本文还着重讨论了随体的数目及所在的染色体。     

中国五种锄足蟾科无尾两栖动物的细胞遗传学研究

本文对中国５种锄足蟾科无尾两栖动物的骨髓细胞有丝分裂中期作了细胞遗传学研究,内容包括核型、Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ和Ｃ－带。研究结果表明景东角蟾：２ｎ＝２６（２０Ｍ＋４ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ）,５＋８,ＳＣ和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于６ｐ＾ｐｅｒ,同时呈Ｃ－带正染。Ｃ－带以着丝点区域正染为主;粗皮角蟾：２ｎ＝２６（２０Ｍ＋６ＳＭ）,５＋８,Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ在６ｑ＾ｉｎｔｅｒ,以着丝点Ｃ－带为主,但Ｎｏｓ．１２,１３有明显的端位     

Occurrence of B chromosomes in Tetragonisca Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini): A new contribution to the cytotaxonomy of the genus

Tetragonisca angustula and Tetragonisca fiebrigi have recently been listed as valid species. This study aimed to cytogenetically investigate both species, emphasizing the new registry of B chromosomes in the tribe Meliponini. We analyzed colonies of T. angustula and T. fiebrigi collected at Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil, through conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, and base-specific fluorochrome staining (CMA(3)/DAPI). T. angustula showed 2n = 34 chromosomes in females and n = 17 in males, with karyotype formula 2K = 34A(M). T. fiebrigi showed numeric variation, with chromosome number varying from 2n = 34 to 2n = 36 in females and from n = 17 to n = 18 in males, with karyotype formula 2K = 32A(M)+2A(Mc) and 2K = 32A(M)+2A(Mc) + 1 or 2 B-chromosomes. The B chromosomes are heterochromatic. In T. fiebrigi, the CMA(3)/DAPI staining revealed four chromosomes with a CMA(3) positive band. All individuals from the same colony showed the same number of B chromosomes. T. angustula and T. fiebrigi showed karyotype divergence, principally due to the presence of B chromosomes, which are found only in T. fiebrigi. Our data corroborate the status of valid species for both T. angustula and T. fiebrigi, as recently proposed.     

田菁染色体核型分析

田菁(Sesbania cannabina(Retz.)Pers)作为绿肥,在广西广为栽种。尚未见过田菁染色体核型的报道,因此我们对它进行染色休核型分析,旨在能为遗传种提供细胞学依据资料。     

Karyotype evolution and geographical distribution of the Thai-medaka, Oryzias minutillus, in Thailand

The karyotype of Oryzias minutillus was examined with specimens collected from 18 localities in Thailand. Specimens from the south and the northeast had 2n = 42 acrocentric chromosomes; the arm number (NF) was 42 and NORs-chromosomes were acrocentric type (2n = 42, NF = 42, NORs-A). Specimens from the central and the north were characteristic by having 8-12 large metacentric chromosomes (LM-chromosomes). They had 2n = 28–34 chromosomes, and shared the same NF and NORs-chromosomes of submetacentric type (2n = 34-28, NF = 44, NORs-SM). Specimens from the southeast had 2n = 42 or 40 chromosomes. Their karyotypes had the same NF and NORs-chromosomes as those from the central and the north (2n = 40–42, NF = 44, NORs-SM), though they had no, or only one pair of, LM-chromosomes. The karyotype with 42 acrocentric chromosomes seems to be basic for O. minutillus , and consequently those with NORs-SM and LM-chromosomes seem to be caused through pericentric inversion and centric fusion, respectively. We confirmed that the karyotype evolution had occurred in drainage areas of the Mae Nam Chao Phraya and collaterals (the central, north and southeast). On the other hand, the basic karyotype was preserved allopatrically in the peninsula (the south) and the basin of the Mae Nam Mun, a tributary of the Mekong (the northeast).