我国沿海双唇形突海链藻的形态学研究

唇形突是海链藻中常见的一类突起, 其形态学特征和排列方式是重要的分类学依据。绝大多数海链藻只有一个唇形突, 两个唇形突的现象仅报道于极少数海链藻种类。我国关于双唇形突海链藻的报道较少。研究利用扫描电镜(SEM)技术, 对采自我国沿海海域的自然水样, 以及分离获得的单克隆培养藻株进行了形态学观察, 针对其中的海链藻属Thalassiosira Cleve种类开展了形态学的专题研究。报道了4个具有双唇形突的海链藻种类, 分别是有翼海链藻T. bipartita (Rattray) Hallegraeff、脆弱海链藻T. fragilis Fryxell、亨氏海链藻T. hendeyi Hasle &; Fryxell和维斯吉思海链藻T. visurgis Hustedt, 其中有3个为我国新记录种类: 脆弱海链藻、亨氏海链藻和维斯吉思海链藻。对每个种类的形态学特征、生活习性和生态分布进行了描述, 提供了扫描电镜照片, 对相似种类的形态学特征进行了比较研究, 分析了唇形突的变化类型及其分类学价值。     

我国沿海线形亚属海链藻的形态学研究

壳面孔纹的形态学特征是海链藻的重要分类学依据之一。线形亚属的海链藻种类大多是从圆筛藻属修订而来, 它们之间的区别特征细微, 需电镜下观察才能准确鉴定。我国关于线形亚属海链藻的报道较少。研究利用电镜(EM)技术, 对采自我国沿海海域的自然水样, 以及分离获得的单克隆培养藻株进行了形态学观察, 针对其中的海链藻属Thalassiosira Cleve种类开展了形态分类学的专题研究。报道了6个隶属于线形亚属的海链藻种类, 分别是紧密海链藻T. densannula Hasle &; Fryxell、微小海链藻T. exigua Fryxell &; Hasle、线形海链藻T. lineata Jousé、微线形海链藻T. nanolineata (Mann) Fryxell &; Hasle、结线形海链藻T. nodulolineata (Hendey) Hasle &; Fryxell和柔弱海链藻T. tenera Proschkina-Lavrenko, 其中有4个为我国新记录种类: 紧密海链藻、线形海链藻、微线形海链藻和结线形海链藻。对每个种类的形态学特征、生活习性和生态分布进行了描述, 提供了电镜照片。对相似种类的形态学特征进行了比较研究, 分析了孔纹特征的变化类型及其分类学意义。     

我国沿海闭合突海链藻的形态学研究

闭合突是一类特殊的突起, 仅报道于少数海链藻种类, 其形态学特征和排列方式是重要的分类学依据。我国关于闭合突海链藻的报道较少。研究利用扫描电镜(SEM)技术, 对采自我国沿海海域的自然水样, 以及分离获得的单克隆培养藻株进行了形态学观察, 针对其中的海链藻属Thalassiosira Cleve种类开展了形态分类学的专题研究。报道了5个具有闭合突的海链藻种类, 分别是西达礁海链藻T. cedarkeyensis Prasad、偏心海链藻T. eccentrica (Ehrenberg) Cleve、伦德海链藻T. lundiana Fryxell、细孔海链藻T. punctigera (Castracane) Hasle和管状海链藻T. tubifera Fryxell, 其中有3个为我国新记录种类: 西达礁海链藻、细孔海链藻和管状海链藻。对每个种类的形态学特征和生境进行了描述, 提供了扫描电镜照片, 对相似种类的形态学特征进行了比较研究, 分析了突起特征的变化类型及其分类学价值。       

小盘藻属，我国微型硅藻类的一个新记录属

本文描述了我国首次记录的小盘藻属Minidiscus硅藻四种。主要特征是壳缘无环突起,壳面上 的支持突和1个唇形突均远离壳缘。小盘藻M．trioculatus,奇特小盘藻M．comicus和智利小盘藻M．chilensis为我国的新记录;细弱小盘藻M．subtilis为新种。它们的主要区别在于壳面花纹及支持突和唇形突排列方式的不同。     

采自广东大亚湾水域的海链藻属一新种——扇形海链藻

为澄清广东大亚湾水域海链藻属的物种多样性, 研究建立了它的单克隆培养株系。结合光镜和扫描电镜下的形态学特征, 以及基于核糖体大、小亚基序列的分子系统发育分析, 报道了中国海链藻属的1个新种, 即扇形海链藻Thalassiosira flabellata sp. nov. X.H. Guo, Y.Q. Guo & Y. Li。该种以短链状群体或单细胞生活, 壳面具有一圈壳缘支持突、一个中央支持突和一个壳缘唇形突。壳面孔纹束状排列, 是此种的典型特征。此种与帕尔海链藻T. partheneia较为相似, 区别特征如下: 此种的壳面支持突和唇形突均具有外管, 而帕尔海链藻的突起没有外管, 只有内管; 其次, 此种的壳面较平, 而帕尔海链藻的壳面隆起呈鼓状; 第三, 此种的中央支持突具有3个围孔, 而帕尔海链藻具有4—5个围孔。     

海链藻属重要形态学特征的二次研究——以艾伦海链藻为例

海链藻属（Thalassiosira Cleve）是硅藻门中物种多样性最为丰富的大属之一,广泛分布于全球各类水体。目前沿用的海链藻属分类体系是基于形态特征建立的,尤其是电镜下的超微特征具有重要的分类价值。然而,也有研究认为某些形态特征存在不稳定或变化的情况,应对其开展二次研究和重新评估。故此,本文选择全球近岸广布种艾伦海链藻（T.allen Takano）作为典型代表,基于建立的单克隆培养株系,结合传统形态学方法和现代分子生物学技术,对其重要形态特征进行了二次研究。结果显示：（1）艾伦海链藻壳面孔纹的排列方式存在一定的变化,呈切线形或偏心状;壳缘唇形突的位置多有变化,占据一个壳缘支持突的位置、或位于两个壳缘支持突正中间、或靠近其中一个。艾伦海链藻这两个特征并不具有较高的稳定性,其分类学意义或应降低;（2）壳缘不具有肋纹,此特征相对稳定,可作为艾伦海链藻的识别特征之一;（3）艾伦海链藻具有较保守的遗传多样性,尚未发现（拟）隐形种。结合其它海链藻的形态学报道,我们认为孔纹排列方式易受环境的影响,稳定性较差,在分类时应慎重应用;壳缘唇形突的位置在少数海链藻属物种中易发生变化,分类时应视具体物种而针对性应用;支持突等突起特征较为稳定,在海链藻属物种的分类体系中仍可作为重要依据;艾伦海链藻中壳缘肋纹具有较好的稳定性,可作为分类依据,但在其它海链藻属物种中是否也具有很好的分类价值,还需要更多的研究加以验证;分子信息在形态特征上的二次研究和评价中具有重要应用价值,但目前相关分子数据的缺乏和不足限制了对其进一步的研究。本研究对重新评估艾伦海链藻形态特征的分类学价值、完善现存的分类学体系提供了参考。     

新疆舟形藻属(硅藻门)中国新记录

报道了采自新疆的舟形藻属（硅藻门）中国新记录7个分类单位,如下所示：辐头舟形藻(Navicula capitatoradiata Germain)、辐指舟形藻(N. digitoradiata(Gregory) Ralfs)、瑞卡德提舟形藻(N. reichardtiana Lange-Bertalot)、针状舟形藻(N. spicula (Hickie) Cleve)、近小胎座舟形藻(N. subplacentula Hustedt)、琐细舟形藻(N. trivialis Lange Bertalot)和上凸舟形藻(N. upsaliensis(Grunow) Peragallo)。并对其分类学特征以及采集地生境进行了详细地描述。     

菱板藻属（硅藻门）中国新纪录种

报道采自新疆及内蒙古地区的菱板藻属（硅藻门）中国新纪录植物7种,分别为丰富菱板藻（Hantzschia abundans Lange-Bertalot）、喜碱菱板藻（H.alkaliphila Lange-Bertalot）、巴克豪森菱板藻（H.barckhausenii Lange-Bertalot &; Metzeltin）、较长菱板藻（H.longa Lange-Bertalot）、仿密集菱板藻（H.paracompacta Lange-Bertalot）、美丽菱板藻（H.spectabilis(Ehrenberg) Hustedt）和近活跃菱板藻（H.subvivacior Lange-Bertalot）。对其分类学特征进行了详细的描述,并给出了光镜或扫描电镜照片以及生境特征等,为该属种类的世界地理分布提供新资料。     

宝山堇菜（Viola baoshanensis）、紫花地丁(V. yedoensis)光合异质性比较

利用荧光成像技术,研究了特定和不同光合有效辐射下,宝山堇菜（Viola baoshanensis）、紫花地丁 (V. yedoensis)不同叶龄（幼叶和成熟叶片）叶片纵向（叶基、叶中部、叶尖）间的光合异质性特征。特定光化光照射下,两种堇菜不同叶龄的F_v/F_m、ΦpsⅡ、qP、PS/50和Abs在叶尖、叶中部、叶基间呈依次降低趋势,NPQ/4和qN变化趋势与之相反。F_v/F_m、ΦpsⅡ和Abs在两种堇菜不同叶龄的叶片纵向间均没有显著性差异,NPQ/4和qN均显示宝山堇菜不同叶龄的叶片纵向间存在显著差异;但NPQ/4和qN分别显示紫花地丁成熟叶和幼叶叶片的叶尖和叶基处差异显著。qP的显著差异只存在于宝山堇菜幼叶的叶尖和叶基处,PS/50在两种植物幼叶纵向间均有显著差异。快速光曲线的变化中,两种堇菜α由叶尖向叶基下降幅度不明显,幼叶纵向间P_m差异显著,成熟叶叶尖处P_m显著高于叶中部和叶基。两种堇菜成熟叶叶尖处I_k显著高于叶中部和叶基,宝山堇菜幼叶纵向间I_k差异显著,而紫花地丁幼叶纵向间I_k差异不显著。以上结果反映出两种堇菜叶片纵向间F_v/F_m和ΦpsⅡ具有较高的均质性,F_v/F_m和ΦpsⅡ的下降受到NPQ/4、qN、qP、PS/50和Abs的综合影响,但F_v/F_m和ΦpsⅡ的变化与NPQ/4、qN、qP、PS/50的显著变化并不一致。叶龄对两种堇菜叶片纵向间α影响不显著,对P_m影响显著,α的小幅下降反映两种堇菜叶片纵向间捕光能力基本相同。叶片纵向间I_k的显著差异受叶龄和植物种类的综合影响。     

东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiensis）对原生动物群落结构影响的现场船基实验

2005年在长江口赤潮频发海域调查期间,分别于4月27日、5月4日和5月8日,在zzf1、zc18a和ra5站位利用现场船基培养的方法,研究了添加到赤潮密度106 cells L-1的东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）对原生动物群落结构的影响。结果发现,赤潮密度的东海原甲藻抑制了小型无壳纤毛虫的种群数量,而没有抑制中大型砂壳纤毛虫和夜光虫（Noctiluca scintillans）的种群数量,从而使得原生动物群落向中大型种类演替,这种影响的程度与原生动物本身的群落组成和浮游植物的组成密切相关。添加东海原甲藻72 h后,在以小型无壳纤毛虫管游虫（Cyrtostrombidium sp.）为优势种的zzf1站位,演替为以大型原生动物夜光虫为优势种的群落;在以中大型原生动物百乐拟铃虫（Tintinnospsis beroidea）和夜光虫为优势种的zc18a站位,仍然是以此为优势种,且大型原生动物夜光虫在群落中的比例上升;在以小型无壳纤毛虫急游虫2（Strombidium sp.2）为优势种的ra5站位,演替为以中大型原生动物百乐拟铃虫和亚速岛网纹虫（Favella azorica）为优势种的群落。zzf1和ra5站位实验组中原生动物的总丰度都呈下降趋势,而zc18a站位变化不明显,这是由于前两个站位的最优势种管游虫（zzf1站位）和急游虫2（ra5站位）的丰度迅速下降,而zc18a站位的优势种百乐拟铃虫和夜光虫的丰度比较稳定造成的。在zzf1和zc18a站位,对照组和实验组中原生动物的总生物量在实验前后都没有大的变化,而在ra5站位却均呈下降的趋势。这可能与浮游植物的组成有关,zzf1和zc18a站位是以无毒的锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）和螺旋环沟藻（Gyrodinium spirale）为主,而ra5站位是以有毒的亚历山大藻（Alexandrium sp.）为主。综上可见,可预测当东海大规模赤潮爆发时,会使原生动物群落向中大型种类演替,进而可能影响海洋生态系统的结构和功能。     

Description of Conticribra tricircularis,a new genus and species of Thalassiosirales,with a discussion on its relationship to other continuous cribra species of Thalassiosira Cleve (Bacillariophyta) and its freshwater origin

A new diatom genus Conticribra is erected to accommodate C. tricircularis, described from a freshwater Pliocene deposit in Trout Creek, Oregon (USA). The genus accommodates species possessing: (i) loculate areolae with (semi-) continuous cribra; (ii) non-plicated valve face; (iii) rimoportula located on the valve mantle, replacing a fultoportula. Conticribra tricircularis has no valve face fultoportulae and can easily be distinguished by its marginal fultoportulae with four satellite pores arranged in three rings. Three species are transferred to the new genus from Thalassiosira sensu lato. Using evidence from the fossil record and recent molecular data, a hypothesis concerning the freshwater origin of Conticribra is discussed.     

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Thalassiosira sinica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) with delicate areolae and fultoportulae pattern

Thalassiosira Cleve is one of the most species-rich marine diatom genera. Previous studies have mainly focused on polar and temperate areas, but recent studies on material from Asian waters suggested that a high and undescribed species diversity of Thalassiosira occurs in Asia. On the basis of plankton samples collected from the South China Sea, a new species, T. sinica sp. nov. Y. Li & Y. Q. Guo is described. The morphology of the cells was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The hypervariable region of the nuclear large-subunit ribosomal DNA and the relatively conserved region of the nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA were sequenced for information on phylogenetic relationships. The living cells are usually solitary and drum-shaped. The areolae on the valve are delicate, small and arranged in fascicles. In addition to a regular ring of marginal fultoportulae on the valve edge, T. sinica possesses one central fultoportula and a number of fultoportulae arranged into 2–3 irregular rings on the valve face. A rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal fultoportulae possesses a long and strong external tube. The valvocopula and the copulae have rows of pores, but the pores on the valvocopula are larger than those on the copulae. Thalassiosira sinica appears to be included in subgroup C sensu Gedde because of a rimoportula with a distinct external tube located on the valve face. The molecular phylogeny, inferred from both SSU and LSU sequences, does, however, not support the validity of subgroup C, as the closest allies of T. sinica here turned out to be T. diporocyclus and T. lundiana, species in which the rimoportulae are located on the valve margin.     

New freshwater diatom genus,Edtheriotia gen. nov. of the Stephanodiscaceae (Bacillariophyta) from south‐central China

We describe a new genus and species of the diatom family Stephanodiscaceae with light and scanning electron microscopy from Libo Small Hole, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. Edtheriotia guizhoiana gen. & sp. nov. has striae across the valve face of varying lengths, and are composed of fine striae towards the margin and onto the mantle. Many round to stellate siliceous nodules cover the exterior of the valve. External fultoportulae opening are short tubes; the opening of the rimportula lacks a tube. Internally a hyaline rim is positioned near the margin. Marginal fultoportulae possess two arcuate opercles. Areolae have domed cribra on the valve face. Those near the margin do not open to the interior. One to three sessile to slightly‐raised rimportulae are placed on the valve face towards the margin; they do not terminate shortened striae towards the center of the valve. This suite of features distinguishes this group from other known genera in the Stephanodicaeae. Cyclotella shanxiensis is transferred to Edtheriotia, making the new combination E. shanxiensis (Xie & Qi) Kociolek et al. comb. nov. It differs from E. guizhoiana by the presence of open pores near the margin of the valve. Features of the new genus are compared and contrasted with others in the Family Stephanodiscaceae. The two species of the genus, unlike most in the family, are known only from rivers and ponds from China and Japan.     

Miosira rhoenana n. gen. n. sp. (Bacillariophyceae) aus miozänen limnischen Sedimenten der Rhön im Vergleich mit anderen zentrischen Diatomeen

A mass occurrence of peculiar centric diatoms was found in a freshwater diatomite included in Miocene deposits of the Rhoen mountains in Central Germany. Similar forms were determined asMelosira jouseana in the literature. However, detailed observations in the LM and SEM exhibit morphologic characteristics which are completely unknown inMelosira and inAulacoseira. Regular triangulate and trilobate outlines of the valve faces occur and dominate besides circular ones. Variable support partitions and pillars are inserted between discus and Ringleiste. Such stabilizing elements are lacking in all comparable recent and known fossil genera. Instead of the extensive cingulum inAulacoseira the cells possess only a single copula which encloses the very short collum. A structure (l“fringe-curtain“) starting from the distal margin of this copula covers like a grid the mantle of the associated valve. Sulcus and pseudosulcus do not occur and rimoportulae or fultoportulae were not observed. Therefore a new genus is introduced with a new species,Miosira rhoenana. Miosira jouseana in the new combination is based onMelosira jouseana Moiseeva 1971.     

PUNCTICULATA VERSIFORMIS SP. NOV. AND CYCLOTELLA KATHMANDUENSIS SP. NOV. (BACILLARIOPHYTA), NEW FOSSIL SPECIES FROM MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS,KATHMANDU, NEPAL HIMALAYA1

New fossil species, Puncticulata versiformis sp. nov. and Cyclotella kathmanduensis sp. nov., are described from lacustrine sediments in the Kathmandu Basin on the southern slope of the Nepal Himalaya. They were dominant in the Middle Pleistocene. Both LM and SEM observations reveal their unique morphological features. Puncticulata versiformis is characterized by (1) various valve outlines (circular, elliptical, or oval), (2) a tangentially undulate central area, (3) a complex alveolar structure composed of three kinds of costae (thick costae, thin costae, and thin and short costae), (4) well‐developed spines (Y‐shaped and tapering) located on one side of the valve face/mantle area junction, and (5) a valvocopula with an extremely undulate margin. The species‐specific feature of C. kathmanduensis is the presence of two kinds of alveolate zones in a single valve: type‐1 zone composed only of normal costae, and type‐2 zone composed of both normal costae and recessed costae bearing fultoportulae. Changes in valve ornamentation occur in these two species from initial valves to vegetative valves. In P. versiformis, the arrangement of areolae with internal domed cribra and fultoportulae in the central area changes from radial rows in the initial valve to groups in the vegetative valve. In the initial valve of C. kathmanduensis, the type‐1 alveolate zone is generally absent.     

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON COLONIES AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE FRUSTULE OF COENOBIODISCUS MURIFORMIS AND ITS TRANSFER TO PLANKTONIELLA1

The marine planktonic diatom Coenobiodiscus muriformis has been reinvestigated using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy; as a result it is proposed, to transfer the species to the genus Planktoniella. The structure and formation of colonies are discussed and compared with data from an earlier study. Further details of valve and girdle baud structure have been ascertained and the exact form of the central and peripheral tubes has been described. The relationship of the present taxon to Thalassiosira and Coscinodiscus is discussed.     

鸢尾属（Iris）植物叶片表皮微形态特征的研究

对12种鸢尾叶片的表皮特征进行了观察和研究,结果表明野鸢尾、单花鸢尾、北陵鸢尾3种鸢尾各自的上下表皮细胞的形状及气孔密度等有明显区别,而其余9种鸢尾叶片各自上下表皮形态均无明显差异。12种鸢尾的气孔类型均属于横列型,且气孔均是随机分布,气孔保卫细胞的长轴与叶脉平行,叶脉处无气孔分布。不同种鸢尾之间叶片表皮特征具有显著差异,可为鸢尾属植物的分类提供依据。     

Morphological variability, taxonomy, and distribution of Cyclotella bodanica Eulenstein (Bacillariophyta) in Russia

The morphology of six populations of a rare freshwater species of diatoms, Cyclotella bodanica Eulenstein, from lakes of different geographic location is studied using SEM techniques. It is shown that some features (number of striae and marginal fultoportulae in 10 μm, number of thin costae in alveoli and their branching, relief of the central area and peripheral zone, and arrangement of rimoportulae) vary to a greater extent than is indicated in the literature. The results have made it possible to improve the diagnosis of this species and refer C. intermedia to its synonymy. Similarities and differences between C. bodanica and morphologically similar species of the complex C. comta/C. radiosa are also considered. The distribution of C. bodanica in water bodies of Russia is specified.     

Thalassiosira sundarbana sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), an estuarine diatom from Sundarbans mangrove ecoregion based on morphology and molecular phylogeny

A new species of diatom, Thalassiosira sundarbana, is described based on light and scanning electron microscopy along with molecular phylogeny. The specimen was collected from Chemaguri creek of the Indian part of Sundarbans mangroves, and subsequently a clonal culture was established. Thalassiosira sundarbana possess variable numbers of occluded processes, and one labiate process on the valve face. Valve margin is ribbed and areolae are fasciculated on the valve face. Two rings of strutted processes are present on valve face. Strutted processes are also scattered on the valve face apart from the presence of two rings. Valvocopula and copula have rows of pore, and pleurae are hyaline. Bayesian analyses of nuclear encoded small subunit (SSU) rDNA and plastid encoded rbcL gene confirmed that T. sundarbana is phylogenetically novel. Salinity tolerance experiment with the clonal culture of T. sundarbana showed that this isolate can grow in salinity ranging from 10–35 psu. The maximum growth rate was observed in 15 psu salinity (0.5 divisions 24 h^?1). On the basis of morphological features and molecular phylogeny, this clonal isolate is considered as a new estuarine species of Thalassiosira.