反复正加速度暴露后大鼠心肌的细胞凋亡改变

目的：探讨不同水平的1周重复多次的正加速度（＋Gz）暴露后大鼠心室肌凋亡的现象及变化规律。方法：12只雄性SD大鼠随机分为＋6Gz组,＋10Gz组和对照组,每组4只：＋Gz组大鼠分别暴露于＋6Gz／3min和＋10Gz／3min,1次／d,连续暴露1周;对照组大鼠置于离心机室,但不受加速度作用。大鼠于末次暴露后1天,取左心室,采用透射电镜和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口标记技术观察心肌细胞凋亡情况。所有实验数据进行方差分析及LSD—t检验。结果：电镜下,除＋10Gz组可观察到心肌细胞核内异染色质增多、浓缩、边集现象外,各组未见典型的凋亡改变。TUNEL染色可见,＋6Gz组、＋10Gz组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡指数较对照组均显著增高（F=42．47,t6G=5．04;t10G=7．43,P〈0．01）;＋10Gz组大鼠心肌凋亡指数较＋6Gz组显著增多（t6G／10G=2．39,P〈0．05）。结论：＋Gz重复暴露可引起大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,且随着G值的增大,细胞凋亡指数呈增多趋势。     

+Gz反复暴露对大鼠主动脉和心脏组织中HO-1、p21及LCAD表达的影响

目的：观察＋Gz反复暴露对大鼠心脏及主动脉组织HO-1、p21和LCAD基因表达的影响。方法：提取＋Gz反复暴露后1h组及对照组大鼠心脏、主动脉组织总RNA,经半定量RT—PCR检测其mRNA水平。结果：＋Gz反复暴露后心脏组织HO-1、p21和LCAD mRNA水平明显升高,主动脉组织中LCAD mRNA水平上调。结论：在＋Gz反复暴露状态下,HO-1是。脏组织中一个早期重要的抗过氧化损伤,维持正常功能的保护性因子。     

正加速度（＋Gz）暴露对冠脉不同程度狭窄猪血浆CK-MB和IL-6变化的影响研究

目的：观察正加速度（＋Gz）暴露处理后不同冠脉狭窄程度猪的血浆肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）和白介素-6（IL-6）水平的变化特点,探讨心脏的危害,评估飞行员的飞行。方法：（1）20头巴马小型猪,在胸腔镜直视下手术丝线永久性结扎左前降支近端建立轻度（狭窄程度20-49%）、中度（狭窄程度50-69%）和重度（狭窄程度≥70%）狭窄的冠状动脉狭窄模型;（2）各组小型猪进行＋Gz暴露,分别观察其最大＋Gz加速度耐受值;（3）各组小型猪分别在其最大＋Gz加速度暴露处理前后1 min留取静脉血和分离血浆,测定CK-MB及IL-6的含量。结果：（1）各组小型猪最大＋Gz加速度耐受值分别为：①正常对照组：＋8 Gz;②轻度狭窄组：＋8Gz;③中度狭窄组：＋6 Gz;④重度狭窄组：＋5 Gz;（2）最大耐受＋Gz加速度暴露对各组小型猪血浆CK-MB及IL-6的影响差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,同时,在分别经过最大耐受＋Gz加速度暴露处理后,冠脉中度和重度狭窄模型猪血浆CK-MB和IL-6的浓度较正常对照组均显著升高（P〈0.01）,轻度狭窄组则升高不明显（P〉0.05）。结论：（1）＋Gz暴露对冠脉不同程度狭窄小型猪血浆CK-MB和IL-6水平的影响不同,狭窄程度越重,影响越大。（2）轻度狭窄模型猪在＋Gz暴露下血浆CK-MB和IL-6的浓度改变与正常对照组相似,提示冠脉轻度狭窄的飞行员可以继续飞行。     

正加速度重复暴露后大鼠心室肌缝隙连接蛋白43表达及分布的改变

本文旨在探讨不同水平的一周重复多次正加速度( Gz)暴露后大鼠心室肌缝隙连接蛋白43(connexin 43, Cx43)表达及分布的改变.36只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组、 6Gz组和 10Gz组,每组12只. Gz组大鼠分别暴露于 6Gz和 10Gz各3min,1次/d,共1周,分别于末次暴露后即刻、1d、3d、7d(各3只)取心室肌作免疫组织化学染色和Western blot分析,检测Cx43的表达和分布.免疫组织化学结果显示, Gz重复暴露可引起大鼠心室肌Cx43分布方式明显紊乱,Cx43在心肌细胞侧-侧连接处的表达明显增加,在心肌细胞端-端连接处的表达减少.Western Blot结果显示, 6Gz组与 10Gz组的Cx43蛋白表达量于末次暴露后即刻、1d、3d、7d与对照组相应时刻相比均明显减少(P<0.001),以暴露后即刻减少最为明显,且随着 Gz暴露时间的延长,表达逐渐恢复,但在暴露后7d,两组的Cx43表达量仍未恢复至对照组水平.Cx43蛋白表达的上述改变在 10Gz组比 6Gz组更为显著.以上结果提示 Gz重复暴露可引起大鼠心室肌Cx43表达量的一过性减少,分布方式明显紊乱,这种改变很可能是 Gz致心律失常发生的重要原因之一.     

新生小鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤模型的制作研究

目的：通过对动物模型的制作模拟新生儿围产期缺氧缺血性脑损伤,研究其脑组织病理变化,为新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤的病理生理的研究以及进一步有效的治疗提供实验基础。方法：将40只7d新生昆明小鼠分四组,分别为正常组（A组）、单侧颈总动脉结扎组（B组）、单侧颈总动脉结扎＋缺氧组（C组）和双侧颈总动脉结扎组（D组）。单侧颈总动脉结扎组（B组）行右侧颈总动脉结扎;单侧颈总动脉结扎＋缺氧组（C组）行右侧颈总动脉结扎后将其置于20℃的恒温50mL密闭容器中,分不同的时间将其取出;双侧颈总动脉结扎组（D组）行双侧颈总动脉结扎,各组术后均送回母鼠身边继续母乳喂养,三天后再作病理检测。结果：行单侧颈总动脉结扎加缺氧60min时,小鼠结扎侧皮质及海马区出现病理改变,随着缺氧时间延长（90rain、100min、120min）病变范围逐渐扩大,病理改变越明显。结论：本实验显示单侧颈总动脉结扎同时缺氧一定时间可以导致小鼠脑组织损伤,脑细胞发生病理改变,且皮层及海马区域的神经细胞对缺氧缺血最为敏感,从而为进一步研究新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤提供了较为可靠的模型。     

缺血/再灌注心肌肌浆网肌钙调控蛋白mRNA表达的变化

目的：研究缺血／再灌注损伤心肌肌浆网四种钙调控蛋白mRNA表达的变化。方法：将SD大鼠分为正常对照组和缺血／再灌注损伤组,采用Langendorff离体灌流技术,全心停灌15min后行45min复灌制备缺血／再灌注模型,记录心脏收缩功能各项参数（左室发展压、＋dp／dtmax、-dp／dtmax）,进行心律失常评分,同时对两组心肌标本进行半定量RT-PCR检测,测定SERCA、PLB、IP3R2和RyR2四种蛋白质的mRNA表达水平的变化。结果：与正常对照组比较,各时间点缺血再灌注心脏左室发展压、＋dp／dtmax、-dp／dtmax均显著下降,再灌注阶段的心律失常评分明显增高,同时发现心脏SERCA,IP3R2,RyR2mRNA表达降低,然而PLBmRNA表达未出现变化。结论：缺血再灌注损伤造成心脏功能减退,心律失常增多,并可诱导心室肌钙调控蛋白SERCA、IP3R2、RyR2mRNA表达下调。     

左心室脱血回注循环辅助法对急性心肌梗死血流动力学的改善作用

目的:实验观察左心室脱血回注循环辅助法对急性心肌梗死血流动力学的改善作用.方法:18只杂种犬分两组制作急性心肌梗死泵衰竭模型,治疗组给予左心室脱血回注循环辅助,对照组不进行治疗.观察比较两组间心律失常、死亡率、外周动脉压、肺动脉毛细血管楔嵌压(PCWP)、左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左心室内径的变化.结果:治疗组室性期外收缩、心室纤颤发生率和死亡率显著低于对照组;对照组的外周动脉收缩压低于80 mmHg以下,治疗组维持在100mmHg以上(P＜0.01);治疗组PCWP和LVEDP值在45 min以后的各时段低于对照组(P＜0.01);治疗组的左室舒张末期内径小于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:左心室脱血回注循环辅助法能够减少急性心肌梗死泵衰竭的心室纤颤发生率和死亡率,有显著改善血流动力学、防止梗死后心肌扩张和有效的左心室辅助作用.     

犬腹部爆炸伤后海水浸泡的实验模型建立及早期死亡原因探讨

目的　建立犬腹部爆炸伤后海水浸泡的实验模型 ,探讨犬早期死亡原因。方法　 30只成年健康杂种犬随机分为 2组 :对照组 (n =10 )及实验组 (n =2 0 )。对照组为单纯腹部爆炸伤 ,伤后直接观察。实验组 (海水浸泡组 )为单纯腹部爆炸伤后立即置入海水中 ,在伤前及入水后 1、2、3、4h监测肛温并取血测定血浆渗透压、血钠、血钾、血氯。结果　实验组出现严重的电解质紊乱和血液高渗状态 ,表现为高渗性脱水、高钠血症、高氯血症。平均生存时间仅为 2 0 9min。对照组上述指标无明显变化 ,8h内无死亡。结论　海水浸泡后高渗性脱水、电解质紊乱和低温是实验犬致死的重要原因     

大鼠延髓尾端加压区微量注射L—精氨酸对血压、心率和肾灌流压的影响

目的：研究NO前体L-Arg微量注入大鼠延髓尾端加压区（CPA）对心血管活动的影响。并探讨其可能的机制。方法：采用延髓腹外侧部微量满面主射法,以整体灌流肾为模型观察与NO代谢有关的试剂对心血管活动的影响。结果：（1）CPA内微量注入L-Arg(60-100nmodl)。动脉血压与心率呈剂量依赖性下降,肾灌流压下降,与生理盐水对照,差异有显著意义;（2）预先在CPA内注入鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂甲基蓝可取消L-Arg的降压降肾灌流压作用;（3）CPA内注入lu,AP上升,如预先注入L-Arg后5min再注入L-Glu,L-Glu的升压效应被衰减,期衰减程度与L-Arg是剂量依赖性关系。结论：CPA内的L-Arg-NO通路参与延髓心血管中枢对AP的调控,其机制之一可能是通过cGMP抑制CPA内谷氨酸能神经突触。     

刺激兔下丘脑近中线区对心功能的影响

1.刺激兔下丘脑近中线区可出现血压、左内压上升、瞳孔扩大以及一系列驱体运动等类似于发生防御反应的现象,间有心律失常出现。反复刺激之,可导致心输出量减少,心肌缺血等心功能损害。2.刺激下丘脑近中线区时出现的窦性心动过缓、窦房暂停等与迷走神经的作用有关。而过早搏动则与交感兴奋对心肌β受体的作用以及血压升高、心室负荷骤然增高的关系较为密切。3.反复刺激下丘脑近中线区所引起的心肌缺血、心输出量减少等。心功能损害主要与儿茶酚胺对心肌β受体的刺激有关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细