Longidorus orongorongensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from subsoil of conifer/broadleaved forest

Abstract

Longidorus orongorongensis n. sp. is bisexual and recognisable from its large size (adults over 6 mm long), long odontostyle (145-172 μm), bluntly conoid lip region continuous with the body contour and especially by the posteriorly placed guide ring more than 60 μm from the oral aperture; also the female has a bluntly rounded tailless than an anal body width long. The first stage juvenile has a bluntly rounded tail. Juveniles and adults from one site below virgin forest are described.     

Xiphinema llanosum and Trophurus vultus, Two New Plant Nematode Species from Pasture Soils in Colombia

Xiphinema llanosum n. sp. and Trophurus vultus n. sp. are described and illustrated from grass soils in Llanos Orientales, Colombia. Xiphinema llanosum is a bisexual species. The female body length is 2.3-2.7 mm, odontostyle 86-96 μm, and odontophore 58-65 μm long; vulva at 42-47%; anterior ovary is absent; the anterior uterus and oviduct are similar to the posterior branch but slightly reduced; and the tail is dorsally convex-conoid with a blunt hemispherical terminus. Male body length is 2.06-2.96 mm; spicules are 40-44 μm long; and four (rarely three or five) anterior ventromedian supplementary papillae are present. Trophurus vultus females are 0.52-0.67 mm long; vulva at 56-60%; stylet is 10.5-13.5 μm long; isthmus is as long as the basal esophageal bulb; the tail is subclavate, 1.6-2.2 times anal body width long; and the terminal cuticle thickness is about one-sixth of the tail length.     

Deep-sea nematodes from the Indian Ocean: new and known species of the family Comesomatidae

Twelve new and known species of the genera Sabatieria,Cervonema, Paramesonchium, Hopperia and Dorylaimopsis and one new genus, Kenyanema aredescribed from the Indian Ocean and S. pisinna Vitiello,1970 from the Mediterranean Sea. Sabatieria lucia sp. n.is characterised by short but distinct inner and setiformouter labial sensilla and long (4–5 µm or 30–33% hd)cephalic sensilla; S. conicauda Vitiello, 1970, ischaracterised by tiny inner and outer labial sensilla andsetiform cephalic ones and short and thick cylindrical tail;Sabatieria pisinna is characterised by short innerand outer labial sensilla, setiform (3µm long) cephalicsensilla, multispiral amphids with 3.25–3.5 turns and a tailwhich is conical in the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3cylindrical; Cervonema tenuicauda Schuurmans Stekhoven,1950, is characterised by anterior sensilla in twocircles which are equal in length (3µm long), multispiralamphids with 3–4 turns and located at 1.5 times hd from theanterior end, simple spicules one abd long and 6–7 fineprecloacal supplements; Cervonema minutus sp. n.characterised by an extremely attenuated anterior end,spiral amphids with 4–5 turns (80–90% cbd) and short,simple spicules (0.8 abd long); Cervonema gourbaulti sp.n. characterised by long (4–5 µm) labialand cephalic sensilla, spiral amphids with 5–6 turns(73–88% cbd) and an elongate crenate terminal pharyngealbulb; Paramesonchium mombasi sp. n. characterised bylong labial (5 µm) and cephalic (21 µm) sensilla thatare close together and wide amphids (80–90% cbd); Kenyanema monorchis gen. et sp. n. characterised bya head region narrower than the rest of the body, fourcephalic sensilla (3 µm long) and spiral amphids with1.5–2 turns; Hopperia indiana sp. n. characterised byshort conical anterior sensilla, arcuatespicules that have a velum and a gubernaculum with a longand sharp pointed apophysis; Dorylaimopsis coomansi sp.n. characterised by long (8–10µm) cephalic setae,cuticular punctation with lateral differention of irregularlyarranged dots at the pharyngeal region and 1–3longitudinal rows of dots posterior of the pharynx; spiculeswith a unique shape; Dorylaimopsis gerardi sp. n.characterised by short setiform labial and long (6–7 µm)cephalic sensilla, punctated cuticle with lateraldifferentiation of irregularly arranged dots at firstthen three or four irregularly arranged longitudinal rows atthe pharyngeal and tail regions and two regularly arrangedlongitudinal rows of dots on the rest of the body, aconico-cylindrical tail with a distinctly swollen tip;Dorylaimopsis variabilis sp. n. is characterised byshort labial and setiform cephalic sensilla (33–58% hd),multispiral amphids with three turns, cuticular punctationswith lateral differentiation of three longitudinalrows at the pharyngeal and tail regions and two longitudinalrows on the rest of the body, spicules that are thin andslightly arcuate. The position of S. pisinna accordingto the grouping of Platt, 1985 of Sabatieriaspp. is also discussed. Kenyanema monorchis representsthe first monorchic species in the family.     

Paralongidorus bullatus n. sp. from Groundnut Soils in Niger and Comments on Xiphinema parasetariae Luc

Paralongidorus bullatus n. sp. from groundnut soils in Sador''é Niger is described and illustrated. It is distinguishable from most species of the genus by its body and odontostyle lengths, knob-like head, and digitate ending of the protoplasmic region of the tail. Length of the female body is 4.4-5.5 mm, of the odontostyle 132-156 μm, and of the tail 32-44 μm. Tail terminus is conoid to broadly rounded. Uteri are well developed, without sperms. Males are not found. Xiphinema parasetariae Luc 1958, a species inquirenda, is validated and, based on measurements and tail structures, X. attorodorum Luc 1961 is proposed as a synonym of X. parasetariae. Additional measurements are given for its females and juveniles.     

Descriptions of Four New Species of Criconematoidea (Tylenchina: Nemata) from Southern Chile

Four new species of Criconematoidea are described from Hoste Island, Chile. Criconema certesi n. sp. is distinguished by the fine, spine-like, cuticular extensions on body annuli; projection of annuli into rows of scales on posterior part of body; single, smooth, labial annulus set off by short collar from second (first body) annulus which is about same diameter as first (labial) annulus. Male with prominent caudal alae, slender curved spicules, and four incisures in lateral field. Ogma terrestris n. sp. is distinguished by small scales with rounded tips bearing minute, short bristles; scales number 21 at mid-body; and first (labial) annulus rounded, not retrorse, not set off from succeeding annuli, narrower in diameter from second (first body) annulus. Hemicycliophora macrodorata n. sp. is distinguished by its large size (L = 1.52 [1.28-1.72] mm); large stylet (146 [127-161] μm); annuli = 297 (280-315); tail slightly spicate, lateral field with or without interruptions of incisures, occasional anastomoses; and males with U-shaped spicules. Paratylenchus fueguensis n. sp. is distinguished by its prominent stylet with large, rounded knobs (4-5 μm across); cephalic region rounded not at all set off; lateral field with four incisures; lateral vulvar membranes present; and male tail short, strongly curved (almost 180°) ventrad.     

Meloidogyne enterolobii n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode Parasitizing Pacara Earpod Tree in China

Meloidogyne enterolobii n. sp. is described and illustrated from roots of pacara earpod tree, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, on Hainan Island in China. The perineal pattern of the female is usually oval shaped, the striae are fine to coarse, the dorsal arch is moderately high to high and usually rounded, and the phasmids are large. The stylet knobs in females are divided longitudinally by a groove so that each knob appears as two. The mean distance of the excretory pore to the anterior end in the female is 62.9 μm. Males have a large, rounded labial disc that fuses with the medial lips to form a dorso-ventrally elongate head cap. The labial disc is slightly elevated, and the medial lips are crescent shaped. The second-stage juvenile mean body length is 436.6 μm. The lateral lips are large and triangular in face view. The tail is 56.4 μm long and narrow with a broad, bluntly rounded tip. M. enterolobii n. sp reproduces well on E. contortisiliquum and causes severe damage. Other good hosts include cotton, resistant tobacco ''NC 95,'' pepper, watermelon, and tomato.     

Hoplolaimoidea (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from the Aleutian Islands with Descriptions of Four New Species

Four new species of hoplolaimoid nematodes (Merlinius adakensis, Pratylenchoides megalobatus, Pratylenchus pratensisobrinus, and Pratylenchus ventroprojectus) are described from Adak Island in the Aleutian chain. M. adakensis n. sp. is separated from other species by body length (0.96-1.3 mm), stylet length (32-36 μm), number of tail annules (49-68), and c'' (3.1-4.1). P. megalobatus n. sp. differs from all known Pratylenchoides spp. by having a very long esophageal gland lobe (b'' = 2.4-3.3, overlap 3-6 times the body width). P. pratensisobrinus n. sp. closely resembles P. pratensis (de Man) Filipjev, but has a longer stylet (15-17 μm), a longer tail (c = 12-15; c'' = 2.8-3.7), and more tail annules (23-37). P. ventroprojectus n. sp. is distinguished by body length (392-475 μm), three lip annules, low and flattened cephalic capsule, and presence of terminal subventral projection. Pratylenchoides variabilis Sher, Helicotylenchus amplius Anderson &Eveleigh, and H. spitsbergensis Loof are also reported from Adak and Amchitka Islands.     

Observations on species of Discocriconemella De Grisse & Loof, 1965 and Macroposthonia de Man, 1880 (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Criconematidae) from Ecuador, with the proposal of M. napoensis n. sp. and M. planilobata n. sp.

Macroposthonia napoensis n. sp. and M. planilobata n. sp. from Ecuador are described and illustrated. Differential characters of M. napoensis are: first annule with four enlarged submedian lobes but not giving the lip region a disc–like appearance , vagina sigmoid, none or very few anastomoses, a poorly–developed spermatheca, L = 0.33–0.42 mm, V = 89–93, stylet = 55–74 µ and R = 73–79. M. planilobata n. sp. can be distinguished by the four large and anteriorly flattened submedian lobes which give the lip region a disc–like appearance, a sigmoid vagina, a conoid–rounded tail with coarse annules, L = 0.41–0.49 mm, a = 11.3–13.3, V = 90–94, stylet = 66.5–78.5 µ and R = 75–84. Measurements from populations of Discocriconemella limitanea and M. surinamensis from Ecuador are also provided. D. repleta is accepted as a junior synonym of D. limitanea, and D. heynsi Van den Berg & Marais, 1995 is proposed as a junior synonym of M. surinamensis.     

Microsomacanthus kaulobatroni n. sp. et Wardium neotropicale n. sp. parasites d' Himantopus melanurus du Paraguay

The authors describe and illustrate two hymenolepidid cestodes parasitising Himantopus melanurus (Aves) from Paraguay. Microsomacanthus kaulobatroni n. sp., 20–30 long × 0.6 mm wide, with 10 diorchoid hooks 33–38 µm long, three testes in a transverse row, short cirrus 20–28 µm long armed with very minute spines, a short vagina with a sphincter, and a multi-lobed ovary, with genital ducts similar to those of Hymenolepis himantopodis ( sensu Fuhrmann, 1906) but with rostellar hooks different from those of Tænia himantopodis Krabbe, 1869 sp. inq. Wardium neotropicale n. sp., 40-50 long x 0.9 mm wide, has campanulate proglottides, scolex with 10 aploparaksoid rostellar hooks 9 µm long, testes arranged in a triangle, a short cirrus pouch without a transverse retractor muscle, very short, unarmed cirrus, a short vagina with a sphincter (30–35 µm in diameter) but no retractor muscle, a multi-lobed ovary and a bipartite uterus. The shape of the hooks distinguishes this species from T. himantopodis Krabbe, 1869 and other aspects of its anatomy from other species of Wardium with hooks of a similar size. A single specimen of a third Hymenolepis (sensu lato) species (lacking the scolex) could not be identified.     

Meloidogyne mayaguensis n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode from Puerto Rico

Meloidogyne mayaguensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from galled roots of eggplant, Solanum melongena L., from Puerto Rico. The perineal pattern of females is round to ovoid with fine, widely spaced striae. It has occasional breaks of striation laterally and a circular tail tip area lacking striae. The stylet, 15.8 μm long, has reniform knobs that merge gradually with the stylet shaft. Males have a high, rectangular, smooth head region, not set off from the body contour. The labial disc is continuous with the medial lips which do not slope posteriorly. The styler, 22.9 μm long, has large rounded backward sloping knobs; the shaft is of uneven diameter. Mean body length of second-stage juveniles is 453.6 μm. The truncate head region is not annulated, and the rounded, slightly raised labial disc and the crescentic medial lips form dumbbell-shaped lip structures. The stylet, 11.6 μm long, has rounded, posteriorly sloping knobs. The slender tail, 54.4 μm long, gradually tapers to a bluntly pointed tip. Tomato, tobacco, pepper, and watermelon are good hosts; cotton and peanut are not hosts. M. mayaguensis n. sp. reproduces by mitotic parthenogenesis and has a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 44-45. The enzyme patterns are unique among Meloidogyne species.     

Steinernema ceratophorum n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from north-east China

Steinernema ceratophorum n. sp. was isolated from soil in Liaoning and Jining Provinces of China. Morphological, cross-breeding and DNA studies support the distinctiveness of S. ceratophorum n. sp. in comparison with four morphologically similar Steinernema species: S. affine, S. intermedium, S. riobrave and S. bicornutum. Diagnostic characters include: body length of infective juvenile, juvenile lip region with two horn-like structures and lateral field with six or eight longitudinal ridges; tail tip of first and second generation males lacking mucron; spicules of first generation male curved, dark yellow in colour and 71 µm long; tail tip of first generation female with small mucronate projection; and second generation female with fine mucronate process about 5.5 µm long. In addition, the restriction fragment length pattern (RFLP) of the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA repeat unit is different from other Steinernema spp., and S. ceratophorum n. sp. did not hybridise with S. riobrave, the species with the most similar RFLP.     

Profilicollis novaezelandensis n. sp. (Polymorphidae) and two other acanthocephalan parasites from shore birds (Haematopodidae and Scolopacidae) in New Zealand,with records of two species in intertidal crabs (Decapoda: Grapsidae and Ocypodidae)

Profilicollis novaezelandensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) is described from the South Island pied oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus finschi Martens (Haematopodidae) and the intertidal crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus (Milne Edwards) (Brachyura: Grapsidae) from the South Island of New Zealand. The new species can be distinguished from all the other species of the genus by a combination of the following characters: long neck (13% of total body length for adults) and a subspherical proboscis with 14–16 longitudinal rows of 7–8 hooks. The mud crabs Helice crassa Dana (Grapsidae) and Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Heller) (Ocypodidae) were also harbouring cystacanths and the bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica (Linnaeus) (Scolopacidae) juveniles of P. novaezelandensis. This is the first record of brachyuran decapods as intermediate hosts of Acanthocephala from New Zealand. P. antarcticus is recorded from three crab species (Helice crassa, Hemigraspus crenulatus and Macrophthalmus hirtipes) and two bird species (Haematopus o. finschi and Limosa lapponica) in New Zealand. An unidentified species of Plagiorhynchus was also found in two bird species (H. o. finschi and H. unicolor Forster). P. antarcticus and P. novaezelandensis are the first records of Profilicollis from New Zealand.     

Meloidogyne hispanica n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), the 'Seville Root-Knot Nematode'

Meloidogyne hispanica n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from peach rootstock, Prunus persica silvestris Batsch, from the Seville district of Spain. The perineal pattern of the female is oval shaped to rectangular with low dorsal arch and often widely spaced lateral lines with fringe-like striae. The stylet, 14.1 μm long, has broad, distinctly set off knobs. Males have a high, rounded head cap that slopes posteriorly. Labial disc and medial lips are fused to form elongate lip structures. The robust styler, 23.5 μm long, has large, rounded knobs that are slightly set off from the shaft. Mean second-stage juveniles length is 392.6 μm. The truncate head region is generally not annulated. The distinctly rounded and raised labial disc and the crescent-shaped medial lips form dumbbell-shaped lip structures. The stylet, 11.1 μm long, has rounded, posteriorly sloping knobs. The slender tail, 46.4 μm long, has large irregular-sized annules in the posterior region and ends in a bluntly rounded tip. Tomato was a good host; tobacco, pepper, and watermelon were poor hosts; cotton and peanut were nonhosts. Meloidogyne hispanica n. sp. reproduces by mitotic parthenogenesis and has a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 33-36. The esterase pattern is unique among Meloidogyne species.     

Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of the endemic Florida snake Tantilla relicta Telford (Serpentes: Colubridae)

The endemic Florida snake Tantilla relicta Telford is parasitised by six species of coccidia. Caryospora tantillae n. sp. has nearly spherical oöcysts, 19.6 × 18.9 µm (16–22 × 16–21), with no polar body, and an oöcyst length/width ratio (shape index, SI) of 1.04 (1.00–1.11). Ovoidal sporocysts are 15.1 × 11.6 µm (12–17 × 10–13), with an SI of 1.30 (1.1–1.6), a single prominent Stieda body and a sporocyst residuum. Sporozoites are 14 × 2.5 µm. Caryospora relictae n. sp. also has nearly spherical oöcysts, 18.5 × 17.6 µm (16–22 × 15–20), but is distinguished by having a distinct polar body and a substieda body in sporocysts. The oöcyst SI is 1.05 (1.0–1.2). Sporocysts are ovoidal, 14.8 × 11.4 µm (12–17 × 10–16), with an SI of 1.29 (1.1–1.5) and a sporocyst residuum. Sporozoites are 10–14 × 2–2.5 µm. Isospora cf. wilsoni has ovoidal to spherical oöcysts without a micropyle, measure 17.4 × 17.1 µm (15–19 × 15–19), and have an SI of 1.02 (1.00–1.07). Oöcysts have no polar granule or oöcyst residuum. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 11.4 × 8.2 µm (9–14 × 7–10), with an SI of 1.39 (1.18–1.62). Both a Stieda body and sporocyst residuum are present, but a substieda body, characteristic of I. wilsoni as described, was not observed. Sporozoites are 7–8 × 2.5–3 µm. An Eimeria sp., of which the sample was too small to justify taxonomic designation, has nearly spherical oöcysts without micropyle, a size of 22.5 × 20.9 µm (22–23 × 20–22), an SI of 1.08 (1.00–1.12) and no polar granule. Sporocysts measure 12.5 × 8.9 µm (11–14 × 7–11) and have an SI of 1.44 (1.18–1.87), a sporocyst residuum and no Stieda body. Sporozoites are 13 × 5 µm. Eimeria amphorae n. sp. has ovoidal to spherical oöcysts without a micropyle, a size of 24.8 × 22.3 µm (23–27 × 20–26), an SI of 1.12 (1.02–1.25) and no polar granule or oöcyst residuum. Sporocysts are elongate, 18.4 X 8.0 µm (17-22 × 6-9.5), with an SI 2.33 (1.79–3.00) and no discernible Stieda body or sporocyst residuum. Sporocyst shape differs by orientation, rectangular to amphora-like, tapering abruptly to a blunt point; sporozoites large, 15.5 × 4.2 µm. A biliary parasite, Eimeria pleistocenensis n. sp., has ovoidal to elongate oöcysts, without micropyle, with a size of 27.8 × 19.4 µm (23–32 × 14–23), with an SI of 1.44 (1.17–1.82) and an oöcyst residuum but no polar granule. Sporocysts ovoidal, 10.7 × 8.6 (9–13 × 8–10), with an SI of 1.24 (1.05–1.37), a sporocyst residuum, but without Stieda body; sporozoites 8.8 × 2.7 µm. Similar oöcysts from other Tantilla relicta populations, T. relicta neilli in north Florida T. relicta pamlica in southeastern Florida and T. relicta relicta in south-central Florida, have dimensions that lie within the range of variation in the type population and identically shaped sporocysts that suggest conspecificity with E. pleistocenensis, and presence of the species in the precursor to Tantilla relicta prior to the second interglacial period.     

Skrjabillanus cyprini n. sp. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) from the scales of common carp Cyprinus carpio (Pisces) from Hungary

A new species of the histozoic nematode, Skrjabillanus cyprini n. sp., is described from the subsquamal part of the scales of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. from Lake Balaton, Hungary. It differs from the other three congeneric species mainly in possessing an extremely small, oval-shaped buccal capsule with a large tooth at the bottom, in the shape of the cephalic end (somewhat bulbously inflated, truncated anteriorly), the extent of the oesophageal glands and body size (body length of male and female 1,800–3,000 µm and 3,200–4,100 µm, respectively). A key to the identification of Skrjabillanus spp. is provided.     

Further Studies on Soil Nematode Fauna in North Western Iran with the Description of One New Species

Heterodorus youbertghostai n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular data. The new species was found in two geographically distant points in northwestern Iran and is characterized by having angular lip region, separated from the rest body by a constriction, body length of 1,432.5 to 1,751.3 µm, odontostyle length of 24 to 28 µm, rod-like odontophore, 37.0 to 42.5 µm long, lacking flanges at base, double guiding ring at 14 to 16 µm distance from anterior end, pharyngeal bulb comprising 40% to 48% of pharynx, intestine usually containing green material, female reproductive system amphidelphic with less divided short uterus, specific structure of pars distalis vaginae, bluntly conical tail, dorsally convex and ventrally flat, with rounded tip and saccate bodies in ventral side. The new species comes more close to H. conicaudatus and H. irregularis by its morphology and morphometric characters. Compared to former, it has remarkable difference in vulva position and tail characters, and compared to the latter, it could be separated by shorter body, posteriorly located vulva, wider lip region, and longer tail. In phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3, the new species formed a fully supported clade with several isolates of H. brevidentatus, prevalent in Iran. The other nordiid taxon, Enchodorus dolichurus, already reported from Iran, was also sequenced for the same genomic region and included in phylogenetic analyses.     

Descriptions of Chitwoodius brasiliensis n.sp., Chitwoodius rusticulus n.sp., and Vancterlindia venata n.sp. (Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimidae: Vanderlindiinae)

Chitwoodius brasiliensis n.sp. is described from soil around plant roots in Vicosa, MG State, Brazil. It has a body 1.9 mm (1.6-2.5) long, odontostyle and odontophore 33 μm (31-37) and 34 μm (31-36) long, respectively, and males with spicules 59-61 μm long. Chitwoodius rusticulus n.sp. from Colombian rain forest differs from other species of the genus in having a weakly muscular anterior part of the oesophagus, a pore-like vulva, and an unsclerotized vagina. Vanderlindia venata n.sp. from lucerne soil in South Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, differs from the type and only other known species of its genus in having a smaller and less slender body (L = 3.34 mm [3.15-3.71], a = 50 [46-53]), odontostyle 2.3-2.5 times lip region width long, and stylet guiding ring located at 1.2-1.4 times lip region width from anterior end.     

Two new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from skinks in Florida

Eimeria egregia n. sp. parasitises the gall-bladder of Eumeces egregius onocrepis, the brown red-tailed skink, in the Ocala National Forest, Marion County, Florida. Oöcysts are oval, 27.6 × 17.4 µm (25–32 × 16–20), without micropyle, polar body or oöcyst residuum. The oöcyst length/width ratio is 1.59 (1.42–1.76). Sporocysts are ovoid, 10.3 × 8.3 µm (8.5–12 × 7–9 µm), with a length/width ratio of 1.24 (1.06–1.50,), without a Stieda body, but with a prominent sporocyst residuum. Sporozoites are 10–12 × 2.5–3 µm. The ground skink Scincella lateralis is infected by Eimeria scincellae n. sp. The oöcysts are cylindrical, 29.8 × 15.9 µm (28–33 × 14–17), with no micropyle, polar body or oöcyst residuum. The oöcyst length/width ratio is 1.89 (1.68–2.14). Sporocysts are oval, 10.9 × 8.0 µm (9.5–12 × 7–9), with a length/width ratio of 1.36 (1.18–1.64,), no Stieda body and a prominent sporocyst residuum. Sporozoites are 9–11 × 2–2.5 µm.     

Pratylenchus australis n. sp. and Eutylenchus fueguensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchina) from southern Chile

Two new species of nematodes from southern Chile are described and illustrated. Pratylenchus australis n. sp. is distinguished by its heavy cephalic sclerotization, smooth tail terminus, lack of spermatheca, and absence of males. Eutylenchus fueguensis n. sp. differs from other Eutylenchus spp. by the long female stylet (31 [28-32] μm), strongly sclerotized excretory duct opening posterior to nerve ring, and broadly rounded caudal alae of males.