茶树诱导抗虫性的研究进展

为了抵御植食性昆虫的为害,植物在进化过程中形成了包括组成抗性和诱导抗性在内的复杂防御体系.在通过受体识别茶树害虫为害后,茶树会启动早期信号事件,继而激活茉莉酸、水杨酸、乙烯和赤霉素等植物激素信号通路,从而引起次生代谢物的积累,最终对害虫产生直接和间接抗性.基于近年来茶树害虫为害诱导的茶树防御反应及其相关调控机理的研究进...     

First record of the grape leafhopper Erythroneura vulnerata Fitch (Hom., Cicadellidae) in Europe

Abstract:  The leafhopper Erythroneura vulnerata Fitch is native to North America, where it infests wild and cultivated grapes. In July 2004, E. vulnerata was recorded for the first time on Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) in north-eastern Italy (Veneto region). This record is assumed to be the first in Europe. Preliminary observations on the pest distribution, seasonal abundance and the extent of symptoms in north-eastern Italy are reported.     

阔颈叶蝉属一新种记述(半翅目:叶蝉科)

记述阔颈叶蝉属Drabescoides 1新种,即长臂阔颈叶蝉Drabescoides longiarmus sp.nov..新种近似于圆突阔颈叶蝉Drabescoides umbonata Shang, Zhang et Shen,2003,主要区别为:本种体形稍大,翅脉色泽较深,体背、颜面黄褐色,雄虫阳茎干背面两片状脊大且显著靠拢,尾节侧瓣三角形,具2个刺突,连索干细,臂极长,两臂夹角小,阳基侧突端部马蹄状,表面着生微齿,雌虫第7腹板后缘弧形深凹入.提供了新种的鉴别特征图.模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

植物与植食性昆虫的分子互作:基础与应用

植物与植食性昆虫之间存在着复杂的分子互作.首先,植食性昆虫会利用自身的嗅觉和味觉化学感觉系统,通过对植物挥发性和非挥发性信息化合物的编码与解析,结合对植物颜色、形状等物理信息的感觉与编码,定位及确定寄主植物.其次,植物可以通过位于细胞膜的受体识别植食性昆虫相关模式分子和损伤相关模式分子,启动由早期信号事件和植物激素信号...     

大豆蚜触角嗅觉感器结构及其功能

采用扫描电镜观察大豆蚜Aphis giycines各型触角上嗅觉感器的细微结构,结合触角电位记录,发现大豆蚜有翅孤雌生殖蚜对萜烯衍生物的感受部位在第6节原生感器上,而萜烯烃类则在第5节原生感器上,两原生感器都对绿叶气味和芳香类起嗅觉反应。末端2节上还有其它化学感器对植物气味起反应。因此,各型对植物气味的感觉部位在末端2节上。各型对报警信息素的作用部位主要在第6节原生感器上,无翅型第5节原生感器和有翅型第3节次生感器也有一定的感觉能力。     

苹褐带卷蛾成虫对主要寄主植物挥发物的触角电位反应和行为反应

【目的】苹褐带卷蛾Adoxophyes orana是危害苹果、桃、梨、枣等果树的一种重要昆虫。近年来在陕西苹果和红枣产区发生面积逐年扩大,危害日趋严重。本研究旨在明确寄主植物挥发物在苹褐带卷蛾成虫嗅觉通讯中的作用,为开发植物源引诱剂提供基础数据。【方法】利用触角电位(electroantennogram, EAG)仪测定苹褐带卷蛾2日龄未交配雌、雄成虫对51种寄主植物挥发性化合物的EAG反应;利用本实验室开发的小型蛾类昆虫嗅觉行为测试装置测定苹褐带卷蛾成虫对15种具有显著EAG反应的挥发性化合物的行为反应。【结果】EAG测试结果表明,苹褐带卷蛾成虫对不同挥发性化合物的EAG反应相对值有显著差异,雌、雄成虫对顺-3-己烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯-1-醇、1-己醇、1-庚醇、己醛、反-2-己烯醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异戊酯和乙酸-顺-3-己烯酯的EAG反应较强。此外,雄成虫对3-甲基-1-丁醇、1-戊烯-3-醇、苯甲醛、丁酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、三甲基巴豆酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、丙酸丁酯、异戊酸-顺-3-己烯酯、苯甲腈和柠檬腈的反应较强。在待测的51种挥发性化合物中,苹褐带卷蛾成虫对29种化...     

蚜害茶树挥发物组分变化的聚类分析

舒茶早(Camellia sinensis cv. ‘shuchazao’)是皖西南产区一种茶树品种。为研究茶蚜取食为害诱导的茶树挥发物释放特征,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,比较了健康茶梢和蚜害茶梢的挥发物组成和相对含量。结果显示,健康茶梢挥发物种类(16种)和相对含量较少,而蚜害茶梢挥发物种类(24种)较为丰富且相对...     

植食性昆虫的嗅觉选食过程及其机制研究进展

植食性昆虫的嗅觉在其选择食物的过程中发挥了重要的作用,它能通过对植物挥发物的感受来定向和定位食物源并产生趋近行为,进而根据特殊的化合物或者多种化合物的特异浓度组合来区分寄主和非寄主植物.在这个过程中,昆虫嗅觉器官上相关的嗅觉感受蛋白被植物挥发物激活,形成特异的嗅觉感受通路,在行为上调控昆虫嗅觉选食的能力.本文主要从植食...     

频振式杀虫灯在茶树害虫测报、防治中的应用

应用佳多频振式杀虫灯进行了茶树害虫的预测预报和防治试验。结果表明,该灯对茶园中的茶细蛾Caloptiliatheivora(walsingham)、茶毛虫EuproctispseudoconspersaStrand、斜纹夜蛾Prodenialitura(Fabricius)等茶树主要害虫有明显的诱集作用;同时,根据害虫成虫诱集时间、数量与面上生育期观察,其动态变化基本一致,可以用于幼虫的发生期、发生量预报,在面上应用频振式杀虫灯对3种的防治试验中取得明显的效果。认为该灯是一种安全、经济、有效、无污染的茶树害虫预测预报和防治工具。     

Feeding History Affects the Response of the Predatory Mite Typhlodromus Kerkirae (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Volatiles of Plants Infested with Spider Mites

The response of adult females of the predatory mite Typhlodromus kerkirae (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to volatiles emitted from bean leaves infested with Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) or from leaves of Oxalis corniculata infested with Petrobia harti (Acari: Tetranychidae) was studied in the laboratory using a Y-tube olfactometer. Typhlodromus kerkirae females reared from larvae through to adults on T. urticae and pollen of Vicia faba responded to volatiles of bean leaves infested with T. urticae, either when they had a choice between infested and non-infested bean leaves or between bean leaves infested with T. urticae and O. corniculata leaves infested with P. harti. However, they did not respond when they had been reared only on the carotenoid-deficient pollen of V. faba. Female T. kerkirae that had been reared from larva to the tenth day of adult life on T. urticae and subsequently fed for 1 week on V. faba pollen did not respond to volatiles of bean leaves infested with T. urticae. In contrast, those that had been reared on V. faba pollen to the tenth day of adult life and subsequently fed for 1 week on T. urticae responded to volatiles of infested bean leaves.     

中国伪叶甲亚族一新记录属二新记录种

研究了雅小叶蝉属Eurhadina 6种昆虫的染色体数目、性别决定和染色体行为.结果表明:该属6种昆虫染色体的数目变化范围为n=7-9,E.rubra、E.flavicorona和E.tripunctata具有相同的染色体数目,均为n=9,E.exclamationis的染色体数目为n＝8,E.fusca和E.rubr...     

Comparative analysis of peach and pear fruit volatiles attractive to the oriental fruit moth,Cydia molesta

Cydia molesta is an important pest of peach and pear fruits late in growing season. We identified and quantified volatiles from immature and mature fruits of peach and pear using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antennally, active compounds were identified by gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and were further tested in the field. Consistent electroantennographic activity was obtained for nine compounds from headspace collections of the mature fruits of two peach and two pear varieties. Esters were the major components, but qualitative and quantitative differences were found among four odor profiles. Blends mimicking pear fruit volatiles were more attractive to both sexes than blends mimicking peach fruit volatiles in both orchards. Our finding indicated that mixtures mimicking peach and pear fruit volatiles attracted both females and males of C. molesta, and these host volatiles may also be involved in the host switch behavior from peach to pear in mid-late season.     

中国小头叶蝉属三新种记述(半翅目,叶蝉科)

记述小头叶蝉属Placidus Distant 3新种,即叉茎小头叶蝉P.furcatus sp.nov.,白斑小头叶蝉P.feu;omaculatus sp.nov.和龙王山小头叶蝉P.longwangshanensis sp.nov..     

Selectivity mechanism of Anoplophora glabripennis on four different species of maples

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.) is a wood-boring beetle that is native to China. For a long time, it caused great losses in the economy and ecology of northwest China. Attractants are often used to control insects. The volatiles emitted from the host plant play an important role for insects in finding their target. To explore the mechanism of selec-tivity to different host plants, the response of Anoplophora glabripennis to four different host plants was investigated, which included Acer negundo L., Acer mono Maxim., Acer truncatum Bunge. and Acer platanoides L., and the com-pounds in the profiles of volatiles were identified from these species. The olfactory responses ofAnoplophora glabripennis to the odors of different plants showed preference for certain host plants: Acer negundo, Acer mono and Acer truncatum. The attraction ofAcer negundo and Acer mono was signifi-cantly different (p<0.05). The attraction ofAcer negundo to the insects was stronger than to Acer mono. Acerplatanoides neither attracted nor repelled the insects. Compounds in the profiles of volatiles from the above four species were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry (GC-MS) equipped with a CP-4020 termodesorp-tion and cold trap (TCT) device. The constituents ofvolatiles and the relative concentrations were different in the four host species. The amount of ketones, alcohols and aldehydes in the four plants showed the same order: Acer negundo Acer mono Maxim.>Acer truncatum Bunge.>Acer platanoides L.. 1-penten-3-ol, ocimene and trans-Germanylacetone were repellent to Anoplophora glabripennis. 1-penten-3-ol and trans-gerranylacetone were identified in Acer platanoides, and Ocimene was the most attractive to Anoplophora glabripennis among these species. The extent of feeding damage caused by Anoplophora glabripennis differed among four species. The sequences was Acer negundo > Acer mono > Acer truncatum > Acer platanoides. The epidermal hairs of the four host plants revealed that the extent of damage was related to the physical characteristics of the host plants.     

光肩星天牛对4种不同槭树科寄主植物的选择机制

用动态顶空采集法、TCT-GC-MS分析鉴定了复叶槭、五角枫、华北五角枫、挪威槭等4种槭树科植物挥发物的种类和相对含量,测定结果显示：4种植物的化学指纹图谱明显不同。“Y”型嗅觉行为测定结果表明,不同植物的挥发物对光肩星天牛的引诱效果不同：复叶槭对光肩星天牛的引诱效果最好,其次为五角枫,均达到了差异显著的程度,华北五角枫对光肩星天牛有引诱作用,但未达到显著程度,挪威槭对光肩星天牛既无引诱作用又无驱避作用。数据分析发现,五角枫、华北五角枫和挪威槭较复叶槭引诱作用差的原因可能与五角枫、华北五角枫中含有对光肩星天牛的驱避组分罗勒烯和反-2-己烯醇、挪威槭中含有对光肩星天牛的驱避组分（E）-1-戊烯-3-醇、反-2-己烯醇和trans-香叶基丙酮有关;在4种植物中醇类化合物、酮类和醛类化合物相对含量的排列顺序与植物的抗性顺序相同,而烷烃类和酯类化合物含量的排列顺序与植物的抗性顺序相反;复叶槭咬食程度轻的原因可能与其叶表面具有较少的表皮毛有关。