三种微生物学级别SSB小鼠主要脏器的解剖学比较

本文对普通,清洁,无菌近交系ＳＳＢ小鼠的主要脏器进行解剖学比较,发现该三种微生物学级别ＳＳＢ小鼠胸腺、脾脏和肺的重量与体重的比值均为ＣＶ＞ＣＬ＞ＣＧＦ。ＧＦ小鼠心脏和肝脏极显著小于ＣＶ,ＧＦ小鼠消化道变化最明显的是盲肠肥大。     

不同品系实验小鼠6种脱氢酶同工酶的比较研究

本文采用0.5mm超薄层水平板状聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦技术,对A/wy,AKR/J,A2G/J,BALB/cA,CBA/N,C3H/HeJ,C57BL/6N,DBA/2J,129/J等9个近交系小鼠品系的MEs,MEm,ADH,LDH,MDHs,MDHm等6种脱氢酶同工酶作了等电点测定和分析。依据等电聚焦酶谱,比较研究了酶谱类型和酶活性差异与代谢功能的关系以及与基因变异的关系。结果显示:ADH-r1酶谱型为对乙醇低氧化能力型,ADH-r2酶谱型为对乙醇高氧化能力型。C57BL/6N的胃ADH同工酶谱与众不同,特征酶带p16.87为r2型,属酒精高嗜性品系;其余品系的胃ADH同工酶谱为ADH-r1型,均为酒精低嗜性品系。DBA/2J的肾MDHs同工酶谱为基因变异引起酶活性改变的类型,其中p14.90,p14.99,p15.05等 3条酶带较其它品系的同位酶带活性高,由此推断DBA/2J的肾具有更强的糖异生能力和机体抗饥饿能力。 LDH同工酶等电聚交酶谱表现出极丰富的多态性,鉴于LDH在生物进化中具有的重要地位,作者认为LDH可作为实验动物育种、保种、野生动物实验动物化遗传质量监测的生化标志基因临界位点。超薄层等电聚焦技术具有其它电泳所不具备的优点,作为实验动物遗传质量监测技术更其精确性,值得推荐。     

泥鳅繁殖和生长的研究

泥鳅的性成熟年龄:雌体为1—2龄,雄体为1龄。其性腺发育和性细胞特征,与鲤科鱼类基本一致。泥鳅属分批产卵类型的鱼类。在天然水域中,4—10月生殖。在一定范围内,泥鳅的生殖力随体长、体重的增长而提高。体长增长以第1—2龄最快,体重年增重率以第2龄为最高。因此,泥鳅的人工养殖周期以两年为佳;收获个体规格宜在体长为11cm以上。     

铜锈环棱螺繁殖和生长的初步研究

作者于1963年3月至1964年6月间对武昌东湖的铜锈环棱螺的某些生态学问题进行了初步研究：自然种群中铜锈环棱螺的性比为1：1。成熟雌螺全年怀胚,月平均怀胚数以5月初最高,7、8、9月最低,生活于池塘中的雌螺的怀胚数又高于湖泊中相应壳高组雌螺的怀胚数。生殖季节自4月中旬至11月底,其中以6月份产螺达高峰,其临界水温为16—18℃,最适水温在26℃左右。雌螺生长至壳高15—16毫米开始生殖。在自然种群中,每一雌螺每年平均产螺49．7个。雌螺所产仔螺的大小与年龄有关。对铜锈环棱螺的生长规律,提出了有关方程式。     

小鼠基础代谢率与繁殖输出和繁殖期末器官的关系

以封闭式流体压力呼吸计测定KM小鼠(Mus musculus)的基础代谢率(BMR);采用残差分析和Pearson相关分析检验BMR与繁殖输出、内脏器官的相关性。哺乳末期BMR显著高于繁殖前,繁殖前BMR与繁殖输出不相关,但哺乳末期BMR与体重、摄食量、胎仔数和胎仔重、内脏器官和消化道显著正相关;与消化道器官的相关性高于其他内脏器官。研究结果支持\"哺乳期较高的BMR有利于消化系统增强消化和吸收能力,以增加能量摄入用于繁殖输出\"的假设。     

长江鲥鱼种群生长和繁殖特性的研究

本文研究了长江鲥鱼的生长参数和繁殖特性:(1)采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程计算长江鲥鱼的生长,求得渐近体长值L_∞()=58.12厘米,L_∞()=52.22厘米,渐近体重值W_∞()=2874.64克,W_∞()=1989.99克,生长拐点t=1.7年,t=1.3年。(2)长江鲥鱼主要集中在赣江产卵,产卵时的水温为24.2—33.5℃,流速为0.31—1.52米/秒。(3)分析和比较了长江鲥鱼不同年际间种群数量和繁殖群体结构的特点,指出性成熟年龄提前是鲥鱼资源衰退的主要标征。     

西藏小型猪F1代与F0代生长繁殖性能的比较

目的比较研究广州地区西藏小型猪F1代与F0代引入群母猪繁殖和仔猪生长性能的差异。方法观察记录西藏小型猪F1代和F0代的产仔数、产活仔数、离乳仔数、初生重、30日龄和60日龄体重。结果西藏小型猪F1代和F0代母猪其初产平均产仔数、产活仔数、离乳仔数、平均初生重、30日龄和60日龄体重分别为3.83头、2.30头;3.29头、2.20头;3.14头、3.11头;0.66 kg、0.53 kg;2.70 kg2、.30 kg;4.50 kg、4.01 kg;F1代初产仔数和离乳率均显著高于F0代。结论西藏小型猪已经适应了广州高温高湿环境,能够稳定地生长繁殖。     

高表达人源SP15对小鼠生长和生殖的影响

目的:探究高表达人源SP15对小鼠生长和生殖的影响,为研究NYD-SP15在生物体中的功能提供动物模型。方法:将人源NYD-SP15 cDNA以及Cre序列插入PCAG启动子下游,构建NYD-SP15转基因表达载体,并通过原核注射,构建全身性表达NYD-SP15的转基因小鼠;将获得的NYD-SP15转基因小鼠与C57/BL6小鼠交配,PCR鉴定转基因小鼠是否有Cre插入,筛选出人源NYD-SP15表达的小鼠,统计转基因小鼠体重变化和后代阳性情况。结果:通过PCR鉴定及公司测序验证,我们成功构建了NYD-SP15转基因过表达载体。并通过PCR鉴定小鼠基因型,筛选出可以表达人NYD-SP15的转基因小鼠。比较转基因小鼠与同窝野生型小鼠体重,发现转基因小鼠体重与同窝野生型小鼠相比无明显区别,说明在体内过表达NYD-SP15对小鼠体重无明显影响。通过对后代阳性小鼠出生情况统计发现F2代阳性小鼠出生率较F1代明显降低。结论:人源NYD-SP15在小鼠体内能正常表达,对其生长无明显影响,但其后代阳性出生率呈逐代下降趋势,推测该原因可能与NYD-SP15在睾丸中表达有关。     

发头裸腹溞生长、生殖的研究

发头裸腹MoinairrasaBrehm（Cladocera）在25±1℃下有3个幼龄、6个成龄,平均寿命为167．7h,平均最大体长为1．75mm,平均产仔量为117个,rm为1．358／d;在30±1℃下有3个幼龄、7个成龄,平均寿命为121．0h,平均最大体长为1．71mm,平均产仔量为106．6个,rm为1．650／d。在生命初期30±1℃下体重增长率（dW／dt）、相对体长增长率（dL／Ldt）、体长、体重均大于25±1℃,在生命中后期25±1℃各增长率、体长及体重反而超出30±1℃。体重增长率25±1℃下在0．862d有一最大值,30±1℃下在0．395d有一最大值。两温度下相对体长增长率在t＝0即刚出生时最大。     

Effects of food supplementation on the physiological ecology of female Western diamond-backed rattlesnakes (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crotalus atrox</Emphasis>)

Food availability is an important factor in the life histories of organisms because it is often limiting and thus can affect growth, mass change, reproduction, and behaviors such as thermoregulation, locomotion, and mating. Experimental studies in natural settings allow researchers to examine the effects of food on these parameters while animals are free to behave naturally. The wide variation among organisms in energy demands and among environmental food resources suggest that responses to changes in food availability may vary among organisms. Since most supplemental feeding field experiments have been conducted on species with high energy demands, we conducted a supplemental feeding study on free-ranging, female Western diamond-backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox), a species with low energy demands and infrequent reproductive investment. Snakes were offered thawed rodents 1–4 times per week. Over two active seasons, we collected data on surface activity, home range size, growth, mass change, and reproduction of supplementally fed and control snakes. Fed and control snakes did not differ in surface activity levels (proportion of time encountered above versus below ground) or home range size. Fed snakes grew and gained mass faster, and had a dramatically higher occurrence of reproduction than control snakes. Also, fed snakes were in better body condition following reproduction than snakes that were not fed. However, litter characteristics such as offspring number and size were not increased by feeding, suggesting that these characteristics may be fixed. These data experimentally demonstrate that food availability can directly impact some life history traits (i.e., growth and reproduction for C. atrox), but not others (i.e., surface activity and home range size for C. atrox). The relationship between food availability and life history traits is affected in a complex way by ecological traits and physiological constraints, and thus interspecific variation in this relationship is likely to be high.     

Age and length at maturity of the female spiny dogfish,Squalus acanthias,in the Strait of Georgia,British Columbia,Canada

Synopsis A total of 3068 female spiny dogfish were examined to determine the age and length at maturity. The median age at maturity for females was 35.5 years with 95% confidence limits between 35.0 and 35.9 years. It was found that slower growing dogfish tended to mature at a smaller size. A deterministic model incorporating fecundity, growth and reproduction was used to examine the reproductive style of spiny dogfish. The age at maturity reported corresponds to the level that theoretically maximizes lifetime reproductive output for a cohort.     

Growth, secondary production and gonad development of two co-existing amphioxus species (Branchiostoma belcheri and B. malayanum) in subtropical Hong Kong

The present study investigated the growth, secondary production and gonad development of two co-existing amphioxus species Branchiostoma belcheri and B. malayanum in subtropical Hong Kong from June 2005 to June 2006. Based on the modal progression analysis, amphioxus populations were decomposed into separate cohorts. The von Bertalanffy growth models were also estimated according to the size incremental data. From the growth models, the size ranges of one, two and three-year-old B. belcheri were estimated to be 5-28 mm, 28-38 mm and 38-45 mm BL, respectively; while the one and two-year-old B. malayanum were estimated to be 7-30 mm and 30-35 mm BL, respectively. The secondary production was calculated at 1.15 g m^− 2 yr^− 1 DW or 0.63 g m^− 2 yr^− 1 AFDW for B. belcheri with density 424 ind m^− 2, and 0.51 g m^− 2 yr^− 1 DW or 0.40 g m^− 2 yr^− 1 AFDW for B. malayanum with density 121 ind m^− 2. The production to biomass ratio (P/B) was 1.13 for B. belcheri and 0.98 for B. malayanum. Changes in the gonad length index indicated that B. belcheri spawned mainly in June and July, while B. malayanum mainly in April and August. As compared with B. belcheri, B. malayanum was characterized by rapid growth, shorter life span, early maturity and lower population density. Such differences in population dynamics may allow both species to share a similar habitat and co-exist in subtropical waters of Hong Kong.     

神经内分泌因子调控鱼类生殖和生长的相互作用

脊椎动物的生长与生殖活动有着密切的联系并相互作用。许多调节生长和代谢活动的内分泌因子对青春期或者性腺的发育产生影响。同样,调节生殖活动的许多激素亦同时对生长和代谢产生影响。近年来,我们和其他学者对鱼类生长和生殖的神经内分泌调节的相互作用进行了研究,主要的进展是：①在促进性腺的激素影响生长方面,发现促性腺激素释放激素（ＧｎＲＨ）和多巴胺都能和脑垂体生长激素细胞的特异性受体结合而刺激生长激素释放,并能     

缩短天麻生长繁殖周期的研究

通过对红天麻和乌天麻生长繁殖周期的研究,初步建立了一种缩短天麻一代生长繁殖周期所完成的时间和季节历期的技术体系。具体方法是:(1)应用控温技术;(2)利用海拔(100~1 500 m)和气候(宜昌—海南岛)的差异,分段种植天麻。此法可将天麻箭麻—开花—种子—白麻这一生长发育阶段调控并固定在任一时间或季节里。运用此方法已将云南有性乌天麻箭麻的生长周期由28个月缩短到17个月,且保持品质优良;宜昌红天麻和乌红杂交天麻种子—种子的生长周期由24个月缩短至12个月以内。     

SPF级近交系Wistar大鼠繁殖性能的观察

目的对近交系Wistar大鼠进行繁殖性能的测定。方法选取血缘扩大群共18对,90日龄开始按1♀＊1♂进行交配,统计其生长繁殖性能。结果第二、三、四胎的平均窝产仔数和断奶窝重比第一和第五胎高。第一胎仔鼠从出生第3天到第7天（增重9．42g）、第14天到第21天（13．98g）快速生长。母鼠怀孕期、哺乳期体重、饲料和水的日消耗量有明显的差异,母鼠哺乳期饲料和水的日消耗量均比怀孕期高,母鼠怀孕期体重明显比哺乳期重,母鼠怀孕期体重后期比初期增加150g左右,曲线呈上升趋势。结论本群Wistar近交系大鼠的生长繁殖符合近交系大鼠的生长繁殖规律。