An artificial medium for rearingProdenia litura F. and two other noctuids

Résumé Un milieu artificiel pour l'élevage deProdenia litura F. est décrit sur lequel six générations successives de cette noctuelle furent élevées collectivement et deux individuellement. La fermeture du cycle biologique de larve néonata à larve néonate fut également obtenue sur ce milieu dans le cas d'Agrotis ypsilon Rott. etCyrphis unipuncta Haw.

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Contribution from The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research, Rehovot, Israel. 1964 Series, No. 679-E.

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Division of Entomology, the Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research Rehovot.     

Leptographium terebrantis sp. nov. associated with dendroctonus terebrans in loblolly pine

ALeptographium fungus associated with the black turpentine beetleDendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) is described for the first time. The nameLeptographium terebrantis sp. nov. is proposed.

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Zusammenfassung Der Pilz,Leptographium, der mit dem schwarzen Terpentinkäfer,Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) vergesellschaftet ist, wird das erste Mal beschrieben. Für den Pilz wird die BenennungLeptographium terebrantis vorgeschlagen.

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The authors are research entomologist and biological aide (microbiology) with the Forest Insect Research Project, at the Southern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Pineville, Louisiana.     

Pelagic larvae of New England intertidal gastropods II. Anachis avara

Summary The egg case, pelagic larvae, and young juvenile of Anachis avara Say, a species of prosobranch gastropod belonging to the family Columbellidae, are described and figured from specimes reared in the laboratory.

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Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit beschreibt die Eierkapseln, die pelagischen Larven und die Jugendformen von Anachis avara Say, einer prosobranchen Gastropoden-Spezies, die zur Familie der Columbelliden gehört. Abbildungen von Exemplaren, die im Laboratorium aufgezogen wurden, werden wiedergegeben.

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Contribution number 1341, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This research was supported by N.S.F. grant no. 17883.     

Prove di Lotta Contro ilPrays citri Mill. a mezzo diBacillus thuringiensis

Summary For the first time the Authors have proved in the laboratory and in the fieldB. thuringiensis against the citrus-flower moth (Prays citri Mill.) successfully.

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La memoria originale è stata publicata per esteso nelBollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia Agraria e dell'Osservatorio di Fitopatologia di Palermo, 6.     

Aspergillus Gracilis Bainier var. Sartoryi (Biourge) Batista,Lima e Vital n. var. — Sua importáncia filogenética

Summary We deal with a new variety ofAspergillus which we callAspergillus gracilis Bainiervar. sartoryi (Biourge) Batista, Lima and Vital.This variety appears to be very important under the phylogenetic point of view, apparently being an intermediate form betweenAspergillus andPenicillium.Its morphology resemblesA. gracilis but the conidia characteristics are distinct; we took the epithetsartoryi fromA. sartoryi Biourge which was not described by the respective author.We suggest, too, the transfer of the seriesA. restrictus, where we put our new variety, from the groupA. glaucus, to become independant, as a connective series in the phylogenetic development betweenAspergillus andPenicillium, since the type of the series and the other elements that it embraces does not produce sclerotia or cleistothecia and the conidial apparatus offers curious similarity toPenicillium. Besides, some fungi of the series grow well in certain culture media, in complete discordance with the members of the groupA. glaucus.

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Publiçacão no 4

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Chefe do Instituto de Micologia;

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Diretor do Instituto de Antibióticos e Prof. de Microbiologia da Escola de Química;

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Assistente micologista do Instituto de Micologia — (Todos da Universidade do Recife).

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Os autores declinam o seu agradecimento ao Dr.Heraldo da Silva maia, Assistente micologista eD. Marilene Maranhão Moreira, Auxiliar-Técnico, do Instituto de Micologia, pela colaboração que lhes prestaram, durante a realização do presente trabalho.     

L'élevage massif artificiel deCeratitis capitata Wied.

Summary A method of artificial mass-breeding ofCeratitis capitata has been developped after the results obtained byFinney andChristenson. The breeding of the larvae is obtained on a medium made of powdered atomised carrot and brewer's yeast, the development of molds and bacteria being inhibited by benzo?c and hydrochloric acids. Nearly 80 per cent of the eggs give adult flies. An original method for obtaining the eggs in an artificial egg-laying apparatus is described. The development of the insect is completed in 21 days at the temperature of 26°C. A daily production of 20 000 flies or more is easily obtained, at very low cost, by the work of a single person.

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Travail réalisé avec la collaboration technique de MlleM. Barthes.

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Station de Zoologie agricole du Centre de recherches agronomiques du Sud-Est.     

Kritische Bemerkungen zuPapaver bracteatum Lindl.

Zusammenfassung Form und Behaarung des Kelches und die Farbe der Kronblätter werden als wichtigste diagnostische Merkmale vonPapaver bracteatum Lindl. beschrieben. Sie erlauben dessen eindeutige Unterscheidung von verwandten Taxa. Dagegen sind die Brakteen, denen in der Literatur große Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wird, für eine Trennung ungeeignet.

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Summary Shape and pubescence of calyx and colour of petals are described as important diagnostic characters ofPapaver bracteatum Lindl. They allow a correct separation from related taxa. In contrast to the view found in literature the bracts are not essential to discrimination.

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Wir danken Herrn Prof. Dr. K.Mothes herzlich für sein Interesse am Fortgang unserer Untersuchungen und Herrn Dr. K.Werner vom Institut für Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie der Universität Halle für kritische Diskussionen bei der Abfassung des Manuskriptes.     

Über den Feinbau der Duftdrüsen von Heteropteren

The scent-production and the scent-delivery in the posterior larval gland of the cotton bug Dysdercus intermedius Dist. was explored by means of light microscopy and electron microscopy.

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Mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. R. Danneel danke ich für beratende Hilfe. Für die Anfertigung der elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen stellte mir freundlicherweise Herr Prof. Dr. E. Scholtyseck das Mikroskop Zeiss EM 9A zur Verfügung. Fräulein Karin Wenzelmann und Fräulein Barbara Vogt danke ich für technische Assistenz.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. R. Lermensick zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

La variabilité cytologique dans la descendance des femelles de Luffia ferchaultella steph. (Lepidoptera psychidae)

Summary The procedure which leads to the restoration of the diploid chromosomal number in the egg of the parthenogenetic Luffia ferchaultella is similar in all the eggs laid by one female. But it may vary in the eggs of closely related females (mother and daughters or sisters). Therefore it is not a characteristic of the parthenogenetic strain.

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Au Professeur Bauer, en témoignage d'admiration.

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Travail subventionné par le Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique.     

Untersuchungen über die Wirkung des hydrostatischen Druckes auf das Wachstum von Delesseria sanguinea (L.) Lamour. aus der westlichen Ostsee

Observations on the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the growth of Delesseria sanguinea (L.) Lamour. from the western Baltic Sea.The post-treatment effects of hydrostatic pressures (100–500 atm) on the growth in lenght and breadth of young prolifications of D. sanguinea were studied at 15°C. Growth activity was compared amongst the prolifications separated from the midrib and not separated ones, and cell-viability as influenced by high pressures was also observed under the microscope. Pressure-temperature relationship was investigated, in which the pressure effects on growth were studied at different temperatures (5°–22°C), using prolifications which were previously adapted to corresponding temperatures. Long-termed experiments were also set up to study the capability of pressure adaptation in young leaflets. In this regard the growth activity was measured after long-termed exposure to relatively smaller pressures (20–60 atm).

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Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, B. R. D.

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Meinem hochverehrten Doktorvater, Herrn Prof. Dr. Fritz Gessner, zum ersten Wiederkehr seines Todestages am 20.12.1973 gewidmet.     

Die Ultrastruktur der Sinneszellen im Pinealorgan von Phoxinus laevis L.

Zusammenfassung Das schlauchförmige, stark vaskularisierte Pinealorgan der Elritze (Phoxinus laevis L.) enthält zahlreiche Sinneszellen vom Typ der zilientragenden Photorezeptoren. Das sehr regelmäßig gebaute Außenglied dieser Sinneszellen besteht gewöhnlich aus 30–40 etwa 200 Å starken Plättchen, die durch multiple Invaginationen des Plasmalemms entstehen. Gelegentlich beobachtet man aber auch längere, bis zu 70 Plättchen tragende Sinnesfortsätze. Dieser Befund und weitere neurohistologische Ergebnisse sind eine morphologische Erklärung für die Lichtempfindlichkeit des Zwischenhirns augenloser Elritzen (von Frisch, 1911; E. Scharrer, 1928). Dem Vergleich dient das Pinealorgan der Regenbogenforelle, dessen Lichtempfindlichkeit vom Arbeitskreis Dodt in direkten Mikroelektrodenableitungen gesichert wurde.

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Summary The tubular, highly vascularized pineal organ of the European minnow (Phoxinus laevis L.) contains a large number of sensory cells, which strongly resemble photoreceptors of the ciliary type. The outer segment of these cells consists generally of 30–40 discs.These elements, which are approximately 200 Å thick, are formed by multiple infoldings of the cell membrane. Certain longer outer segments contain at about 70 discs. These results and other neurohistological findings form an anatomical basis for the interpretation of the light-sensitivity of the diencephalon in blinded minnows (Von Frisch, 1911; E. Scharrer, 1928). The pineal receptors of Phoxinus should be compared with the ultrastructure of the pineal organ of the trout; in Salmo irideus light sensitive units of the pineal organ were recorded by means of microelectrodes (Dodt et al., 1963–1966).

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Frau Prof. Dr. Berta Scharrer zum 60. Geburtstag in Verehrung gewidmet. Zugleich in dankbarer Erinnerung an Ernst Scharrer.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Gleichzeitiger Nachweis von phenolarmen und phenolreichen Phasen in den Blattepidermiszellen vonSalix alba L.

Zusammenfassung In vielen Epidermiszellen der Blattoberseite vonSalix alba L. wurden in den Vakuolen stark und schwach lichtbrechende Phasen nebeneinander beobachtet. Mit dem Vitalfarbstoff Brillantcresylblau und verschiedenen mikrochemischen Nachweisen konnten sekundäre Vakuoleninhaltsstoffe innerhalb einer Zelle getrennt voneinander nachgewiesen werden. Während in den stark lichtbrechenden Gebilden alle Reaktionen auf Gerbstoffe (Gemische mit vielen phenolischen OH-Gruppen) positiv verliefen, wiesen die Reaktionen in den schwach lichtbrechenden Phasen auf Flavonoide und ihre Derivate (Gemische mit weniger phenolischen OH-Gruppen) hin.

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Simultaneous demonstration of separate phases with different phenol content in the leaf epidermis cells ofSalix alba L.

Summary Strongly and weakly refractive phases occur in many vacuoles of the upper leaf epidermis ofSalix alba L. Different secondary vacuolar substances could be demonstrated separately in the interior of single cells by vital staining with brillant cresyl blue as well as by various microchemical assays. Only flavonoids (substances containing few phenolic OH-groups) could be detected in the weakly refractive phase whereas tannins (substances rich in phenolic OH-groups) could be demonstrated in the strongly refractive phases.

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Frau Prof. Dr.Maria Luhan zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Die Autorin dankt Herrn Prof. Dr.Helmut Kinzel, Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Wien, und Herrn Doz. Dr.Hanno Richter, Botanisches Institut der Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, für ihre freundliche Diskussionsbereitschaft und Herrn Dr.Robert Kartusch für die Anfertigung der Abbildungen.     

A new genus and species (Pakencyrtus pakistanensis gen. & sp. nov.) of the familyEncyrtidae [Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea] from Pakistan

During the course of a survey of scale insects and their natural enemies in West Pakistan, this species was found to be parasitic onAspidiotus destructor Sign. attackingMangifera indica, Eugenia cumini, Musa sapientum andPsidium guajava in the former Punjab and Sind Provinces. It proved to be new, belonging to an undescribed genus closely related toAgeniaspis Dahlb. [Encyrtidae] differing mainly in the number of segments of the labial and maxillary palpi. A new genus is therefore erected for this species.

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Résumé Au cours de l'étude dans l'Ouest-Pakistan des Cochenilles et de leurs ennemis naturels, cette nouvelle espèce s'est révélée parasite d'Aspidiotus destructor Sign. Elle appartient à un nouveau genre proche desAgeniaspis Dahlb. (Encyrtidae).

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This research has been financed in part by a grant made by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service.     

Drei neue Blattlaus-Parasiten aus Hongkong

Summary Two new species of the genusBinodoxys Mackauer 1960 and one new species of the genusLipolexis Foerster 1862 (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from the Oriental region are described. All parasites have been reared from aphids onCitrus. A key is given for the known species of the genusLipolexis Foerster.

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22. Beitrag zur Kenntnis derAphidiidae.     

Investigations onAlcidion cereicola [Col.: Cerambycidae] a potential agent for the biological control ofEriocereus martinii [Cactaceae] in Australia

The CerambycidAlcidion cereicola Fisher attacks cacti in northern Argentina, the larval feeding resulting in the death of mature plants. The insect is hardy and easily reared, with a short life cycle. Laboratory tests and field observations demonstrate that it will only damage plants in the sub-familyCereanae of theCactaceae. It was approved for liberation in Queensland, Australia, in October 1974 for the control ofEriocereus martinii Lab.

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Résumé Le longicorneA. cereicola Fisher ataque les Cactus d'Argentine septentrionale, les larves provoquant la mort des plantes adultes. L'insecte est robuste et facile à élever, ayant un cycle biologique de courte durée. Les observations faites en laboratoire et dans la nature montrent qu'il s'attaque exclusivement aux plantes de la sous-familleCereanae de la famille des Cactacées. Son introduction en Queensland, Australie a été approuvée en Octobre 1974 pour la lutte contreEriocereus martinii Lab.

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FormerlyCruttwell.     

Die Feinstruktur der Cerebraldrüse von Planorbarius corneus L. (Basommatophora)

Summary The fine structure of the cerebral gland of the fresh water snail Planorbarius corneus has been described. The apical cell surfaces of the epithelium bordering the lumen are covered with short microvilli and in some parts with cilia. There is a remarkable enlargement of the basal surface of those cells underlying the perineurium by long branched cell processes. The fine structure and density of the substances in the lumen differ; inclusions of paracrystallin structure are found. The possible functional significance of these organs in Pulmonates is discussed.

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Frau Prof. Dr. B. Scharrer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Beitrag zur Phytochemie der Hepaticae

Zusammenfassung In sauren methanolischen Extrakten aus gametophytischem Gewebe vonLophocolea bidentata (L.)Dum. undPlagiochila asplenioides (L.)Dum. konnte zum ersten Male Ellagsäure mit Hilfe dünnschichtchromatographischer Methoden identifiziert werden. Daneben fanden sich in den Extrakten noch einige andere bisher noch nicht identifizierte Phenole, darunter möglicherweise 8 Flavonoide.

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Summary Ellagic acid was detected in acidic methanol-extracts of gametophytic tissue ofLophocolea bidentata (L.)Dum. andPlagiochila asplenioides (L.)Dum. The identification was accomplished by thin-layer Chromatographic methods. Beside this compound some more still unidentified phenolics were found, among those probably 8 flavonoids.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. L.Brauner, mit den herzlichsten Wünschen zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. H.Jork von der Fachrichtung Pharmakognosie und Analytische Phytochemie sowie Fräulein S.Klein danken wir sehr für die Hilfe bei der Herstellung der UV-Spektren. Herrn grad. biol. et chem. S.Bartl danken wir für hilfreiche Diskussion.     

Abwehrreaktionen vonMalacosoma neustria gegen Tachinenlarven bei gleichzeitigem Auftreten einer Kernpolyedrose

Summary Two types of larvae ofMalacosoma neustria (L.) different in their behaviour as well as in their activity, produce also layers of hemocytes of different thickness after parasitization by the tachinidMericia ampelus wilk. A nuclear polyhedrosis that occurred simultaneously killed both larval types at different speed. The possibility is discussed that the quality of the hemocyte reaction to parasitization depends not only directly on the larval type, but also indirectly through the polyhedrosis.

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Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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Herrn WOR Dr. J. M.Franz danke ich für wertvolle Anregungen und jederzeitige Unterstützung der Arbeit.     

Risultati della lotta biologica contro ilDacus oleae Gmel. a mezzo dell'Opius concolor Sz. siculus Mon.

Summary The Author reports on the essays of artificial biological control of the olive fly (Dacus oleae Gmel.) made by himself andGenduso with the specific parasiteOpius c. siculus Mon. found in Sicily. The Authors followingDelanoue's technic have bred theseOpius in laboratory on larvae ofCeratitis capitata Wied; so they were able to release: in 1961 — 1000Opius in a small olive plantation near Palermo; in 1962 — 24000Opius in the island of Pantelleria (Sicily); in 1963 — 40000Opius in the island of Salina (Eolic Islands-Sicily); in 1964 — 180000Opius also in the island of Salina. The releasedOpius are ever reproduced, reducing theDacus pest. From the agricultural standpoint the results have been satisfactory and the Author hope to release a great number ofOpius in the olive plantation of all Eolic islands, in 1965.

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Nota:Fischer (1958, 1963) ha pubblicato un lavoro sugliOpius della Regione etiopica, nel quale, a parziale modifica del precedente guidizio di sinonimia, dichiara perl'Opius siculus Mon.: ?sarebbe meglio considerarlo una razza del concolor? (?am besten als Rasse von O. concolorSzépl. aufzufassen?).     

Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Rhizobiaceae

Zusammenfassung Durch Anwendung der DNA-DNA-Hybridisierungsmethode von McCarthy u. Bolton (1963) werden verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen der Gattung Agrobacterium und Rhizobium nachgewiesen. Außerdem ergeben sich Hinweise, die taxonomische Affinitäten einiger Blattsymbionten in Rubiaceae zu den Rhizobiaceae vermuten lassen.

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Contribution to the taxonomy of the rhizobiaceae

Summary By application of the DNA-DNA-hybridizationmethod (McCarthy and Bolton, 1963) relatedness between the genera Agrobacterium and Rhizobium is demonstrated. Some indications show taxonomic affinities of symbionts in leaves of Rubiaceae to the Rhizobiaceae.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. F. Schwanitz zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.