Achene Wall Anatomy and Surface Sculpturing of Lactuca L. and Related Genera （Compositae： Lactuceae） with Notes on Their Systematic Significance

The achene wail anatomy and surface sculpturing of 14 species representing Lactuca L. and related genera were Investigated to evaluate inter-and Intrageneric relationships. The achene wall anatomy of the studied species can be divided Into two types： winged and ribbed. The winged type is present in Lactuca L., Pterocypsela Shlh, Clcerblta Wallr., Chaetoserls Shlh and Stenoseris Shlh, and is characterized by protruding wings and costae in transverse section. Winged type achene mesocarps are composed of parenchymatous cells and fiber ceils, and the distinct fibrous strands are confined to the costae or wings of the achenes. The ribbed type is present in Notoseris Shih and Paraprenanthes Chang ex Shih, and Is characterized by only having costae In transverse section. Fiber cells are continuous in the costae and intercostae, in surface sculpturing, the ornamentation and the shape of epidermal cells are different among these genera. The results Indicate that L. altalca and L. serrlola should be conspeclfic, and that L. dollchophylla is probably an Intermediate taxon between Lactuca and Chaetoserls. The results also support the separation of Pterocypseia, Paraprenanthes, Notoseris, Chaetoseris and Stenoserls from Lactuca and Clcerblta as independent entitles. Close affinities between Pterocypsela and Lactuca, Paraprenanthes and Notoserls, and Chaetoserls and Stenoserls are also proposed.     

植物精细胞及其研究概况

本文介绍了植物精细胞的基础知识及其相关问题的最新研究成果概况,并评述了目前的研究现状。     

植物嫁接基础理论研究（下）

植物嫁接基础理论研究（下）杨世杰,卢善发（北京农业大学生物学院１０００９４）（续１９９５年第３０卷第９期第１２页）３＄接方法学、组织学、细胞学、生理学及生物化学的研究３．１方法学根据研究的需要,发展出一系列新的嫁接和预测亲和性和不亲和性的方法。３．１...     

植物乙烯生物合成研究进展

本文对植物体内乙烯生物合成途径中控制ＡＣＣ合成及代谢的三种酶：ＡＣＣ合酶,ＡＣＣ氧化酶和ＡＣＣ：Ｎ－丙二酰基转移酶的特性、基因家庭及其表达等方面的问题进行了评述。     

Photosynthetic Properties of Photosystem Ⅱ in Arabidopsis thaliana Ipa1 Mutant

In a previous study, we characterized a high chlorophyll fluorescence Ipal mutant of Arabidopsis thallana, in which approximately 20% photosystem （PS） Ⅱ protein is accumulated. In the present study, analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics and thermoluminescence profiles demonstrated that the electron transfer reaction on either the donor or acceptor side of PSII remained largely unaffected in the Ipa1 mutant. In the mutant, maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm, where Fm is the maximum fluorescence yield and Fv is variable fluorescence） decreased with increasing light intensity and remained almost unchanged in wildtype plants under different light conditions. The Fv/Fm values also increased when mutant plants were transferred from standard growth light to low light conditions. Analysis of PSll protein accumulation further confirmed that the amount of PSll reaction center protein is correlated with changes in Fv/Fm in Ipal plants. Thus, the assembled PSll in the mutant was functional and also showed increased photosensitivity compared with wild-type plants.     

基因芯片技术在植物研究中的应用

简述了基因芯片的原理、特点、分类及制作方法,同时详细综述了基因芯片技术在植物研究中的应用。     

植物嫁接基础理论研究（上）

植物嫁接基础理论研究（上）杨世杰，卢善发（北京农业大学生物学院１０００９４）嫁接作为一项农业生产技术，起源于战国，在果树、蔬菜、花卉生产上发挥愈来愈明显的作用。它又是一种科研的方法与手段，已作出并将继续作出重要贡献。早在１９４９年，美国罗伯茨（Ｒｏｂ...     

Tomato Fruit Development and Ripening Are Altered by the Silencing of LeEIN2 Gene

Loss-of-function ethylene insensitive 2 （EIN2） mutations showed ethylene insensitivity in Arabidopsis, which indicated an essential role of EIN2 in ethylene signaling. However, the function of EIN2 in fruit ripening has not been investigated. To gain a better understanding of EIN2, the temporal regulation of LeEIN2 expres- sion during tomato fruit development was analyzed. The expression of LeEIN2 was constant at different stages of fruit development, and was not regulated by ethylene. Moreover, LeEIN2-silenced tomato fruits were developed using a virus-induced gene silencing fruit system to study the role of LeEIN2 in tomato fruit ripening. Silenced fruits had a delay in fruit development and ripening, related to greatly descended expression of ethylene-related and ripening-related genes in comparison with those of control fruits. These results suggested LeEIN2 positively mediated ethylene signals during tomato development. In addition, there were fewer seeds and Iocules in the silenced fruit than those in the control fruit, like the phenotype of parthenocarpic tomato fruit. The content of auxin and the expression of auxin-regulated gene were declined in silenced fruit, which indicated that EIN2 might be important for crosstalk between ethylene and auxin hormones.     

Complementation and Expression Analysis of SoRab1A and SoRab2A in Sugarcane Demonstrates Their Functional Diversification

Mammalian and plant Rabl and Rab2 are small GTPases that regulate vesicle trafficking in the endoplasmic reticulum （ER） to Golgi compartments. Little is known about their functional diversification or potential interaction. We cloned sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum L.） Rab1A and Rab2A genes and studied their functional differences by expression and complementation experiments. We found differential expression of the two genes during sugarcane leaf development： SoRab2A expression declined from the dividing base to the maturing tip of the growing leaves, whereas SoRab1A was constitutively expressed, suggesting that SoRab2A is required for cell division and expansion and SoRablA is required for cells at all developmental stages. We used a yeast temperature sensitive ypt1-A 136D mutant strain to further investigate these shared and unique functions. Yptl is a small GTPase that regulates vesicle transport in the same cellular location as Rabl and Rab2. Neither SoRab1A nor SoRab2A alone could restore the growth of the mutant at restrictive temperatures when SoRab1A and SoRab2A were transformed separately. However, SoRab1A transformants maintained normal morphology and viability at non-permissive temperature, and resumed growth when returned to permissive temperature, whereas SoRab2A transformants died at non-permissive temperature, suggesting that SoRablA function is required for a cell＇s viability. Mutant growth was fully restored when SoRab1A and SoRab2A were co-transformed, indicating that SoRablA and SoRab2A complement each other and they both are needed to restore the function of ypt1-A136D. These results demonstrate that SoRab1A and SoRab2A serve distinct but overlapping functions, mostly by regulating the transportation of different sets of proteins.     

植物生理学通向新农业的途径

人类面临着人口、食物、能源、环境、资源问题的挑战,我国形势尤为严峻,人口每年增加1500万,耕地每年减少700万亩。人口多,底子薄,资源匾乏。我国农业发展必须依靠科技进步,走“高产优质高效”的道路,植物生理学对振兴农业将愈益显示其重要作用。121世纪新农业三．星发展农业由靠能源、凭经验转到更加依靠科学发达国家过去发展农业生产较大程度上依靠能源,大量投资化肥、农药、高度机械化。Wittwer指出：“将有一个世界范围的急剧转变,从依靠自然资源为基础的农业转向更以依靠科学为基础的农业”。我国农业生产很长一段时期是依靠…     

植物质外体的研究方法

质外体是细胞之间的空间和细胞膜与细胞壁之间的微小空间通过细胞壁上的微孔连接而成的一个连续［１］。整株植物的质外体是连续的。它是养分运输的重要途径,并有贮存养分和活化养分的功能。因此,质外体在植物代谢中的作用倍受人们的重视。然而由于质外体在植物中所占的比例较小,它与膜内细胞质之间存在着水分与物质的平衡,从而给有关质外体的研究带来许多困难。近些年来,国际上在这方面的研究取得了一些进展。本文着重介绍目前在植物营养研究中几种常用的质外体研究方法。１植物地上部质外体的测定方法在质外体的研究中,根系质外体已…     

New Species of Meconopsis （Papaveraceae） from Balang Shan, Western Sichuan, China

A new species with two varieties,Meconopsis balangensis varieties balangensis and atrata (Papaveraceae),is described and characterized.Differences separating it from similar species are discussed and photos showing the diagnostic features are provided.     

试析世纪之交植物生理学研究的动向

简要介绍了当今植物生理学研究中值得注意的四个动向,它们是从研究生物大分子到阐明复杂生命活动——基因组学、基因结构与功能的研究;实现生命整体性的重要环节——信号传递的研究;生命活动的能量和物质基础——代谢及其调节的研究;植物与环境(非生物和生物环境)的相互关系——生物的协同进化和适应的研究。     

Chemical Constituents of Daphne giraldii Nitsche

In a search for structurally interesting substances from traditional Chinese medicines, eight compounds were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Daphne giraldii Nitsche. On the basis of one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data, and chemical methods, their structures were determined to be 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one-8-hydroxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-（2-oxo- 2H-1-benzopyran-7-hydroxy-8-yloxy） （compound 1）, 1-pentanone, 1-（4-hydroxyphenyl）-5-phenyl （compound 2）, octadecyl caffeate （compound 3）, （＋）syringaresinol-4,4＇-diglycoside （compound 4）, daphnetin-8-O-β-D- glucopyranoside （compound 5）, p-hydroxybenzoic acid （compound 6）, 7,7＇-dihydroxy-[6, 8＇-bi-2H-benzopyran]- 2, 2＇-dione （compound 7）, and daphnorin （compound 8）, respectively. Of the compounds isolated, compounds 1 and 2, which we named daphnolin and daphnolon, respectively, were new, and the others were obtained from this plant for the first time.     

A Cytotoxic Neolignan from Schisandra propinqua （Wall.） Baill.

In the course of our study of bioactive natural products from Schisandra plants, we isolated a neolignan from an EtOAc extract of the stems of Schisandra propinqua （Wall.） Baill. The structure of the new com- pound was determined to be 4, 4-di （4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenly）-2, 3-dimethylbutanol （compound 1） on the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra and 2D NMR methods. Eight known compounds, compounds 2-9, were also isolated and identified, of which compounds 3, 4, 6 and 9 were isolated for the first time from this plant. In addition, compounds 1-4 were evaluated for cytotoxicity by an 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Compound 1 showed significant potential cytotoxic ability in the bioassay.     

植物钙调素研究进展

钙调素（Ｃａｌｍｏｄｕｌｉｎ,简称ＣａＭ）做为Ｃａ２＋的受体,在Ｃａ２＋信号系统传导中起着关键的作用,它通过和Ｃａ２＋的结合而激活一系列的靶酶和非酶蛋白质,从而调控生理代谢及基因表达。孙大业、郭艳林（１９９１）和龚明等人（１９９０）在各自的论著中对植物钙调素已作了介绍,本文除了涉及他们所没有提到的某些问题之外,重点介绍了植物ＣａＭ研究的新进展