钩冠角蝉属的变异及分类研究（同翅目：角蝉科）

通过研究,作者认为钩冠角蝉属Hypsolyrium的前胸背板前角突形状在同种个体间变异很大,不能作为种鉴别的主要特征。作者通过对雄性外生殖器、头部额唇基端部形状、两单眼间距离、前胸背板齿的有无、后突起长度、雌性翅的形状等特征的观察,对钩冠角蝉属进行了分类研究,记述了本属所有已知种类——全世界共知7种,其中包括3新种,即乌桕钩冠角蝉H.sapium,油桐钩冠角蝉H.aleurites, 江西钩冠角蝉H.jangxiensis,制作了分种检索表。并应用Farris-Wagner数值分析法对7个种的系统发育进行了分析,绘制了系统发育支序图。     

巨刺角蝉属中国种类记述(同翅目:角蝉科)

巨刺角蝉属Centrotypus St?l属于角蝉科露盾角蝉亚科Centrotinae弧角蝉族Leptocentrini。主要识别特征是:前胸背板膨大凸圆,上肩角极发达,扁平,向外伸张很宽;后突起长,微波状,基部着生接近小盾片,后部与前翅后缘相接触;后翅4端室。我国过去只记载一种。我们从全国搜集的角蝉科标本中,找到该属标本52件,均采自云南和广西两省,鉴定出8种,其中5新种,2种为中国新记录。现将中国种类的特征,分布及有些种类的寄主植物记述如下,并制成检索表,供调查鉴定和研究的参考。     

片角蝉

<正>角蝉科(Membracidae)虽然多为小到中型的昆虫,但却因其外形独特受到了世界各地昆虫学家和爱好者的青睐。几乎所有的角蝉都可以称得上是"奇葩",它们的头顶通常有向上的突起;前胸背板也特别发达,向后延伸形成后突起,盖住小盾片、腹部一部分或者全部,常有背突、前突或侧突等。     

中国角蝉科耳角蝉属一新种(半翅目:角蝉科)

本文记述了中国角蝉科耳角蝉属1新种——未来耳角蝉Maurya dreamonia,sp．nov．模式标本保存于四川大学生命科学学院动物标本馆。 未来耳角蝉Maurya dreamonia Zeng,新种 体中型,体长6．5mm,褐色,肩角间宽2．5mm,上肩角间宽3．2mm。近似于脊顶耳角蝉M．verticicarinalis Yuan,1988和瘤耳角蝉Mparadoxa（Lethierry,1876）,新种最显著特征在于上肩角发达,无弯曲,直伸向外上方：后突起中部更为拱起。与脊顶耳角蝉相比,新种前翅翅脉还具有小瘤结颗粒。 正模：♀,四川卧龙自然保护区（1980m）,2004-Ⅶ-06,曾昱采。     

中国扬角蝉属二新种(同翅目:角蝉科)

扬角蝉属Nilautama,中国新记录 扬角蝉属Nilautama属于弧角蝉族Leptocentrini,是Distant 1907年建立的,和弧角蝉属Leptocentrus、负角蝉属Telingana的亲缘关系极近。主要识别特征是:后突起从前胸背板后上方生出,向上后方斜举呈刺状,不弯曲,顶端达不到前翅内角;上肩角发达;后翅4个端室。全世界已记述4种,均分布于东洋区的印度、马来亚、槟榔岛、爪哇、缅甸、加里曼丹、沙捞越等地。     

中国角蝉总科昆虫前胸背板外长物的多样性类型及命名

中国的角蝉大多属于露盾角蝉亚科Ｃｅｎｔｒｏｔｉｎａｅ,其前胸背板上的外长物－突起、脊突、结等极富多样性。以前Ｗ．Ｄ．Ｆｕｎｋｈｏｕｓｅｒ（１９５０）等对这些外长物的记述主要根据其着生的位置,延伸的方向和形状。作者认为,应首先划分着生的层次,再进一步按着生的位置、延伸的方向、开头划分类型。本文根据这些原则提出了中国角蝉前胸背板外长物多样性的类型及命名,并对每个类型作出界定。     

中国雅角蝉属一新种：同翅目：角蝉科

中国雅角蝉属一新种（同翅目：角蝉科）袁锋,范骁凌（西北农业大学昆虫研究所陕西省杨陵区７１２１００）本文记述了采自云南勐腊、勐养雅角蝉属ＣｅｎｔｒｏｃｈａｒｅｓＳｔｌ１新种。模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。花翅雅角蝉Ｃｅｎｔｒｏｃｈａｒｅｓｐｏｒ...     

中国高冠角蝉族的记述

角蝉科分为7亚科,古北区只有露盾角蝉亚科Centrotinae和管尾角蝉亚科Dar-thulinae(我们1979年新设立的)两个亚科。露盾角蝉亚科我国已记载的21属154种,通常划分为7族,高冠角蝉族Hypsauchenini是其中的一个。 高冠角蝉族的最显著特征,是前胸背板有一个竖立的前角突;前足胫节不呈叶状。 本族全世界已记载的8属47种,其中只3属3种分布于我国,其余属种多分布于印     

越南脊额叶蝉属一新种(同翅目：叶蝉科，横脊叶蝉亚科)

脊额叶蝉属Carniata系李子忠、汪廉敏1992年根据贵州标本建立的新属[1],隶于同翅目Homoptera叶蝉科Cicadellidae横脊叶蝉亚科Evacanthinae。目前本属已记载7种[2],主要分布在贵州、云南、四川等省。本文记述了V.Novotny采自越南的一新种。模式标本保存在贵州农学院。端叉脊额叶蝉Carinatahi加rcata新种（图1～6）体连翅长：雄性4．9～5·lin。,雌性5·2～5·5mm。头部比前胸背板窄,头冠前端成角状突出,中域轻度隆起,中央有1明显纵脊,两侧有侧脊,起自头冠顶端,冠面有纵皱纹;单眼位于侧脊外侧,距复限较距头冠顶端近;颜面额唇基…     

尖三刺角蝉的核型与性二型现象：同翅目：角蝉科

尖三刺角蝉Ｔｈｉｃｅｎｔｒｕｓａｃｕｔｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ的雌雄均只有１０条染色体,性别决定为ＸＹ型,是角蝉科已知最为独特的核型特征,该种具有明显的性二型现象,由于雄性不具有上肩角,极易被误认为是秃角蝉属ＣｅｎｔｒｏｔｏｓｃｅｌｌｕｓＦｕｎｋｈｏｕｓｅｒ的种类。本文根据染色体特征,首次确定了该种的雄性,并对其形态特征进行了描述。     

沙门菌CWDMs乳酸脱氢酶同功酶的观察

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法检测伤寒杆菌和甲型副伤寒杆菌的ＣＷＤＭｓ及其宁代细菌型和伤寒杆菌粗糙型的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同功酶,以了解沙门菌ＣＷＤＭｓ生物氧化的特点和机制,探讨ＣＷＤＭｓ变异的性质。结果表明,伤寒杆菌和甲型副伤寒杆菌的细菌型及伤寒杆粗糙型在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后显示出相同的４种具有不同泳动速率的ＬＤＨ同功酶,但ＣＷＤＭｓ仅显示２种ＬＤＨ。ＣＷＤＭｓ的２种ＬＤＨ同功酶与其亲代细菌型及伤寒杆     

中国鳐类脑颅的研究

作者解剖观察了33种,隶于4目、7亚目、15科、19属的中国鳐类脑颅的形态。研究结果认为:锯鳐目和鳐目是原始类群,它们均具吻软骨,其中圆犂头鳐科和团扇鳐科是特化类群。电鳐目亦具吻软骨,它们是特化和退化类群。在较高等的鲼目则无吻软骨。依据鳐类不同的分类阶元,其脑颅亦各具有不同的式型。     

省沽油科叶解剖结构的分类学意义

本文对国产省沽油科 Staphyleaceae 4属植物叶的解剖结构进行了详细的比较研究。结果表明, 叶解剖结构特征在属间的区别较明显, 特别是瘿椒树属 Tapiscia 有着几乎与其他三属截然不同的独特性状。根据已有的孢粉学, 花、节及木材的解剖等方面的资料, 我们支持Тахтаджян(1987)将瘿椒树亚科分出而建立瘿椒树科 Tapisciaceae 的观点。瘿椒树属为我国特有属, 根据我们对采自不同产地的材料观察, 居群间的差异很小, 其可能仍为一单种属。     

ASCOCARPIC CENTRUM ONTOGENY OF SPECIES OF HYPODERMATACEAE OF CONIFERS

Studies on the morphology of the ascocarps of 39 species of Hypodermataceae revealed several previously unknown cytological features. Two basic and one intermediate type of centrum ontogeny are discussed. Ascal initiation within Type I centrum occurs in the basal cells of the pseudoparaphyses and involves anastomoses, while ascal initiation within Type II occurs in cells of a plectenchymatous centrum, with no visible anastomosing in the ascocarp. There is frequent anastomosing between vegetative hyphae well in advance of initiation of the ascocarp. Ascal initiation in the intermediate type has ontogenetic sequences similar to those in Types I and II.     

沙门菌CWDMs苹果酸脱氢酶的检测

目的：了解沙门菌细菌壁缺陷突变株（CWDMs）的生物氧化及遗传特点和探讨细菌壁缺陷变异的性质与机制。方法：采用PAGE电泳法和分光光度法检测伤寒沙门菌和甲型副伤寒沙门菌及其CWDMs和伤寒沙门菌粗糙型和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）同工酶的活性与类型。结果：伤寒沙门菌和甲型副伤寒沙门菌的细菌型和伤寒沙门菌粗糙型经PAGE电泳可见一条MDH同工酶带,CWDMs电泳后可见两条MDH同Ⅰ酶带,在CWDMs的MDH中有一条泳动速率与细菌型及粗糙型的相同,另一条则较快。分光光度法检测证实。细菌型与粗糙型的MDH活性相似,CWDMs的MDH活性则明显较低。结论：CWDMs保留了与亲代细菌型一致的MDH和形成了一种新的MDH,并且其MDH的活性已显著降低,此特性可能与CWDMs生物氧化特性的改变有关。     

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF AUXIN-INDUCED TUMORS OF THE COLEORHIZA-EPIBLAST OF WHEAT

When wheat is germinated in high concentrations of certain auxins, the coleorhiza-epiblast grows in an excessive and disorganized manner and resembles a callus. Wheat was germinated in 10⁻³ M indoleacetic acid or in water. There was greater net synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein in the tumor tissue than in control tissue. Control and tumor tissue was fixed for electron microscopy 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after sowing. In contrast to the controls, many more lipoidal bodies appeared in 1-day-old, auxin-treated tissue and thereafter diminished in number. In 2- and 3-day-old tumor tissue, small membraneous fragments were prominent but disappeared in older tissue. With time, the following changes became progressively more pronounced: cytoplasmic vacuolation, appearance of myelin figures, polyribosome configurations and extensive profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and sloughing of cytoplasmic contents into and accumulation of electron-dense material in vacuoles. Possible factors in susceptibility of certain tissues to tumor formation are discussed.     

STABILITY OF SUSPENSIONS OF SOLID PARTICLES OF PROTEINS AND PROTECTIVE ACTION OF COLLOIDS

1. It is shown that the concentrations of different salts required to precipitate suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles in water are practically identical with the concentrations of the same salts required for the "salting out" of gelatin from aqueous solutions. Neither effect shows any relation to the electrical double layers surrounding the particles. 2. It is shown that at the isoelectric point of gelatin, suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles are not stable and it had been shown previously that gelatin is least soluble at the isoelectric point. The addition of salt increases both the solubility of gelatin in water as well as the stability of suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles in water, and both effects increase with the valency of one of the ions of the salt. 3. This latter effect is not due to any charges conferred on the gelatin particles by the salts, since the cataphoretic experiments show that salts like NaCl, Na₂SO₄, or CaCl₂, which at the isoelectric point of gelatin increase the solubility of gelatin as well as the stability of suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles, leave the particles practically uncharged in the concentrations in which the salts are efficient. 4. It follows from all these facts that the stability of suspensions of gelatin-coated particles in water depends on the solubility of gelatin in water; e.g., on the chemical affinity of certain groups of the gelatin molecule for water. 5. Though crystalline egg albumin is highly soluble in water, the stability of collodion particles coated with crystalline egg albumin does not depend upon the affinity of the albumin molecule for water, but depends practically alone on the electrical double layer surrounding each particle. As soon as the P.D. of this double layer falls below 13 millivolts, the suspension is no longer stable. 6. The critical potential for the stability of suspensions of collodion particles coated with genuine egg albumin is the same as that for particles of boiled (denatured) white of egg. Since through the process of heating, egg albumin loses its solubility in water, it is inferred that egg albumin undergoes the same change when it forms a film around a solid particle like collodion. 7. The influence of electrolytes on the stability of suspensions of collodion particles coated with casein or edestin was similar to that of collodion particles coated with egg albumin. The experiments are, however, complicated by the fact that near the isoelectric point CaCl₂ and even NaCl cause a suspension again at concentrations of about M/2 or 1 M, while still higher concentrations may cause a precipitation again. These latter effects have no connection with double layers, but belong probably in the category of solubility phenomena. 8. These experiments permit us to define more definitely the conditions for a general protective action of colloids. Protective colloids must be capable of forming a durable film on the surface of the suspended particles and the molecules constituting the film must have a higher attraction for the molecules of the solvent than for each other; in other words, they must possess true solubility. Only in this case can they prevent the precipitating action of low concentrations of electrolytes on particles which are kept in suspension solely by the high potentials of an electrical double layer. Thus gelatin films, in which the attraction of the molecules for water is preserved, have a general protective action, while crystalline egg albumin, casein, and edestin, which seem to lose their attraction for water when forming a film, have a protective action only under limited conditions stated in the paper.     

刺激迷走神经向中端对大鼠不同脑区脑啡肽含量的影响

自从1975年(Hughes et al. 1975)发现脑啡肽以来,经多方面研究已认为脑啡肽可能是一种神经递质,它具有多种生理功能(范少光、汤健,1978)。据新近文献报道,脑啡肽与催产素及加压素三者具有共同存在的并存关系(Martin and Voigt。1981)。 已经证明,刺激迷走神经向中端,可引起脑内释放乙酰胆硷,从而促使神经垂体释放压加素和催产素,肾上腺释放肾上腺素(Chang, et al. 1937;1961,1964;吕运明等1965,1977;唐正荣1981)。但是,刺激迷走神经向中端,是否也能引起脑内脑啡肽的释放,迷走神经传入纤维与脑内脑啡肽能神经原之间,是否存有机能上的联系?关于这个     

刺激杏仁基底外侧核对外侧缰核神经元单位放电的影响

用玻璃微电极细胞外记录大鼠外侧缰核(LHN)神经元的单位放电。共记录了110个神经元。其中痛兴奋神经元(LHPE)75个;痛抑制神经元(LHPI)11个;广动力型神经元2个;无反应神经元17个;此外还有5个对躯体与内脏伤害性刺激反应不同的神经元。电刺激杏仁基底外侧核(以下简称杏仁核,AMG)对LHPE和LHPI的自发放电主要产生抑制作用,分别占总数的81.1％和72.7％,并抑制其对伤害性刺激的反应;对无反应神经元和广动力型神经元无明显影响。AMG内微量注射吗啡能抑制LHPE的伤害性刺激反应,但对其自发放电无明显影响。微量注射纳洛酮则可增加LHPE的自发放电频率,并加强其对伤害性刺激的反应。注射纳洛酮还可以取消电针对LHPE的伤害性刺激反应的抑制作用。     

细胞壁缺陷细菌生物氧化特性的观察

The L-forms were induced from Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Bacdtos cereus by β-lactam anhbiohcs and then observahons on the proPenies of oxygen requlrement sugar fermentahon and sensihve tO cyanide of the Lforms were done. The resultS were shown that the Lforms derived from the obligate aerobe or the faCultative anaerobe did not ferment sugars and were highly oxygendePendent and more sensihve tD cyedde than their Parent bacteria The metabolic achvihes which were same as the Parent bacteria of …