食品级槲皮素粉对机体最大摄氧量和耐力的影响

为了考察食品级槲皮素粉对机体最大摄氧量和耐力的影响,本研究纳入20名健康的大学生志愿者作为本研究的研究对象。将受试者随机分为A组和B组,每组10名,A组饮用剂量为1 mg/mL的槲皮素饮料,B组饮用安慰剂饮料,每天饮用1 000 m L。饮用7 d后,通过自行车分级运动测试最大摄氧量(VO2max),通过骑行疲劳时间测试耐力,同时检测血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量。然后进行交叉实验并测试VO2max、骑行疲劳时间及抗氧化指标。研究显示,与基线VO2max相比,饮用槲皮素饮料后VO2max显著升高13.21%,而饮用安慰剂饮料后的VO2max与基线无显著差异。与基线骑行疲劳时间相比,饮用槲皮素饮料后骑行疲劳时间显著升高25.15%,而饮用安慰剂饮料后的骑行疲劳时间与基线无显著差异。与基线血清MDA相比,饮用安慰剂饮料后受试者血清MDA显著升高27.15%,而饮用槲皮素饮料可抑制血清MDA的升高。与基线血清SOD和GSH-Px相比,饮用安慰剂饮料后受试者血清SOD和GSH-Px分别降低了20.49%和21.08%,而饮用槲皮素饮料可抑制血清SOD和GSH-Px的降低,表明槲皮素可显著提高骑行运动过程中受试者的VO2max和耐力。本研究初步表明,补充槲皮素可通过降低运动过程中MDA水平来减少脂质过氧化损伤。另外,槲皮素通过抑制运动过程中SOD和GSH-Px的降低来提高机体的抗氧化能力,从而延缓疲劳。     

核因子E2相关因子2基因在低氧运动下的表达及其对机体抗氧化能力的调节作用

核因子E2相关因子2 (nuclear factor E2 related factor 2,Nrf2)基因可调节多种抗氧化酶活性并间接影响抗疲劳和抗氧化能力,而低氧环境有助于运动能力的提升。为了考察低氧运动对Nrf2基因敲除小鼠的抗疲劳和抗氧化能力的影响,本研究将敲除Nrf2基因的小鼠置于模拟海拔3 000 m和5 000 m (氧浓度约为14.4%和11.1%)的环境中进行4周的低氧训练。研究发现,模拟海拔3 000 m的低氧运动显著提高了小鼠的力竭跑台运动时间,并减弱了骨骼肌损伤。而模拟海拔5 000 m的低氧运动未出现上述效果。低氧运动显著上调了Nrf2 mRNA表达以及HIF-1α、SOD1、SOD2、GR、GSH-PX、NQO-1和HO-1蛋白表达。模拟海拔3 000 m的低氧运动降低了机体ROS和MDA水平,而模拟海拔5 000 m的低氧运动提高了机体ROS和MDA水平。本研究表明敲除Nrf2抑制了小鼠体内抗氧化酶活性,并降低了小鼠的身体机能。而适当的低氧运动则可通过上调Nrf2和HIF-1α的表达来间接提高抗氧化酶活性,改善机体的氧化-还原状态,从而提高抗疲劳和抗氧化能力。然而,氧浓度过低则会产生相反的效果。     

低强度激光治疗对游泳大鼠氧化应激和功能恢复的影响

本研究的目的是确定低强度激光疗法(LLLT)联合有氧运动对机体氧化应激和心肺功能恢复的影响。本研究测试了60只SD大鼠,将大鼠随机分为对照组、低强度激光治疗组、运动组和低强度激光治疗+运动组(n=15)。检测了各组大鼠有氧运动训练或低强度激光治疗6周后的最大摄氧量(VO_2max 0.75)和最大运动速度;检测了各组大鼠腓肠肌中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和丙二醛(MDA)水平以及大鼠血清肌酸激酶(CK)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平。研究显示,低强度激光治疗+运动组大鼠的最大摄氧量和最大运动速度均显著高于其他组(p0.05)。低强度激光治疗+运动组的CAT、SOD和GPx活性均显著高于其他组(p0.05),而MDA水平显著低于其他组(p0.05)。低强度激光治疗+运动组的血清CK、AST和ALT水平均显著低于其他组(p0.05)。本研究表明在有氧运动基础上进行低强度激光治疗可有效提高机体的心肺功能,改善抗氧化防御系统,减少脂质过氧化损伤和运动损伤。     

槲皮素对力竭运动后体内脂质过氧化物和抗氧化酶的影响

为了探讨连续10 d摄入槲皮素对力竭运动后体内抗氧化酶与脂质过氧化物的影响,我们选取了50名健康男大学生,采用随机双盲交叉实验法,使其连续摄入10 d槲皮素(Quercetin,QE)(2×500)mg/d,或安慰剂(Placebo,PL)后,进行单次激烈运动(75%VO2 max)至力竭,在运动前与运动后30 min和60 min采集血液,进行生化值分析。数据显示,力竭运动后QE组与PL组男大学生体内抗氧化酶,包括超氧歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)与过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性变化无显著差异(p0.05);另外,体内脂质过氧化物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的浓度,虽然PL组在运动后30 min显著高于运动前(p0.05),但运动后30 min两组间仍未达显著差异(p0.05)。因此短期增补QE对体内抗氧化酶SOD、CAT与脂质过氧化物MDA并无影响。     

双酚A对三角涡虫DjSOD,DjCAT,DjGPx基因及相关酶活性的影响

本试验旨在探讨环境内分泌干扰物双酚A(BPA)对涡虫抗氧化酶(SOD,CAT,GPx)的活性及相关基因表达的影响。采用不同浓度的BPA处理涡虫48 h,然后测定抗氧化酶活性,并应用半定量RT-PCR技术探讨相关基因的变化。在BPA胁迫下,SOD活性呈现上升趋势、CAT活性表现出了先上升后下降的趋势,GPx活性总体上变化不大。随BPA浓度的增加,Dj SOD m RNA表达量上升,并呈现剂量-反应关系,Dj CAT及Dj GPx m RNA表达量也呈现出明显的上调现象,但变化趋势并不同于酶活性。BPA诱导涡虫的氧化应激反应,改变抗氧化酶SOD、CAT基因的转录水平。     

β-丙氨酸摄入干预对下坡跑运动诱发的肌肉损伤的影响

为探究β-丙氨酸摄入干预对下坡跑运动诱发的肌肉损伤的影响,本研究选取16名男性大学生篮球运动员进行随机分组,分别为β-丙氨酸组(n=8)和安慰剂组(n=8),以双盲实验设计进行摄入。β-丙氨酸组每天摄入4.8 gβ-丙氨酸,安慰剂组每天摄入4.8 g纤维素,每天摄取3次(早上,中午,下午),每次服用两颗摄入剂胶囊(每颗剂量800 mg)。持续摄入28 d后,进行30 min强度70%V4 O2max的下坡跑运动,分别于运动前和运动后24～72 h进行肌肉损伤指标与氧化伤害指标的检测。研究发现,运动后72 h,β-丙氨酸组的肌酸激酶水平显著低于安慰剂组;运动后48 h和72 h,丙氨酸组的关节活动角度显著高于安慰剂组;运动前后β-丙氨酸组的丙二醛水平都显著低于安慰剂组。研究数据表明,β-丙氨酸的摄入具有一定的减缓下坡跑运动后肌肉损伤的效果,可降低肌酸激酶,促进关节活动角度的恢复,同时还具有减缓氧化伤害的作用。     

黄河上游环境污染对花背蟾蜍抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

选择黄河上游污染程度较严重的兰州地区和相对无污染的刘家峡地区作为研究样点,比较分析了两地花背蟾蜍（Bufo raddei）肝脏和肾脏中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和GPx活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量。与刘家峡地区相比,兰州地区花背蟾蜍肝脏的SOD活性升高,CAT和GPx活性极显著降低,肾脏GPx活性显著增高,肝脏和肾脏MDA含量明显高于刘家峡。结果表明,黄河上游环境污染使得花背蟾蜍体内氧化胁迫加重,导致其组织脂质过氧化程度升高。     

大蒜素预处理对大鼠大负荷运动后及恢复期血液抗氧化应激能力的影响

探讨大蒜素预处理对大鼠大负荷运动后即刻和12、24 h血液抗氧化应激能力的影响,并分析其可能机制。将成年雄性SD大鼠64只,随机分为安慰剂组(C组)和大蒜素组(D组),D组每日定时经口腔灌胃给予大蒜素30 mg/kg体重,C组给予相同体重比例的安慰剂(蒸馏水)。两周后测定运动前及大负荷运动后即刻、运动后12 h、运动后24 h各4个时相血清谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及总抗氧化能力(TAC)的变化。结果发现D组GSH-Px在运动后即刻、12 h非常显著高于C组(P0.01);GSH、SOD在运动后即刻、12 h显著高于C组(P0.05),MDA变化则与SOD呈相反趋势;TAC在运动后即刻、12 h、24 h三个时相均显著高于C组。提示大蒜素预处理有助于大鼠大负荷运动后血液抗氧化应激能力的恢复。     

葱蝇非滞育、夏滞育和冬滞育蛹体内抗氧化酶活性的比较分析（英文）

【目的】通过测定并比较分析抗氧化酶活性及谷胱甘肽氧化还原状态,探讨葱蝇Delia antiqua非滞育、夏滞育和冬滞育蛹体内抗氧化系统的差异。【方法】取葱蝇非滞育、夏滞育和冬滞育蛹,分别测定铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化性还原型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量及GSH/GSSG比随发育时间的变化;并对各抗氧化因子进行了典型判别分析。【结果】5种抗氧化酶的活性在整个蛹期是动态变化的。与非滞育蛹和夏滞育蛹相比,处于滞育前期的冬滞育蛹具有较高的Cu/Zn-SOD酶活性,但处于夏滞育及冬滞育的维持期和滞育后期的滞育蛹体内Cu/Zn-SOD酶活性则明显低于同一发育时期的非滞育蛹。在整个蛹期,非滞育蛹体内Mn SOD酶活性显著高于夏滞育和冬滞育蛹,而在夏滞育和冬滞育蛹之间则无明显差异。比较两种酶活性则发现同一发育时期的Mn SOD平均酶活性明显高于Cu/Zn-SOD酶活性。在头外翻之前,滞育蛹体内CAT酶活性高于非滞育蛹,但处于滞育维持期和后期的蛹体内CAT酶活性则低于非滞育蛹。无论在非滞育蛹还是滞育蛹中,GPx和GR酶活性变化基本上呈相反的趋势。典型判别分析进一步表明葱蝇蛹体内的抗氧化系统具有发育时期和滞育类型特异性。【结论】非滞育蛹与夏滞育和冬滞育蛹体内的氧化还原状态存在明显差异。滞育前期和滞育后期的蛹体内较高的抗氧化酶活性和较低的GSH/GSSG比提示氧化状态的变化与高的呼吸速率及发育过程密切相关。     

姜黄素通过增加抗氧化能力来减弱运动诱导的氧化应激

为了探讨姜黄素对人体运动诱导氧化应激的影响,本研究选择30名男性受试者进行研究,所有受试者按随机顺序完成3项试验:(1)安慰剂组(Control)、(2)单姜黄素组(仅在运动前,Single)和(3)双姜黄素组(运动前和运动后,Double).受试者在运动前2 h和运动后立即口服100mg姜黄素或安慰剂.受试者在跑步机上以65％的VO2max跑步60 min.在运动前、运动后和运动2 h后收集血样检测氧化应激和抗氧化活性指标.研究显示,摄入姜黄素的受试者运动后的血清d-ROM浓度和血浆TRX-1浓度显著低于运动前(P＜0.05).运动后,摄入姜黄素的受试者的血清BAP浓度显著高于运动前(P＜0.05).运动2 h后,单次摄入姜黄素的受试者的血浆GSH浓度显著高于运动前(P＜0.05).本研究结果表明摄入姜黄素可以通过增加入体的抗氧化能力来减弱运动诱导的氧化应激.     

Comparison of the blood redox status between long-distance and short-distance runners

Exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which may damage a number of cell constituents. Organisms have developed a sophisticated antioxidant system for protection against reactive oxygen species. Our aim was to compare the adaptive responses of antioxidant mechanisms and the blood redox status of two groups of athletes, long-distance and short-distance runners. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity was measured in the serum, while reduced and oxidized glutathione as well as their ratio were determined in blood hemolysates. Serum catalase activity (P<0.001) was found to be three times higher in long-distance compared to short-distance runners (25.4 vs. 8.9 micromol x min(-3) x ml(-1)), whereas the two groups did not differ in the other markers. Catalase activity also correlated significantly with maximal oxygen consumption in long-distance runners. In conclusion, we report here that long-distance and short-distance runners exhibit similar blood redox status judged by several oxidative stress indices, except for the much higher activity of catalase in long-distance runners. This different effect of the two training modules on catalase activity of long-distance runners might be partly due to the high oxygen load imposed during their repeated prolonged exercise bouts.     

Peak blood ammonia and lactate after submaximal, maximal and supramaximal exercise in sprinters and long-distance runners

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the difference in peak blood ammonia concentration between sprinters and long-distance runners in submaximal, maximal and supramaximal exercise. Five sprinters and six long-distance runners performed cycle ergometer exercise at 50% maximal, 75% maximal, maximal and supramaximal heart rates. Blood ammonia and lactate were measured at 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 min after each exercise. Peak blood ammonia concentration at an exercise intensity producing 50% maximal heart rate was found to be significantly higher compared to the basal level in sprinters (P less than 0.01) and in long-distance runners (P less than 0.01). The peak blood ammonia concentration of sprinters was greater in supra-maximal exercise than in maximal exercise (P less than 0.05), while there was no significant difference in long-distance runners. The peak blood ammonia content after supramaximal exercise was higher in sprinters compared with long-distance runners (P less than 0.01). There was a significant relationship between peak blood ammonia and lactate after exercise in sprinters and in long-distance runners. These results suggest that peak blood ammonia concentration after supramaximal exercise may be increased by the recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibres and/or by anaerobic training, and that the processes of blood ammonia and lactate production during exercise may be strongly linked in sprinters and long-distance runners.     

Relationships between Inflammation,Adiponectin, and Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MS) represents a cluster of physiological and anthropometric abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the levels of inflammation, adiponectin, and oxidative stress in subjects with MS. The inclusion criteria for MS, according to the Taiwan Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, were applied to the case group (n = 72). The control group (n = 105) comprised healthy individuals with normal blood biochemical values. The levels of inflammatory markers [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, an oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde), and antioxidant enzymes activities [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were measured. Subjects with MS had significantly higher concentrations of inflammatory markers and lower adiponectin level, and lower antioxidant enzymes activities than the control subjects. The levels of inflammatory markers and adiponectin were significantly correlated with the components of MS. The level of hs-CRP was significantly correlated with the oxidative stress marker. The IL-6 level was significantly correlated with the SOD and GPx activities, and the adiponectin level was significantly correlated with the GPx activity. A higher level of hs-CRP (≥1.00 mg/L), or IL-6 (≥1.50 pg/mL) or a lower level of adiponectin (<7.90 µg/mL) were associated with a significantly greater risk of MS. In conclusion, subjects suffering from MS may have a higher inflammation status and a higher level of oxidative stress. A higher inflammation status was significantly correlated with decreases in the levels of antioxidant enzymes and adiponectin and an increase in the risk of MS.     

Aerobic and anaerobic training effects on the antioxidant enzymes of the blood.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on serum lipid peroxidation levels and on antioxidant enzyme activities. Long distance runners for aerobic training group, and wrestlers for anaerobic training group were chosen. Non-sporting men were used as control group. When the aerobic power was compared; indirect VO2max of long-distance runners were found higher than wrestlers and control group (p<0.001, p<0.001). When lipid peroxidation levels were compared; levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of long distance runners were found to be lower than those in the control group (p<0.05), but similar to those found in wrestlers. Comparison of antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes show that there were no significant difference among the groups in superoxide dismutase enzyme activities, but glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity of long distance runners was higher than that measured in wrestlers (p<0.05). These results suggest that aerobic training increased in erythrocytes GPx activity with a subsequent decrease in plasma TBARS levels but anaerobic training had no effect on this process.     

Seasonal changes in antioxidant defence systems in seminal plasma and fluids of the boar reproductive tract

This study aimed to analyze seasonal variations in the antioxidant defence systems of the seminal plasma and fluids of the cauda epididymis and vesicular glands of the boar. The analyzed antioxidants included superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total L-glutathione (GSH+GSSG). Seasonal changes in total protein content and total antioxidant status (TAS) of the seminal plasma and reproductive fluids were also analyzed. Compared with the spring-summer period, total protein content in the seminal plasma was significantly higher during the autumn-winter period. Among the antioxidants analyzed, only SOD activity showed marked seasonal variations, being significantly higher during the spring-summer period. Likewise, the fluid of the cauda epididymis exhibited greater SOD and CAT activity during the spring-summer period, whereas TAS levels were markedly higher during the autumn-winter period. Neither GPx activity nor total GSH+GSSG content in the cauda epididymal fluid was significantly affected by the seasonal periods. The vesicular gland fluid exhibited an approximately 4-fold greater level of SOD activity during the autumn-winter period, as compared with the spring-summer period. By contrast, greater CAT and GPx activity, and a higher level of total GSH+GSSG were observed in the vesicular gland fluid during the spring-summer period. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that seasonal variations could have varying effects on the antioxidant defence systems in the seminal plasma and fluids of the boar reproductive tract.     

Selenium supplementation and exercise: effect on oxidant stress in overweight adults

Both obesity and acute high‐intensity exercise increase oxidant stress levels. This study investigates whether selenium (Se) supplementation could be a potential effective therapy to reduce obesity‐associated oxidant stress and exercise‐induced oxidant stress. Ten normal‐weight (NW) (22.80 ± 0.41 kg/m²) and ten overweight (OW) healthy subjects (28.00 ± 0.81 kg/m²) were assessed during a randomized double‐blind Se supplementation study (200 µg sodium selenite/day for 3 weeks) with a 3‐week placebo control and inversion of treatment periods. Blood levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant status (TAS), were measured at rest, pre‐, and postexercise (30 min 70% VO₂ max before and after treatment (pretreatment (week 0 and 12) and post‐treatment (week 3 or 15)). At rest, compared to placebo, Se supplementation had no significant effect on LH, SOD, GSH, and TAS levels. However, Se supplementation decreased LH levels in the OW group, immediately postexercise (?0.25 ± 0.12 µmol/l, P = 0.05) compared to placebo treatment. Postexercise, with or without Se supplementation, no changes in TAS, SOD, and GSH levels were observed in both the NW and OW group. This study has highlighted a potential benefit of Se in reducing LH levels postexercise in OW individuals. Given that oxidant stress is a predictor of coronary events, it is imperative to better understand oxidant stress‐related responses to lifestyle factors (in particular “high‐risk” population groups) and potential antioxidant therapy.     

The effect of one year's swimming exercise on oxidant stress and antioxidant capacity in aged rats

The effect of exercise on oxidant stress and on alterations in antioxidant defense in elderly has been investigated extensively. However, the impact of regularly performed long-term physical activity starting from adulthood and prolonged up to the old age is not yet clear. We have investigated the changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) - and lipid peroxidation in various tissues of rats which had performed (old-trained) or had not performed (old-control) regular swimming exercise for one year. These animals were compared with young-sedentary rats. Increased lipid peroxidation was observed with ageing in all tissues (heart, liver, kidney, striated muscle) and swimming had no additional effect on this elevation of lipid peroxidation. Heart and striated muscle SOD activites, and striated muscle CAT activity increased as a consequence of ageing, whereas kidney and liver CAT activities, as well as GPx activities in kidney, liver, lung and heart were significantly decreased compared to young controls. Lung and heart SOD, liver CAT activities as well as GPx activities in liver, lung and heart were increased significantly in rats which performed exercise during ageing, compared to the old-control group. These findings suggest that lifelong exercise can improve the antioxidant defense in many tissues without constituting any additional oxidant stress.     

Antioxidant levels from different Antarctic fish caught around South Georgia Island and Shag Rocks

Antarctic fish have been isolated for over several million years in an environment with a very low and constant temperature and high oxygen concentration. In such conditions the oxidative stress might be an important factor affecting their metabolic adaptive strategies. Activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin E levels and total antioxidant capacity (TRAP) were measured in liver, gill, heart and muscle homogenates of red-blooded (Nototheniidae) and white-blooded (Channichthyidae) Antarctic fish. SOD activity was also measured in blood samples. Gill SOD activity was threefold higher in channichthyids than in nototheniids while CAT and GPx were significantly higher in the gills of channichthyids. The increased SOD activity of channichthyids probably reflects the large PO₂ gradient across their gills. The H₂O₂ produced seems to be preferentially eliminated by diffusion, according to the low levels of CAT and GPx found in the gills of these species. In contrast, blood SOD was about fivefold higher in the latter group, which possesses erythrocytes and thus a much higher oxygen-carrying capacity. CAT activity was always higher in nototheniids except in muscle. However, vitamin E did not show clear differences between families except for the pattern observed in muscle. The higher content of vitamin E in this tissue shown in channichthyids is related to the higher volume density of mitochondria reported for this group, since vitamin E is responsible for preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Accordingly, TRAP (representative of hydrosoluble antioxidant capacity) was also higher in muscle of channichthyids. This is probably related to the role of ascorbic (a hydrosoluble compound) acid in regenerating vitamin E. Accepted: 4 September 1999