杜仲不同采收期及不同部位中桃叶珊瑚苷的含量测定

以高效液相色谱法,测定杜仲不同采收期及不同部位中桃叶珊瑚苷的含量。结果发现4~9月采集的样品中桃叶珊瑚苷的含量以4月份最高,以后逐渐降低。杜仲各部位桃叶珊瑚苷含量:内皮>叶>枝>栓皮,内皮中的含量明显高于其他部位。     

荔枝草花的形态发生

在体式显微镜系统观察的基础上,对唇形科鼠尾草属植物荔枝草(Salvia plebeiaR.Br.)的花发育过程进行了扫描电镜观察.发现荔枝草的轮伞花序由多数交互对生的聚伞花序单位组成,花器官发育形式为向心式\",各部分花器官从外向内依次形成;共形成4个雄蕊原基,其中2个雄蕊原基在形成后不再发育,另2个雄蕊原基每个均发育出1可育药室和1不育药室,不育药室膨大连接,并在花成熟之前参与组成特殊杠杆结构;子房四深裂\"的形成实际是由4个原基分别发育,而后相互靠拢而成.     

不同采收期东北铁线莲药材中灵仙新苷的含量变化研究

目的:考察不同采收期东北铁线莲药材中灵仙新苷(Clematichinenoside AR)含量,研究其动态含量变化和最佳采收期.方法:采用色谱柱Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱,流动相:乙腈-水溶液梯度洗脱程序,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长203 nm,柱温:30℃.结果:灵仙新苷以8月下旬到9月中旬的含量最高.结论:东北铁线莲药材的最佳采收期为8月下旬到9月中旬.     

荔枝草中一个新的倍半萜

为了研究荔枝草全草中的倍半萜类化学成分,该文运用大孔吸附树脂D101、MCI、硅胶和反相HPLC等色谱技术对其进行分离纯化,根据HR-ESI-MS、NMR波谱数据鉴定了化合物的结构。结果表明:从荔枝草全草95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到3个桉叶烷型倍半萜类化合物,分别鉴定为8-ethoxy-eudebeiolide B(1)、salplebeone D(2)、salplebeone A(3)。其中,化合物1为新化合物。     

不同采收期辽东楤木叶的功能成分及其抗氧化活性

为给辽东楤木（Aralia elata）适时采收提供理论依据,以栽培型辽东楤木为试验材料,分析了辽东楤木叶在不同采收时期（S1时期,2023年4月10日;S2时期,2023年4月30日;S3时期,2023年5月20日;S4时期,2023年6月9日）的生物量、光合色素含量、总酚和总黄酮含量、抗氧化能力。同时,建立了高效液相色谱（HPLC）的检测方法,测定辽东楤木皂苷A、辽东楤木皂苷V、辽东楤木皂苷X的含量,并且基于高效液相色谱-质谱代谢组学技术,对比分析了不同采收期辽东楤木在次生代谢产物上的差异。结果表明：（1）辽东楤木叶鲜质量、干质量、光合色素含量均随着生长而增加,在S4时期达到最大值;（2）总酚和总黄酮含量在S1时期达到最大值（1.36 mg·g^-1、29.38 mg·g^-1）;（3）S1时期DPPH自由基清除能力最强（IC₅₀为0.262 g·L^-1）,S2时期ABTS自由基清除能力最强（IC₅₀为0.511 g·L^-1）;（4）辽东楤木皂苷A的含量在S4时期达到最大值,为12.90 mg·g^-1,辽东楤木皂苷V和辽东楤木皂苷X在S2时期的含量显著高于其他时期,分别为1.53、3.30 mg·g^-1;（5）共鉴定了24种酚类代谢物,4个时期的酚类化合物总量分别为64.84、119.31、101.95、89.32 mg·g^-1,其中C6C1骨架化合物（原儿茶酸、龙胆酸）,C6C3C6骨架化合物（芦丁）,C6C3骨架化合物（咖啡酸）在S2时期显著积累。综上所述,综合考虑功能成分含量、抗氧化活性和食用性认为,S2时期为最适宜的采收时间。     

不同采收期宁夏枸杞叶中总黄酮含量的比较

宁夏枸杞（Lycium barbarum L．）的果实为常用的传统中药,其有效成分主要为黄酮类化合物。研究发现,黄酮类成分具有止咳、平喘、祛痰之功效,并能扩张冠状动脉及降低血胆固醇,有增强心脏收缩、减少心脏搏动数及明显的抗氧化等作用。有研究表明,枸杞干叶中黄酮含量高于枸杞干果。因而,作者对不同采收时期青海产宁夏枸杞叶中总黄酮含量进行了测定和比较,以期为扩大黄酮类成分的药源及确定枸杞叶的最佳采收期提供一定的参考依据。     

不同生境下假臭草生长特征分析

通过测定庄稼地、弃耕地、桉树林、公路边4种生境下假臭草叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)、LDMC和株高等形态特征、植株各构件生物量及生物量分配比和假臭草种群盖度、密度等种群数量性状,研究不同生境类型下假臭草个体的形态特征、生物量及生物量分配和种群生长状况的差异。结果表明:光照和土壤养分对假臭草的形态特征、生物量及生物量分配和种群数量性状的影响显著;低光照、高土壤养分生境下假臭草的LA、SLA、株高较高,假臭草叶片的LDMC较小,植株的花序数较少,生物量主要向叶和茎器官进行分配,根和花果器官的生物量分配则受到限制;高光照、养分贫瘠生境下假臭草的LA、SLA、株高较低,假臭草叶片的LDMC较大,生物量主要向根和花果器官进行分配,种群的盖度、密度、生物量和高度等种群数量性状较低,种群生长状况较差;高光照、肥沃养分生境为假臭草的最适生境,假臭草构件的资源配置较为优化,株高、基径粗、冠宽和花序数等形态指标较大,种群盖度、密度、生物量等种群数量性状较大,种群生长较好。     

不同品种荔枝对荔枝蒂蛀虫引诱活性成分的研究

首次采用顶空单滴液相微萃取(HS-SDME)结合气质联用(GC-MS)法,对比分析对荔枝蒂蛀虫具有不同引诱力的4个品种荔枝(妃子笑＞黑叶＞糯米糍＞桂味)成熟果实的果皮、幼果的挥发性物质.结果表明:挥发物组成和含量在不同荔枝品种间、同一品种荔枝不同组织间差异显著.2-乙基-1-己醇、α-姜黄烯、姜烯、β-甜没药烯、β-倍半水芹烯及β-杜松烯等6个物质主要存在于易感虫荔枝品种中,(E)-β-金合欢烯与(Z)-β-金合欢烯只存在于妃子笑成熟果实的果皮中,故初步推测这8个化合物按照一定比例复配组合后的混合物,可能是荔枝吸引荔枝蒂蛀虫的活性物质.     

外来入侵植物假臭草的黄酮类成分研究

从外来入侵植物假臭草的70%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到5个黄酮化合物,利用波谱方法鉴定为5,6,7,4′-四甲氧基黄酮(1),7-羟基-5,6,4′-三甲氧基黄酮(2),4′-羟基-5,6,7-三甲氧基黄酮(3),5,4′-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄酮(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-6-甲氧基黄酮(5).化合物1～5均首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Molecular cloning and anti-invasive activity of cathepsin L propeptide-like protein from Calotropis procera R. Br. against cancer cells

Cathepsin L of cancer cells has been shown to play an important role in degradation of extracellular matrix for metastasis. In order to reduce cell invasion, cathepsin L propeptide-like proteins which are classified as the I29 family in the MEROPS peptidase database were characterized from Calotropis procera R. Br., rich in cysteine protease. Of 19 candidates, the cloned and expressed recombinant SnuCalCp03-propeptide (rSnuCalCp03-propeptide) showed a low nanomolar K_i value of 2.3?±?0.2?nM against cathepsin L. A significant inhibition of tumor cell invasion was observed with H1975, HT29, MDA-BM-231, PANC1, and PC3 with a 76, 67, 67, 63, and 79% reduction, respectively, in invasion observed in the presence of 400?nM of the rSnuCalCp03-propeptide. In addition, thermal and pH study showed rSnuCalCp03-propeptide consisting of secondary structures was stable at a broad range of temperatures (30–70?°C) and pH (2–10, except for 5 which is close to the isoelectric point of 5.2).     

甘薯属耐盐植物马鞍藤基因组大小及特征分析

马鞍藤(Ipomoea pes-caprae(L.)R. Br.)是甘薯的近缘野生种之一,为热带、亚热带海滩生长的多年生藤蔓植物,作为沿海地区的园林绿化植物之一,具有较强的耐盐性。马鞍藤基因组学的研究可为耐盐甘薯种质创制提供信息参考。本试验调查了马鞍藤基因组大小和特征概况,为后续全基因组精细图谱绘制打下基础。研究以已知基因组大小的三裂叶薯(Ipomoea triloba L.)为对照,运用流式细胞术对马鞍藤基因组大小进行初步预估;使用二代高通量测序技术(Illumina Hiseq2500)对马鞍藤基因组进行survey评估,测序深度30×,利用生物信息学方法估算马鞍藤GC含量(即鸟嘌呤和胞嘧啶所占比例)、杂合率、重复序列等基因组概况。结果表明:流式细胞术估算马鞍藤基因组大小为1012.704±17.37 Mb;经全基因组Survey测定获得马鞍藤有效数据为21.71 Gb,基因组大小经修正后估算为1041.65 Mbp;通过K-mer分布曲线估算马鞍藤基因组中重复序列所占比率为74.52%,杂合率为0.99%;经初步组装后,GC平均深度及含量分布存在异常,出现分层的现象,这可能与马鞍藤基因组杂合率较高有关。本试验首次报导甘薯属耐盐植物马鞍藤基因组大小及特征信息,为马鞍藤进一步的全基因组深度测序和甘薯耐盐基因挖掘打下基础。     

Tissue culture and plant regeneration from immature embryo explants of Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R. Br.

Callus cultures were established from immature embryos of Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R. Br. on a modified basal medium of Murashige & Skoog supplemented with 1 mgl^-1 2,4-D. In addition to 0.1 mgl^-1 of NAA the optimal BAP concentration for promoting shoot bud formation and growth was 2 mgl^-1. Rooting was induced when shoots were transferred to auxin-supplemented Bonner's solution or half-strength MS basal salt solutions.Abbreviations NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - IBA indole-butyric acid - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - Kin kinetin     

夏枯草采收时期对果穗与种子质量影响的研究

目的:研究夏枯草果穗不同采收时间对其熊果酸含量、种子千粒重和发芽率的影响,以确定适宜的采收期。方法:以果穗成熟度(发黄程度)为采收指标,分6个采收期,分别测定其果穗熊果酸含量、种子千粒重与发芽率,并进行对比。结果:采收期对夏枯草果穗与种子质量存在明显的影响,熊果酸含量、种子千粒重和发芽率均随果穗成熟度的增加而提高,至果穗全黄时达最大值。果穗全黄7 d后采收,熊果酸含量下降明显;千粒重与发芽率无明显变化。结论:夏枯草果穗应在果穗全黄后及时采收。     

伏毛铁棒锤不同器官生物碱含量动态变化研究

采用紫外分光光度法,对宁夏六盘山地区不同海拔、不同月份、野生和人工栽培的伏毛铁棒锤总生物碱含量进行分析.结果显示:(1)总生物碱在伏毛铁棒锤各器官中均有分布,其中以块根中含量最高(9.07±0.92 mg/g),叶的含量(3.2±1.7 mg/g)最低.(2)块根中的总生物碱含量随生长发育期的变化而不同,其中:6～11月份块根中总生物碱含量随生长期延长而逐渐升高,10月份块根含量达最高(9.07±0.92 mg/g).(3)在同一地区,总生物碱含量随海拔高度的升高而增加,在海拔高度为2 800 m时块根中含量达到10.04±0.51 mg/g,其他器官中总生物碱的含量变化基本相似.(4)在相同海拔高度下,野生伏毛铁棒锤总生物碱含量略高于人工栽培的,但差异不显著(P>0.05).研究表明,人工栽培的伏毛铁棒锤块根可以替代野生种做为药用,且在六盘山区人工种植的块根最佳采收期为10月,在选择人工种植区应考虑选择较高的海拔地区.     

红松林不同演替阶段夏季鸟类群落研究

红松林不同演替阶段夏季鸟类群落研究常家传鲁长虎刘伯文许青（东北林业大学,哈尔滨１５００４０）ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅＢｉｒｄｓＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｎＤｉｆｅｒｅｎｔＳｕｃｃｅｓｉｏｎＰｅｒｉｏｄｏｆＫｏｒｅａｎＰｉｎｅＦｏｒｅｓｔ．Ｃｈ...     

五倍子对铜绿假单胞菌R质粒消除作用的实验研究

探讨中药五倍子提取液对铜绿假单胞菌R质粒的消除作用。对老年呼吸系统感染患者痰中分离的铜绿假单胞菌R质粒进行了检测 ,并选用中药五倍子提取液对该质粒进行了体外体内消除试验。结果可见 ,体外药物作用 2 4 ,4 8,72hR质粒消除率分别为 0 ,10 .2 % ,3.4 % ,SDS对照组分别为 0 ,0 .8% ,1.6 %。体内药物作用 2 4 ,4 8,72h ,R质粒消除率分别为 0 ,2 % ,13.6 % ,对照组均为 0。可见 ,中药五倍子提取液对铜绿假单胞菌R质粒在体外、体内均具有消除作用 ,体内消除作用强于体外。     

The effect of the release of an artificial discharge of water on invertebrate drift in the R. Wye,Wales

An artificial discharge of water (3.0 m³/sec), over a 48 h period, from an impoundment into the R. Wye did not substantially affect water temperature or concentrations of dissolved oxygen and suspended solids at a site 16 km below the impoundment. However, the load of suspended material on the second day of the release was about 10 times greater than the pre-release load. The total number of drifting macroinvertebrates on the first and second days of the release were about 7 and 3 times greater than the number on the day preceding the release. The initial increase in flow at 15.00 h resulted in an immediate increase in the number of drifting larvae of Rheotanytarsus, a tubicolous chironomid. Subsequently there was an enhanced night-time increase in the total number of drifting invertebrates, particularly the mayfly, Ephemerella ignita (Poda), and this also occurred on the second night of the release. Increases in the number of drifting Rheotanytarsus and Ephemerella, the most abundant invertebrates, resulted in increase in drift density.Authors' address Llysdinam Field Centre, UWIST, Newbridge-on-Wye, Llandrindod Wells, Powys, Wales.     

Relationship between the "phospholipid effect" and calcium in the thyroid. I. - Effects of calcium ions, E.G.T.A., ionophore A 23187, verapamil and chlorpromazine on resting and stimulate thyroid slices.

The "phospholipid effect" which is the enhanced turnover of the phosphorylinositol group of phosphatidylinositol (PI) occurs in the thyroid of response to thyreostimulin (TSH). The possibility that Ca2+ ions are involved in this stimulation has been investigated with pig thyroid slices. Experiments performed in media without Ca2+ or containing E.G.T.A. (2 mM), indicate that it is not the extracellular Ca2+ which is implied, but rather the intracellular Ca2+. The ionophore A23187 (6.10(-6) M) increases the specific radioactivity of the acid soluble precursors, but has also a specific effect on the PI turnover, which is additive with the effect of a high concentration of TSH (50 mU/ml). Washing and loading of slices with various Ca2+ concentrations show that 0.9 mM restores the TSH phospholipid effect. Verapamil (10(-3) M) and Chlorpromazine (10(-3) M) redirect glycerolipid metabolism by increasing PI and phosphatidic acid (PA) synthesis at the expense of other glycerolipids, as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). These results suggest that the "phospholipid effect" is not a result of Ca2+ entry into the thyroid cells. On the contrary, it seems that this increased turnover of PI in "long term" incubations (3 hr). An additive and acute effect of TSH effect is more pronounced when Ca2+ movements     

Release of the "ammonia effect" on three catabolic enzymes by NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenaseless mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mutations which inactivate the NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase (anabolic GDHase) pleiotropically release the ammonia inhibition (NH₄⁺ effect) on a number of distinct catabolic activities. In addition to releasing inhibition on several permeability functions (1), these mutations suppress the NH₄⁺ effect on the synthesis of arginase, urea amidolyase and allantoinase. They do not affect the NH₄⁺ effect on the NAD-glutamate dehydrogenase.Two mechanisms of action of these mutations have to be considered, namely a modification of the process of $\text{induction}$ (such as removal of inducer exclusion) and a suppression of $\text{nitrogen catabolite repression}$.