云南元谋班果盆地剑齿象属一新种

1972年8月,云南省博物馆张兴永同志来信告知,在元谋县班果盆地大班果村附近发现了一个象齿。这件事引起了我们的注意。因为截至1971年底为止,在元谋地区(包括元谋盆地和班果盆地)发现的长鼻类化石,已达6种之多,其中的班果古剑齿象(Stego-lophodon banguoensis sp.nov.)就是在班果盆地发现的。为了和这一地区的其他长鼻类化石进行对比,进一步了解该地区动物群面貌,我们去信要求借用该标本。承他们盛情,即将标本寄来古脊椎动物与古人类研究所。经我们初步观察,认为它代表剑齿象属的一个新种。同年11月,古脊椎动物与古人类研究所新生代室部分同志在班果盆地踏勘时,从社员手中收集到一个相当完整的象齿,并到上述两个标本的产地进行观察。以上两个象齿应属同一种,因它在地层、古生物学上有一定意义,故一并记述如下:     

云南禄丰盆地上新世的象类化石

本文记述了在云南禄丰盆地下上新统石灰坝组下部和中部两个三趾马化石层中发现的象类化石,包括四棱象属一未定种、轭齿象属一新种和嵌齿象属一未定种,它们都是云南地区早上新世腊玛古猿—三趾马动物群中的重要成员,在生物学和地层学上有一定的意义。     

泥河湾盆地发现短喙象化石

本文记述泥河湾盆地河北蔚县两个地点发现的化石,它们被鉴定为短喙象类的?Anancus和Pentalopodon两个属。     

广西石炭兽科新材料

本文记述了产自广西南宁盆地中部长岭坡(村)竹排冲岸边的石炭兽一新种:长岭石炭兽(Anthracotherium changlingensis sp. nov.)这是我国目前发现的体型最大的石炭兽。通过对化石的记述和对比,证明我国有Anthracotherium这一属的存在,并确定了南宁盆地邕宁组上段(即上含煤段)的地质时代为晚渐新世。文中还记述了百色盆地发现的两件石炭兽牙齿化石。     

山东蒙阴盆地常路组二段(古新世——早始新世)介形类化石

本文记述了2011年采自山东蒙阴盆地常路组二段的介形类化石共计6属10种4未定种,可建立一个Metacypris-Paracandona-Cyclocypris-Candona-Candoniella组合。根据介形类化石与国内已知化石组合对比研究,常路组二段的时代大致为古新世——早始新世。     

元谋人是现知最早人类

关于元谋人的生存年代,近年来成了学术界争论的一个问题.元谋人是1965年5月,地质工作者在云南省元谋盆地进行地质调查时,发现的两枚早期直立人的牙齿化石,揭示了元谋盆地古人类与古文化等一系列重要发现的序幕.不久前,我国各有关方面专家会聚云南,对这一问题进行了深入探讨,确认元谋人生存在距今170万年以前,是我国至今所发现的最早     

内蒙古银根-额济纳旗盆地白垩纪轮藻化石

本文记述了内蒙古银根一额济纳旗盆地8口钻井的白垩纪轮藻化石,建立两个轮藻化石组合：Mesochara stipitata-Clypeator jiuquanensis-Flabellochara hebeiensis组合,分布于巴音戈壁组与苏红图组,地质时代为Barremian期;Aclistochara mundula-Mesochara voluta组合产于银根组,地质时代为Aptian-Albian期。     

青海贵德、共和两盆地晚新生代哺乳动物

本文记述了青海省贵德及共和两盆地的几个含晚新生代哺乳动物化石地点的地层剖面及采自18个地点的26种(代表20个属)哺乳动物化石.对其中的 Myospalax arvicolinus, Microtus, Anancus, Leptobos crassus gonghenensis subsp. nov., L. vallisarni, Bison (Superbison) crassicornis, Boopsis breviceps作了较详细的描述和讨论.通过对动物群的分析初步确定了盆地主要堆积物的时代——贵德盆地:上新世—早更新世;共和盆地:早—中更新世,并简略探讨了两盆地的发育历史.     

关于元谋人的地质时代问题——与刘东生等同志商榷

通过对元谋组进一步研究,同时综合地层、古生物化石、磁性地层、元谋人牙齿化石及新构造运动等方面材料,对元谋组时代进行了探讨,证明元谋组时代为早更新世。 元谋人化石产于元谋组的第四段25层中。地层层次清晰,没有紊乱,磁性地层重新研究得出第四段的磁极性相当松山反向期中的奥都维事件附近,元谋人的年代仍为距今170万年左右,而不是刘东生等认为的50—60万年。     

“东方人”时代的质疑

自发表元谋北部小河等地400万年的蝴蝶腊玛古猿和200万年的“东方人”化石以来,引起国内外人类学和地质古生物学界的极大兴趣。笔者有幸参加云南省主持的“人类起源研究”课题,负责元谋盆地古猿和“东方人”伴生动物化石的研究工作,曾几次前往产地进行地质考察,着重对其层位的调查和化石的系统采集,再次得出产“东方人”化石的竹棚村豹子洞箐地层层位与产“蝴蝶腊玛”古猿化石层相当的结论。从部分哺乳动物化石初步观察,其时代可能为稍晚于禄丰古猿时代(最晚中新世)的早(中)上新世。1987年6月,“云南地质”发表江能人等的一篇     

Human origins in Asia?

New Pliocene hominoid fossils have recently been unearthed from Yuanmou county of central Yunnan province, southwestern China. This paper will provide free translation of the original chinese publications in which two new species of hominoid, a ramapithecine and a hominid were described and their associated faunas and stratigraphy. Comments on the taxonomic assignment of these fossils are presented as concluding remarks.     

The micromammalian fauna from the Leilao, Yuanmou hominoid locality: implications for biochronology and paleoecology

The discovery of Lufengpithecus at Yuanmou, in Yunnan Province, China, provides important clues to understanding the evolution of early hominoids in eastern Asia. However, the age and paleoecology of the fauna remain to be established. An assemblage of micromammalian fossils, collected recently by screenwashing at Leilao, one of the hominoid-bearing localities at Yuanmou, contains 41 species belonging to 16 families and 4 orders, and represents the most diverse Neogene micromammalian fauna known from southwestern China. This paper presents an analysis of the taxonomy, age, and paleoecology of the micromammalian fauna. The Yuanmou hominoid fauna is now considered older than the Lufeng fauna, and is currently thought to correspond to an age of about 9 Ma. The micromammalian fauna indicates a predominantly forested habitat, with marginal environments consisting of bush-grassland.     

Paleomagnetic dates of hominid remains from Yuanmou,China, and other Asian sites

Two hominid upper central incisors found in the Yuanmou Basin in southwest China in 1965 have affinities with Homo erectus fossils from Zhoukoudian, but exhibit primitive features. The Yuanmou hominid remains are alleged to be coeval with or older than African specimens dated at about 1.8 m.y.a. Recent age refinements of geomagnetic short reversal events and excursions permit assigning the Yuanmou hominid-bearing bed to the early Brunhes chron (about 0.7 m.y.a.). Magnetochronological assessments confirm that the Lantian calotte which has been dated to about 1.2 m.y.a., is the oldest reliable evidence for the emergence of Homo in eastern Asia as well as China, and that hominid fossils from Sangiran and Mojokerto, Java, do not exceed 1.1 Ma in age. These results refute the view that the genus Homo migrated into eastern Asia in the late Pliocene or the earliest Pleistocene.     

元谋新第三纪食肉动物化石的初步观察

本文对云南元谋盆地产古猿化石地点的部分食肉类化石进行了初步观察分类,认为它们的时代似应稍晚于禄丰,相当上新世早期,估计距今5-6百万年.     

云南元谋古猿生活时期自然环境的讨论

元谋古猿生活时期的自然环境是森林草原或疏林-草原,还是茂密的森林? 气候是凉干还是温暖潮湿? 本文试图从云南6个最具代表性中新世沉积盆地取得的丰富植物大化石和孢粉资料分析, 论证了中新世时期云南曾广泛分布热带或亚热带常绿阔叶林或落叶阔叶和常绿阔叶混交林。气候温暖湿润。至中新世最晚期, 落叶阔叶林和针叶林分布面积扩大, 气候变得凉干。与元谋古猿相邻的禄丰古猿生活时期及其前后正是经历了相同的环境变迁过程。由此推论元谋古猿生活时期的自然环境为茂密的森林, 气候温暖湿润。最后, 就《元谋古猿》专著对古猿生活时期的自然环境分析存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Preliminary investigation of dental microstructure in the Yuanmou hominoid (Lufengpithecus hudienensis), Yunnan Province,China

Fieldwork in the Yuanmou Basin of southern China has uncovered a large assemblage of late Miocene hominoid fossils assigned to Lufengpithecus hudienensis. Two mandibular first molars from this species were made available for histological analysis as part of a larger ongoing study on the ontogeny of dental development in Miocene to Recent hominoids. Results are compared with published and unpublished data on tooth growth in a wide range of extant and extinct hominoids. The Yuanmou molars are smaller than those of Lufengpithecus lufengensis and have markedly shorter crown formation times, overlapping slightly with Pan, but most similar to Proconsul and Dryopithecus. In other aspects of molar development (including enamel extension rates and enamel thickness), L. hudienensis shows similarities with all extant hominoids, in particular, Pongo. Ultimately, charting the ontogeny of molar crown formation may help shed light on the relationship of Lufengpithecus hudienensis to orangutans, and other Miocene to Recent hominoids.     

滇西北丽江盆地中更新世哺乳动物化石新材料

本文简记了滇西北丽江盆地的中更新世哺乳动物化石新材料.化石产自东元桥村南东元桥组的河流相灰黄、灰色砂层和砂砾层中,计有8属10种,即Megantereon sp.、Equussp.、Dicerorhinus sp.、Cervavitus ultimus、cf.Axis rugosus、cf.Axis yunnanensis、Rusayunnanensis、Rusa sp.、Muntiacus sp.、Bos sp..动物群中的一些属种出现于元谋盆地“元谋人”动物群中,表现出两地动物群的相似性,这为“元谋人” 时代的确定可能提供新资料.     

Récentes découvertes de restes d'Hominidés fossiles en Chine du Sud

After the discovery of the controversial hominids and artefacts at the Longgupo site, three Early Pleistocene sites in the southern valleys of the Changjiang (Yangtze) were excavated from 1998 to 2000 in order to test the hypothesis that the hominids exist in China before 2 Ma. Three cheek teeth of Meganthropus palaeojavanicus, more than six hundreds pieces of artefacts of Mode 1 technology and thousands pieces of mammal fossils of Villafranchian age were unearthed in situ at the Longgudong Site in Hubei Province. More than 120 pieces of artefacts of Mode 1 technology and seven thousands pieces of mammal fossils of Villafranchian age were unearthed in situ at the Renzidong Site in Anhui Province. Although no new materials of hominids and artefacts were unearthed at the Yuanmou Man Site at Danawu in Yunnan Province, new materials of mammalian fauna confirm the horizon yielding the Yuanmou Man fossils is of the Early Pleistocene. These new discoveries imply that the appearance of hominids in China is very likely before 2 Ma. If the new report of 3 Ma artefact from Yuxian of the Nihewan Basin in northern China can be confirmed, it will be a strong support for the Continuity Theory.     

Monsoon versus uplift in southwestern China--Late Pliocene climate in Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan

Yuanmou Basin of Yunnan, SW China, is a famous locality with hominids, hominoids, mammals and plant fossils. Based on the published megaflora and palynoflora data from Yuanmou Basin, the climate of Late Pliocene is reconstructed using the Coexistence Approach. The results indicate a warm and humid subtropical climate with a mean annual temperature of ca. 16-17°C and a mean annual precipitation of ca. 1500-1600 mm in the Late Pliocene rather than a dry, hot climate today, which may be due to the local tectonic change and gradual intensification of India monsoon. The comparison of Late Pliocene climate in Eryuan, Yangyi, Longling, and Yuanmou Basin of Yunnan Province suggests that the mean annual temperatures generally show a latitudinal gradient and fit well with their geographic position, while the mean annual precipitations seem to be related to the different geometries of the valleys under the same monsoon system.     

1981年发现的安徽和县猿人化石

本文记述1981年在安徽和县发现的人的五枚牙齿化石、额骨眶上部残片及顶骨残片一块。研究表明,大多数形态特征与北京猿人非常相似,但也有较北京猿人进步的特征。和县猿人无疑地属直立人(Homo erectus),和县猿人的门齿与元谋猿人的门齿,在形态特征上存在较大的差别。