台湾天牛新种林氏直脊天牛描述(鞘翅目,天牛科,沟胫天牛亚科,楔天牛族)

描述了台湾天牛新种林氏直脊天牛,给出了成虫整体彩色照片和外生殖器照片,并提供了生态照片.正模标本保存在台湾国立自然科学博物馆,副模标本分批保存在中国科学院动物研究所及数个私人收藏馆.     

中国楔天牛族二新种(鞘翅目:天牛科:沟胫天牛亚科)

记述了沟胫天牛亚科楔天牛族2新种,即黑斑双脊天牛Paraglenea nigromaculata sp.nov。和黑缘并脊天牛Glenea nigromarginella sp.nov。,新种模式标本保存在西南农业大学植保系昆虫标本馆。     

楔天牛属7种雄性外生殖器特征比较研究

本文研究了检疫截获的楔天牛属7种楔天牛八点楔天牛、白桦楔天牛、斑点楔天牛、柳楔天牛、青杨楔天牛、山杨楔天牛、十星楔天牛雄性外生殖器的形态结构,并提供其解剖图。研究表明,楔天牛属雄性外生殖器由阳茎基、中茎和内囊3部分组成。阳茎基的阳基侧突具有相对遗传稳定性,且在属内均成近似矩形,并首次测量了7种楔天牛的成虫雄性外生殖器阳基侧突的长宽比。得出了雄性外生殖器形态特征在楔天牛属种内差异小、种间差异大,并能用雄性外生殖器特征有效区分楔天牛属近似种的结论。     

警惕外来害虫暗梗天牛入侵为害

暗梗天牛Arhopalus tristis(F.)是一种重要的林业害虫,我国目前尚无分布,但已被我国口岸截获多次,必须对该虫的入侵保持警惕。该虫在新西兰危害严重,主要寄主是辐射松等松树,喜入侵火灾危害后的树木;还传播真菌病害,致使木材变色,降低木材质量。对暗梗天牛的形态特征、分布、寄主、危害特点、生物学特性及预防对策等作了简要介绍。     

油茶新害虫南方锦天牛形态特征和生物学特性研究(英文)

南方锦天牛Acalolepta speciosa属鞘翅目天牛科沟胫天牛亚科锦天牛属昆虫,是近年在油茶Camellia oleifera上新出现的一种蛀干害虫.本文首次对该天牛的形态特征,包括雌雄生殖器结构进行了详细的描述,以期为该虫的鉴定提供可靠的依据,并首次报道了该虫生物学特性.     

云南天牛一新种淑氏并脊天牛描述 (鞘翅目,天牛科,沟胫天牛亚科,楔天牛族)

描述了中国云南省的1天牛新种淑氏并脊天牛Glenea shuteae sp.nov.。对与之最相似的变色并脊天牛G.decolorata Heller,1926进行了补充描述。提供了2个相似种的整体照片及外生殖器图片。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所和英国伦敦自然历史博物馆。淑氏并脊天牛,新种Glenea shuteae sp.nov.(图1～6,16)新种淑氏并脊天牛与变色并脊天牛斑纹相似,但可以通过以下特征区分:雄虫3对足的爪均有且仅有外侧齿的外侧基部具小而尖锐的附齿(图16),而不是单齿式(图17);前胸背板具清晰的纵条纹;雄性外生殖器的阳基侧突正常(图4),没有不对称;腹部第8背板末端更加尖突(图5)。正模♂,云南西双版纳小勐养,海拔850m,1957-06-14,臧令超采(IZAS)。副模:2♂♂,西双版纳勐阿,海拔1050～1080m,1958-06-01,蒲富基采(IZAS);1♀,西双版纳,勐阿,1958-10-01(IZAS);1♂,西双版纳勐遮,海拔870m,1958-07-06,王书永采(IZAS);1♂,西双版纳,景洪市西北37km,纳板河流域国家级自然保护区,勐海县过门山(22°1...     

杨树粒肩天牛的生物学特性

杨树粒肩天牛在福建省2a发生1代;老熟幼虫在第2年4月下旬至5月初开始化蛹,成虫出现期始于5月底6月初,6月中下旬到7月上旬为盛发期,9月上旬只见个别成虫;产卵期始于6月中旬,6月下旬至7月中旬为产卵高峰期;幼虫孵化期为6月下旬到8月中旬,7月上中旬为为盛发期;幼虫不越冬。杨树粒肩天牛成虫为补充营养所取食的树种较集中,主要是构树与桑树。杨树粒肩天牛幼虫对杨树危害严重,但成虫却不喜欢取食杨树,用杨树饲养的粒肩天牛成虫寿命很短,仅3-19d,不产卵;而以桑树为补充营养的雌成虫的平均寿命为55d、雄26.5d;以构树为补充营养的雌成虫的平均寿命为78d、雄45.5d,补充桑树与构树的粒肩天牛成虫均可正常产卵。雌雄成虫一生可多次交尾。雌虫有多次产卵现象,单雌每天产卵数量1-12粒不等。     

中国花天牛亚科一新纪录种——拉维花天牛

记述采自云南和西藏的中国花天牛亚科1新纪录种,拉维花天牛Leptura lavinia Gahan,1906。检视标本保存在广西师范大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。     

观察异型孢子蕨类植物的好材料——槐叶苹

蕨类植物作为孢子植物有同型孢子和异型孢子之分。在实验教学过程中,通常以同型孢子蕨类为代表,而忽略了异型孢子蕨类。槐叶苹是观察异型孢子蕨类植物的一种好材料。以槐叶苹为材料观察异型孢子具有方便采集、容易培养和便于观察的优点,为植物学实验课程的教学材料提供新资料。     

东洋区五种并脊天牛的国家级新记录（鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科：楔天牛族）

报道东洋区五种并脊天牛的一些国家级新记录。常卿并脊天牛Glenea changchini Lin&Lin,2011是越南新记录种;郎氏并脊天牛G.rondoni Breuning,1963是泰国新记录种;窄条并脊天牛G. subregularis Pic,1943是老挝新记录种;拟绿缝并脊天牛G. subviridescens Breuning,1963是中国、越南和泰国新记录种;绿缝并脊天牛G. viridescens Pic,1927是中国和老挝新记录种。提供了相关种类的模式标本照片和新记录证据标本照片。     

Effect of farnesol on Candida dubliniensis morphogenesis

AIMS: Cell-cell signalling in Candida albicans is a known phenomenon and farnesol was identified as a quorum sensing molecule determining the yeast morphology. The aim of this work was to verify if farnesol had a similar effect on Candida dubliniensis, highlighting the effect of farnesol on Candida spp. morphogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two different strains of C. dubliniensis and one of C. albicans were grown both in RPMI 1640 and in serum in the presence of absence of farnesol. At 150 micromol l(-1) farnesol the growth rate of both Candida species was not affected. On the contrary, farnesol inhibited hyphae and pseudohyphae formation in C. dubliniensis. CONCLUSION: Farnesol seems to mediate cell morphology in both Candida species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The effect of farnesol on C. dubliniensis morphology was not reported previously.     

警惕椰子织蛾Opisina arenosella Walker （鳞翅目：织蛾科）传入中国

【背景】椰子织蛾是棕榈植物上的主要害虫。该害虫在印度和斯里兰卡危害严重,现已入侵泰国。【方法】在收集、整理椰子织蛾原产地或已知入侵地的生物学、生态学、地理学等信息的基础上,介绍了椰子织蛾的主要形态特征、寄主、分布、生物特性,并对该有害生物入侵我国的风险及后果进行综合分析。【结果】椰子织蛾幼虫通常为5龄,大多在棕榈植物叶背面为害。卵期约为5 d,幼虫期约为42 d,蛹期约为12 d,成虫产卵约为137粒。从适生性风险角度看,目前椰子织蛾在南亚和东南亚棕榈植物分布区危害严重,我国南方棕榈植物产区具有相似的生物气候,是椰子织蛾潜在的地理分布区;从传入扩散风险角度看,椰子织蛾成虫能够飞翔,且我国与该害虫发生国家特别是东盟国家的贸易日益频繁,加大了该害虫传入我国的可能性;从经济与生态风险角度看,椰子织蛾入侵我国后将危害椰子等棕榈植物,给相关产业带来损失,影响从业人员收入,同时影响本地生态环境,可能导致生态灾害。【结论与意义】椰子织蛾有入侵我国的可能,有效的检疫管理措施是防范其入侵的主要手段。生物防治是治理该害虫的重要措施之一。     

都柏林念珠菌的鉴定及与白念珠菌3种表型鉴别方法的研究

目的 从临床分离的念珠菌中进一步鉴定都柏林念珠菌,并评价3种表型鉴别白念珠菌和都柏林念珠菌的方法.方法 对17株临床分离并初步鉴定的白念珠菌和1株ATCC白念珠菌标准株,采用PHR1同源序列PCR法检测,鉴定出其中的都柏林念珠菌;分别采用45℃生长试验、YEPD(1%酵母浸膏,2%蛋白胨,2%葡萄糖)液基39℃芽管生成试验、Staib琼脂(鸟食琼脂)厚壁孢子形成试验对两种菌的表型特点进行比较.结果 17株临床分离的白念珠菌中有3株鉴定为都柏林念珠菌;45℃时,两种菌在改良沙堡弱琼脂上均无明显生长,YEPD液基中仅有1株白念珠菌生长良好;YEPD液基39℃培养2种菌均无芽管生成;Staib琼脂培养72h,3株都柏林念珠菌中有2株可形成厚壁孢子,而白念珠菌则无,与PHR1同源序列检测结果基本一致.结论 PHR1同源序列检测是鉴别都柏林念珠菌与白念珠菌的可靠方法,Staib琼脂厚壁孢子形成试验有助于鉴别两菌,45℃生长试验和YEPD液基39℃芽管生成试验则不能有效鉴别两菌.     

The effect of denture adhesives on Candida albicans growth in vitro

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00478.x
The effect of denture adhesives on Candida albicans growth in vitro Objective: Denture‐wearing favours the growth of Candida. In view of the fact that many denture wearers regularly use adhesives to enhance denture retention, stability and function, the aim of this work was to study the effect of denture adhesives on Candida albicans growth in vitro. Materials and methods: The denture adhesives tested were Corega^® cream, Kukident^® cream, Novafix^® cream, Polident^® cream, Protefix^® cream, Steradent^® cream, Aderyn^® powder, Corega^® ultra powder, Protefix^® powder and Corega^® strip. C. albicans growth curves were obtained in the presence or absence of a 1% solution of the denture adhesive diluted in Sabouraud broth. Macro‐ and microscopic morphological changes in C. albicans were analysed, as was microbial contamination of the denture adhesive. Results: Most of the denture adhesives studied induced morphological changes in C. albicans cells and colonies, but only two had any significant inhibitory effect on yeast growth. Kukident^® cream markedly inhibited C. albicans growth in a concentration‐dependent way, reducing the growth rate by 95%, whereas Corega^® cream also inhibited C. albicans growth but in a non‐concentration‐dependent way, reducing the growth rate by 37%. In addition, denture adhesives available as powders had detectable microbial contamination. Conclusion: Some commercially available denture adhesives showed microbial contamination and some had significant inhibitory effect on C. albicans growth.     

间接免疫荧光法快速鉴别白念珠菌和都柏林念珠菌的初步研究

目的 用一种新制备的单克隆抗体MAb03．2Cl-C2鉴别生物学形态相近的白念珠菌和都柏林念珠菌。方法 用小鼠体内诱导法制备抗白念珠菌芽管胞壁外膜单克隆抗体MAb03．2Cl-C2。用不完全RPMI1640培养液、L—DMEM、H—DMEM、完全1640液、小牛血清诱导白念珠菌和都柏林念珠菌芽管及菌丝形成,间接免疫荧光（IIF）方法检测都柏林念珠菌芽管或菌丝表面有无可与该单抗相结合的成分。收集临床口腔念珠菌病标本涂片,直接做IIF试验。结果 用不完全RP-MI1640培养液37℃,6h可同时最高效率地诱导白念珠菌和都柏林念珠菌芽管或菌丝形成。单抗MAb03．2Cl-C2仅与白念珠菌芽管或菌丝特异性地结合,与都柏林念珠菌的孢子和菌丝不能结合。结论 单抗MAh03．2Cl-C2可用于白念珠菌和都柏林念珠菌实验室的速鉴别。     

Purification and germination of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis chlamydospores cultured in liquid media

Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis are the only Candida sp. that have been observed to produce chlamydospores. The function of these large, thick-walled cells is currently unknown. In this report, we describe the production and purification of chlamydospores from these species in defined liquid media. Staining with the fluorescent dye FUN-1 indicated that chlamydospores are metabolically active cells, but that metabolic activity is undetectable in chlamydospores that are >30 days old. However, 5–15-day-old chlamydospores could be induced to produce daughter chlamydospores, blastospores, pseudohyphae and true hyphae depending on the incubation conditions used. Chlamydospores that were preinduced to germinate were also observed to escape from murine macrophages following phagocytosis, suggesting that these structures may be viable in vivo . Mycelium-attached and purified chlamydospores rapidly lost their viability in water and when subjected to dry stress, suggesting that they are unlikely to act as long-term storage structures. Instead, our data suggest that chlamydospores represent an alternative specialized form of growth by C. albicans and C. dubliniensis .     

Candida glabrata and Candida albicans; dissimilar tissue tropism and infectivity in a gnotobiotic model of mucosal candidiasis

Germ-free transgenic epsilon 26 (Tgepsilon26) mice, deficient in both natural killer (NK)- and T-cells, were inoculated (orally) with each of two Candida glabrata (BG2 or BG1003) or Candida albicans (CAF2-1 or SC5314) strains. Candida glabrata- or C. albicans-colonized mice exhibited similar numbers of viable Candida in the alimentary tract. Neither C. glabrata nor C. albicans caused systemic candidiasis of endogenous (alimentary tract) origin. Candida albicans invaded oroesophageal (tongue, palate, esophagus) and keratinized gastric tissues, evoked hyperkeratosis and a prominent, chronic, granulocyte-dominated, inflammatory response in all infected tissues, stimulated the production of splenic granulocytes and was lethal for the mice within 3-5 weeks after oral colonization. The two C. glabrata strains colonized the alimentary tract and penetrated into the keratinized (cardia-antrum) gastric tissues, but in contrast to C. albicans, were unable to infect oroesophageal tissues. Furthermore, C. glabrata strains were not lethal for the Tgepsilon26 mice, and did not evoke an inflammatory response in colonized gastric tissues or stimulate the production of splenic granulocytes. This 'stealth-like' behavior could explain the ability of C. glabrata to persist in infected tissues and survive as a commensal in the alimentary tract.     

紫外线对白念珠菌的影响

紫外线作为重要的环境因子之一,能显著影响包括白念珠菌在内的多种生物的生长及生理过程.研究发现白念珠菌受紫外线照射后菌丝形成被抑制,孢子形成增多且没有向光性;脉冲紫外线辐射可通过多靶点程序使白念珠菌失活;rad 51缺陷株比rad 52缺陷株更易受紫外线损害,同时紫外线可导致白念珠菌杂合性丢失.研究还发现UVC治疗可明显减少烧伤后真菌微生物感染,核黄素/UVA治疗可明显抑制白念珠菌生长.因此紫外线对白念珠菌有一定的抑制作用.     

念珠菌性阴道炎小鼠模型的建立

目的建立念珠菌定植的阴道感染小鼠模型。方法先用林可霉素溶液(浓度为100mg/ml)冲洗小鼠阴道,再将念珠菌接种到小鼠阴道内。结果模型组小鼠阴道内主要细菌数量乳杆菌显著下降(P<0.01),出现阴道红肿、分泌物多呈块状和阴道黏膜充血等念珠菌阴道炎的典型症状。结论通过抗生素处理后,再在小鼠阴道内接种念珠菌,念珠菌能在小鼠阴道内定植,即建立了念珠菌性阴道炎的小鼠模型。