黄酮和黄酮醇通过诱导PIG3表达引发人食管癌细胞凋亡

采用两株人食管癌细胞(鳞癌KYSE-510和腺癌OE33)为肿瘤模型,在体外探讨黄酮、黄酮醇化合物诱导细胞凋亡的分子机制．DNA片段化、吖啶橙染色以及流式细胞术的分析结果表明,3种黄酮(木犀草素、白杨素、芹菜素)和3种黄酮醇(槲皮素、山奈酚、杨梅素)均能诱导两株食管癌细胞发生凋亡．荧光定量RT-PCR和Western-blot分析结果表明,黄酮和黄酮醇是通过诱导PIG3 mRNA和蛋白质的表达、经线粒体途径以非p53依赖的方式,引发两株食管癌细胞凋亡．同时,这一过程可能受到p63和p73的调节．     

高良姜素对人食管鳞癌KYSE-510细胞的抑制作用

探讨在体外高良姜素对人食管鳞癌KYSE-510细胞的抑制作用以及可能的作用机制.MTT结果表明,高良姜素对人食管鳞癌KYSE-510细胞具有很强的生长抑制作用.光学显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜以及流式细胞仪的分析结果表明,高良姜素可诱导KYSE-510细胞分化.荧光定量RT-PCR和Western印迹分析结果表明,高良姜素诱导P21^waf1、抑制细胞周期蛋白B1和细胞周期蛋白D1的表达,推测上述基因可能是高良姜素实现细胞分化诱导作用的靶基因.     

崇左金花茶花朵和叶片类黄酮UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析

以崇左金花茶（Camellia chuangtsoensis）为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）联用技术定性定量分析其花朵（花瓣、雄蕊）和叶片（老叶、新叶）中类黄酮成分与含量。结果表明,崇左金花茶中共检测到14种类黄酮成分,木犀草素、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷为山茶属金花茶组植物中首次发现,其中槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷主要存在于花朵中,木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷在花朵中含量高于叶片,雄蕊中高于花瓣;槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为金花茶组植物叶片中首次发现,其叶片中含量远低于花朵,老叶中远低于新叶,雄蕊中远低于花瓣;儿茶素和表儿茶素在花朵中含量高于叶片,雄蕊中高于花瓣;槲皮素和山萘酚在花朵和叶片中含量均较低。崇左金花茶花瓣和雄蕊中含量较高的类黄酮为儿茶素类、木犀草素类和槲皮素类,主要是表儿茶素、木犀草素和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷;叶片中为儿茶素类和木犀草素类,主要是表儿茶素、木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷。崇左金花茶花瓣和雄蕊中儿茶素类、木犀草素类及类黄酮总量均高于叶片,且雄蕊高于花瓣;花瓣和雄蕊中槲皮素类远高于叶片,且花瓣中远高于雄蕊。     

木犀草素对表皮生长因子诱导的人乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及其机制（英文）

本研究的目的是探讨木犀草素体外抑制表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)诱导的乳腺癌细胞增殖的机制。MTT法检测了木犀草素对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231增殖的影响以及木犀草素对EGF诱导的乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的影响。Western blot法检测了木犀草素对EGF受体、磷脂酰肌醇3蛋白激酶(PI3K)/Akt、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/Erk1/2及转录活化因子3(STAT3)蛋白表达的影响。结果显示,木犀草素能显著抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231的增殖,但对MCF-7细胞的影响更显著,因此本文后续实验以MCF-7为研究对象。进一步研究结果显示,木犀草素对EGF诱导的MCF-7细胞增殖也有显著的抑制作用,Western blot结果表明,木犀草素和EGFR通路阻断剂AG1478均能抑制EGF诱导的EGF受体和STAT3蛋白磷酸化水平,木犀草素、Akt通路抑制剂LY294002以及Erk1/2通路阻断剂PD98059均能显著抑制EGF诱导的Akt和Erk1/2蛋白磷酸化水。以上结果揭示,木犀草素能抑制人乳腺癌细胞EGF信号通路,其中PI3K/Akt、MAPK/Erk1/2、STAT3信号通路是其发挥作用的主要下游信号转导通路。本实验结果为将木犀草素开发成新型抗乳腺癌药物提供了理论依据。     

梁氏异蝎毒素促进KYSE-510细胞凋亡的作用机制研究

为了研究蝎毒抑制肿瘤细胞生长的机理,提取梁氏异蝎Heterometrus liangi蝎毒干预人食管癌细胞(KYSE-510细胞),运用流式细胞术、电镜技术、逆转录PCR和Western blot方法分别检测蝎毒对KYSE-510细胞凋亡的影响以及对caspase-3基因表达。结果表明:经蝎毒处理的实验组KYSE-510活细胞数量显著减少,其原因是蝎毒引起细胞大量凋亡和坏死。经不同浓度(50μg·m L~(-1),100μg·m L~(-1),200μg·m L~(-1))蝎毒处理的KYSE-510细胞与对照组的caspase-3基因在mRNA水平表达相近,而在蛋白表达水平上,实验组细胞与对照组细胞相比,蝎毒促进了caspase-3的剪切活化,且以200μg·m L~(-1)蝎毒处理的KYSE-510细胞caspase-3的剪切活化最强,由此证明蝎毒导致KYSE-510细胞凋亡的机理之一可能是其促进了caspase-3的剪切活化。     

三种山茶属金花茶组植物花朵类黄酮成分研究

该研究以山茶属金花茶组的金花茶、凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用技术定性定量分析其花朵中类黄酮成分与含量。结果表明:三种植物中检测到15种类黄酮,其中天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷为金花茶组首次发现;槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山萘酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶中首次发现。儿茶素、表儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山萘酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为三个物种主体成分;天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷为金花茶特有,槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷为崇左金花茶特有;木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷主要存在于金花茶和崇左金花茶;木犀草素主要存在于凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶。类黄酮类型主要为儿茶素类、槲皮素类、木犀草素类和山萘酚类;崇左金花茶中槲皮素类、木犀草素类及类黄酮总量远高于金花茶和凹脉金花茶,凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶儿茶素类高于金花茶,金花茶和崇左金花茶山萘酚类高于凹脉金花茶。     

木犀草素通过抑制p65 NF-κB、促进p85 PI3K调节微血管内皮细胞VCAM-1表达（英文）

通过抑制微血管内皮细胞血管细胞黏附分子(VCAM)-1的表达,木犀草素可阻遏中性粒细胞与微血管内皮细胞的黏附,起到抗炎作用.木犀草素调节VCAM-1表达与三条信号通路有关:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、核因子kappa B(NF-κB)/IκB和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/Akt通路.其中,MAPK和NF-κB/IκB通路参与VCAM-1正向调节,PI3K/Akt通路参与VCAM-1负向调节.本文研究了木犀草素对微血管内皮细胞该三条通路中的关键蛋白p38 MAPK、p65 NF-κB、p85 PI3K磷酸化.结果表明:木犀草素在反应的30 s和1 min促进p38 MAPK磷酸化,在30 s、1 min和5 min促进p85 PI3K磷酸化,而在30 s、1 min、5 min和30 min抑制p65 NF-κB磷酸化.阻抑p38 MAPK通路导致VCAM-1表达下调,而p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580可通过抑制p38 MAPK磷酸化也下调VCAM-1,提示木犀草素对微血管内皮细胞VCAM-1的调节作用独立于p38 MAPK磷酸化.由此可知,木犀草素通过抑制p65 NF-κB磷酸化或促进p85 PI3K磷酸化调节微血管内皮细胞VCAM-1表达.本文为木犀草素抗炎作用的分子机制研究提供了新的线索.     

磷脂脂质体对三种天然黄酮化合物稳定作用

黄酮化合物由于自身的稳定性问题使临床使用受限,脂质体包埋是一种重要的解决方式。本文研究三种天然黄酮槲皮素,山奈酚及木犀草素与卵磷脂脂质体的结合性质,脂质环境对化合物酚羟基的去质子化能力及捕获Al3+能力的影响,探讨脂质体稳定黄酮的机制。结果表明,三种黄酮化合物能与脂质体不同程度的结合,木犀草素能进入脂质双层内部,而槲皮素和山奈酚主要结合于脂双层外部的极性头部,因此木犀草素酚羟基去质子化能力显著降低,pKa明显增大,而后两者pKa受脂质体影响较小。在脂质环境中,三种化合物与Al3+的螯合能力显著下降,但差异并不明显,虽然木犀草素能进入脂质双层,但膜流动性的增加会导致Al3+进入脂质环境变得困难,因此螯合能力也明显下降。可见卵磷脂脂质体能对木犀草素起到明显的稳定和保护作用,但对槲皮素和山奈酚作用较弱。     

二烯丙基二硫作用于K562细胞后凋亡相关基因的差异表达

目的:研究二烯丙基二硫(diallyl disulfide DADS)作用于人白血病K562细胞后凋亡相关基因的差异表达,为进一步探讨DADS诱导K562细胞凋亡的分子机制提供基础.方法:采用瑞士-吉姆萨和Hoechst33342染色观察细胞形态学变化.运用基因芯片技术检测40 mg/LDADS作用于K562细胞24h后凋亡相关基因的差异表达,选择其中上调基因GADD45A、下调基因HO-1运用RT-PCR技术进行验证.结果:40mg/L的DADS作用于K562细胞后出现凋亡所具有的典型形态学变化.40 mg/L DADS作用K562细胞24 h后有14个凋亡相关差异表达基因.GADD45A、HO-1基因表达情况与基因芯片结果一致.结论:DADS可能通过多个基因和多条信号转导通路共同作用诱导人白血病细胞K562凋亡.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.