中国疾蟋螽属二新种记述(直翅目:沙螽科:蟋螽亚科)

记述了中国疾蟋螽属2新种,即指突疾蟋螽Apotrechus digitatus Liu et Bi,sp.nov.和近似疾蟋螽Apotrechus fallax Liu et Bi,sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫博物馆。     

中国蟋螽亚科二新种(直翅目:沙螽科)

记述蟋螽亚科2新种,少刺荒栖蟋螽Eremus parvospinus sp.nov.采自广西,黑膝疾蟋螽Apotrechus nigrigeniculatus sp.nov.采自四川。模式标本保存在中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所昆虫标本馆。     

中国斜缘螽属的研究及两新种记述(直翅目,露螽科)

研究了中国斜缘螽属的种类,并报道两新种,即刺尾斜缘螽Deflorita centa sp.nov.和弯尾斜缘螽Deflorita curva sp.nov.,模式标本保存于西南农业大学植物保护学院标本室.     

优雅蝈螽雄性附腺结构与分泌蛋白特性

通过组织切片和SDS-PAGE方法,研究优雅蝈螽Gampsocleis gratiosa Brunner von Wattenwyl雄性附腺的结构及分泌蛋白的特性。结果表明,优雅蝈螽雄性附腺由3类腺管组成:乳白长腺管、透明腺管和乳白短腺管,腺管的管壁组织结构相似,从内到外依次为单层上皮细胞、基膜、肌肉层,不同腺管管腔分泌物H-E染色后呈现不同颜色。SDS-PAGE分析各种腺管的分泌蛋白具有特异性。     

优雅蝈螽雄性附腺的超微结构及其腺管提取物对精子束的作用

为阐明优雅蝈螽Gampsocleis gratiosa Brunner von Wattenwyl雄性附腺的结构与功能的关系, 本文利用透射电镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)技术研究了优雅蝈螽雄性附腺的超微结构, 利用微分干涉相差显微镜(differential interference contrast microscope, DIC)技术并结合雄性附腺匀浆提取物与精子束在体外的短暂培养, 研究了优雅蝈螽雄性附腺对精子束的作用。结果表明： 优雅蝈螽雄性附腺3类腺管组织结构相似, 腺管管壁为单层上皮细胞, 缺少内表皮, 说明其来源于中胚层。上皮细胞富含粗面内质网、 线粒体、 高尔基体, 具有分泌细胞的特点。腺管管腔中分泌物有4种形态, 即电子透明的物质、 电子致密的颗粒物质、 细纤维状物质以及绒球状物质。上皮细胞的分泌方式主要有2种, 即顶质分泌和局部分泌。乳白短腺管的匀浆提取物参与了帽状精子束解聚的过程, 乳白长腺管和透明腺管的匀浆提取物有维持精子束活性的作用。本研究结果为进一步阐明螽斯雄性附腺的生理功能奠定了基础。     

迷卡斗蟋和短翅鸣螽的行为谱及交配行为

研究了迷卡斗蟋和短翅鸣螽的行为模式及迷卡斗蟋鸣叫的时间分布。结果表明迷卡斗蟋雄虫单独存在时 ,在一昼夜内其鸣叫的持续时间为 668.38± 1 0 9.86分钟 ( 5 ) ,引入雌虫后鸣叫累计时间减少为 1 7.3± 6.7分钟 ( 5 ) ,并产生音调低沉的求偶声。在昼夜鸣叫活动型式中 ,雄虫单独存在时的鸣叫活动集中于夜间 ;引入雌虫后 ,占区鸣叫、求偶鸣唱和交配行为多集中于白天。根据上述结果提出了机会 -风险平衡假说来解释此现象 ,即白天交配有被捕食的危险 ,雄蟋短期内重复交配以保证精液进入雌蟋体内 ,从而保证了交配的成功 ,补偿了雄蟋所冒风险。短翅鸣螽雄性产生较大的精包 ,当雌体取食精包时 ,精液进入雌体内以保证交配成功。     

锯缘青蟹窦腺显微和超微结构研究

借助光学和电子显微镜观察据缘青蟹（Ｓｃｙｌｌａ ｓｅｒｒａｔａ）窦腺的形态结构。窦腺位于眼柄视神经节内髓背侧近外髓处。窦腺呈羹状;腺体壁山神经分泌细胞的末梢和神经胶质细胞组成。神经末梢内充满了电子致密的神经分泌颗粒。根据颗粒的大小、形态及电子致密度等特征,可以区分出４种类型的神经末梢。一些末梢中的多形性颗粒可能是由Ⅱ型末梢中的颗粒转变而成的。一些现象表明,神经分泌物质可以通过胞吐作用或一种类似“顶浆分泌”的方式释放,从而说明神经激素的释放可能是多途径的．     

三种片蟋雄性发声器的比较研究(直翅目,蛣蟋科)

应用扫描电子显微镜观察了片蟋属Truljalia Gorochov 3种雄性声锉和声齿的超微结构,即瘤突片蟋T.tylacantha Wang et Woo,1992,梨片蟋T.hibinonis (Matsumura,1919),霍氏片蟋T.hofmanni(Saussure,1878).结果显示,声锉和声齿超微结构在属、种间差异显著,在种内差异不显著,且特征稳定.     

昆虫的丝和丝腺

文中介绍了吐丝昆虫的种类、昆虫丝的结构与成分、丝与丝腺的类型、吐丝器及泌丝行为等。并简述了丝对泌丝昆虫生活的重要性及近期虫丝的研究动态。     

优雅蝈螽精子形成过程中核的形态结构变化观察（英文）

【目的】螽斯精子结构复杂,具有特征性的箭头状顶体,是研究昆虫精子形成的理想材料。为了研究螽斯精子形成过程中的动态变化机制,特别是细胞核的凝集机制和箭头状顶体的发生机制,本研究对优雅蝈螽Gampsocleis gratiosa精细胞和精子的细胞核进行了观察。【方法】选择发育良好的优雅蝈螽成虫精巢为研究材料,利用透射电镜技术、普通光学显微镜和荧光显微镜技术,制作光镜切片和电镜切片进行观察。【结果】根据其形态结构变化特征,将优雅蝈螽精子形成过程中的细胞核分为4个阶段：圆形核、叶形核、柱状核和成熟阶段。我们还通过常规HE染色,结合DNA特异性荧光探针DAPI,证明了圆形核时期,精细胞内具有两个明显的球状结构,一个为细胞核,另一个是原顶体;精子成熟阶段,精子尾部排出的细胞质微滴中含有DNA。【结论】优雅蝈螽精子形成过程中,精细胞的细胞核经历了显著的形态变化,精细胞核的形态变化与细胞骨架微管相关,细胞核塑形伴随着染色质的重组。本研究为进一步阐明直翅目昆虫精子形成的分子机制奠定了基础。     

Fine structural aspects of silk secretion in a spider. II. Conduction in the pyriform glands

The excretory duct of pyriform glands in Araneus diadematus is connected to the secretory sac through an intermediary cell ring. Apices of these cells bear thick, long microvilli and cytoplasmic extensions containing microtubules in bundles, some of which are derived from normal basal bodies. These finger-like extensions lie between the cuticular intima and the secretory product; they are thought to protect the intima and to initiate moulding of the silk thread. Structural features of the duct cells suggest that the latter play a role in the control of the water content of the silk glue which is restricted to the last portion of the duct where numerous nerve endings are inserted between cells. It is evident that duct structure and chemical and physical characteristics of silk are correlated in all spider silk glands.     

Electron Microscopy of the Stomatostylet and Esophagus of Criconemoides curvatum

The stomatostylet of Criconemoides curvature consists of three parts: tooth cone, shaft, and knobs. The tooth cone constitutes the outer conical covering and inner lining of the anterior half of the stylet lumen. The tooth cone is easily separated from the shaft by treating an isolated styler with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. The posterior half of the shaft is cylindrical, tapering anteriorly to form the shaft extension, wedged between the inner and outer tooth cone. The shaft extension extends to the stylet lumen orifice, which is subterminal and ventral. Six ducts enter the shaft through the junction between the shaft and knobs. They extend anteriad toward the tip of the shaft extension. Cytoplasmic connections between the ducts and the cells surrounding the stylet occur near tile junction between the shaft and the basal knobs. Ribosome and membranous structures are observed in these ducts. The esophagus of the adult female consists of a fused procorpus and metacorpus with a large valve possessing thickened cuticular walls at the anterior and posterior ends. The dorsal esophageal gland reservoir is composed of many honeycomb-like compartments made up of two types of differing electron density. The subventral esophageal glands, however, consist of only one type of granules. Both dorsal and subventral esophageal glands open into the esophageal lumen through trachea-like branched multiple canals.     

蟋蟀与蝗虫精子顶体复合体的超微结构比较（直翅目）

通过对蟋蟀科北京同葫芦ＧｒｙｌｌｕｓｍｉｔｒａｔｕｓＢｕｒｍｅｉｓｔｅｒ精子顶体复合体超微结构的观察发现其顶体外人有固定的形状,顶体本体内具有一些丝状物,与前人描述的蝗总科精子顶体复合体相比较,虽然两者的顶体复合体都为三层结构,但在顶本以及顶体本结构上却存明显的差异。     

Structure and development of Austramphilina elongata Johnston, 1931 (Cestodaria: Amphilinidea)

The life cycle and structure of the larva of Austramphilina elongata using light-microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are described. Eggs are round and non-operculate. Larvae hatch in freshwater and penetrate through the cuticle of juvenile crayfish, Cherax destructor, and of freshwater shrimps, Paratya australiensis and Atya (= Atyoida) sp., shedding their ciliated epidermis. In the last two hosts, development to the infective stage does not occur. In crayfish, larvae grow and reach the infective stage. Turtles, Chelodina longicollis, become infected by eating infected crayfish. Larvae penetrate through the oesophageal wall of the turtle and migrate toward the coelom, where maturation occurs. The free-swimming larva has a syncytial epidermis which covers most of the body except for the posterior region bearing the hooks. It is loosely attached to a thin underlying tegument, which is connected to ‘insunk’ nucleated cell bodies. It forms a thick surface layer in the posterior region. There are three flame cells on each side of the body and two postero-lateral excretory pores. There are no lateral flames. The weir apparatus of the flame cell has the structure typical of parasitic platyhelminths. The smaller capillaries have a smooth surface, that of the terminal ducts is covered by numerous microvilli. Three types of penetration glands open anteriorly. There are five pairs of hooks; one median ‘normal’, two submedian halberd-shaped, and two lateral serrate. Hook are not lost, they are arranged around the gonopore of the adult. Frontal glands opening into the proboscis were found in the anterior part of the body in all stages examined. Infective stages in crayfish have developing reproductive organs and ducts. The tegument of the adult has many microvilli.