The distribution and ecology of Spiniferomonas (Chrysophyceae) in Connecticut (USA)

Siver, P. A. 1988. The distribution and ecology of Spiniferomonas (Chrysophyceae) in Connecticut (USA). - Nord. J. Bot. 8: 205–212. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.
The genus Spiniferomonas was found to be a common member of the phytoplankton flora in Connecticut lakes, present in over thirty-seven percent of the 113 samples collected during 1984. Thirteen of the 15 known freshwater Spiniferomonas species were found including S. crucigera , recorded for the first time from North America. Six species were new records for the United States. S. trioralis, S. bilacunosa and S. bourrellyi were the most common taxa. Ecological preferences of some species are presented. This study represents the first major survey of the genus in the United States.     

Scale-bearing Chrysophyceae (Mallomonadaceae and Paraphysomonadaceae) from West Greenland

Phytoplankton samples from twenty-one freshwater localities in the area of Nuuk (Godthåb), West Greenland, have been examined by means of electron microscopy in order to investigate the flora of scale bearing Chrysophyceae. Forty-two taxa of the genera Mallomonas, Synura, Chromophysomonas (Spiniferomonas), Chrysosphaerella and Paraphysomonas have been observed, and thirty-eight of these are illustrated by TEM or SEM micrographs. Thirty-four of the observed taxa, among these all members of the genus Chromophysomonas , are for the first time recorded from Greenland. Chromophysomonas involuta sp.nov. is described. The scale morphology of the Greenlandic specimens is compared with earlier findings from other parts of the world, and the most remarkable features of the chrysophycean flora from the investigated area are discussed.     

Studies on generaMallomonas andSynura,and other plankton in freshwater with the electron microscope

A new genusSpiniferomonas of the Synuraceae was established withSpiniferomonas bourrellii as the type species. The cells ofSpiniferomonas are solitary, freeswimming, biflagellated, and covered with siliceous scales and spines. The genus shows a similarity to theChrysosphaerella (Synuraceae) in the structure of scales and spines. In addition to the type species, six species were also described as the new taxa of this genus. They were named asS. abei, S. bilacunosa, S. trioralis, S. crucigera, S. conica, andS. alata, respectively. All the specimens were collected from ponds and lakes in Japan.S. trioralis was also collected from the Republic of South Africa. Dedicated to Professor Dr. NoboruAbe in celebration of his sixty-fifth birthday.     

Ultrastructure and taxonomy of Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae) and related genera 3

New observations are presented on the internal ultrastructure of the scale–bearing chrysophycean genera Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella , the new genus Polylepidomonas and 15 species of Paraphysomonas. These data show that the pigmented genera Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella and Polylepidomonas have a generally similar internal structure and that their taxonomic separation is based only on differences in scale structure. The structure of Paraphysomonas resembles that of these genera but the cells always possess a leucoplast rather than a chloroplast. In cell structure, the pigmented genera resemble the naked genus Ochromonas while Paraphysomonas resembles Spumella , the colourless counterpart of Ochromonas. Evaluation of the differences between these genera and the scale–bearing genera Mallomonas and Synura has led to the conclusion that Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella, Polylepidomonas and Paraphysomonas should no longer be classified within the family Mallomonadaceae. The new family Paraphysomonadaceae is established to include Chrysophyceae with an Ochromonas type of cell structure but which also produce silica scales.     

Spiniferomonas abrupta, sp. nov. and some rare species of Synurophyceae and Chrysophyceae, not formerly recorded from Denmark

Eight ponds and lakes were examined for scale-bearing chrysophytes (Synurophyceae and Chrysophyceae) and abiotic parameters. Samples were taken monthly, throughout one year. All species of scale-bearing chrysophytes were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Altogether 74 taxa were found including a new species of Spiniferomonas (S. abrupta sp. nov.). Some rare species, not formerly recorded from Denmark, were also observed: Mallomonas asmundiae, M. corcontica, M. pumitio var. silvicola, Paraphysomonas capreolata, P. elegantissima, P. limbata , and Spiniferomonas silverensis .     

Desulfovibrio longus sp. nov., a sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from an oil-producing well.

A novel type of sulfate-reducing bacteria with unusual morphology was isolated from an oil-producing well in the Paris Basin. The cells of this bacterium, strain SEBR 2582T (T = type strain), are long, thin, flexible rods, contain desulfoviridin, and are physiologically similar to members of the genus Desulfovibrio. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence data, this strain should be included in the genus Desulfovibrio. However, strain SEBR 2582T differs from other members of this genus morphologically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. Thus, a new species, Desulfovibrio longus sp. nov., is proposed for this organism.     

On the validity of the genera Sinocalamus McClure and Lingnania McClure

When F. A. McClure published the new genus Sinocalamus McClure in 1940, the 4 species he listed are S. latiflorus (Munro) McClure, S. beecheyanus (Munro) McClure, S. oldhami (Munro) McClure and S. affinis (Rendle) McClure. After careful examination, the authors of this paper considered that the type species of McClure’s genus S. latiflorus (Munro) McClure should belong to the genus Dendrocalamus Nees, and the other species are of Bambusa Schreber. Owing to Sinocalamus McClure is not a taxon representative of its type species, but a mixture, it must be rejected as a synonym of Dendrocalamus Nees. In consequence then, the authors make adjustment to the taxonomic category of the 14 species and 1 variety which have ever been in Sinocalamus McClure. As for the characters of Lingnania McClure, except that some differences exist in the vegetative parts, the structure of the spikelets is in the main the same as that of Bambusa Schreber. Consequently, with regard to the systematic relationship, the authors consider it may be more resonable that the rank of Lingnania McClure should be altered to Bambusa Schreber subg. Lingnania (MeClure) Chia et H. L. Fung; all the species of Lingnania McClure, except that L. tsiangii McClure should be transferred to Dendrocalamus Nees, should be assignable to Bambusa Schreber subg. Lingnania (McClure) Chia et H. L. Fung.     

Virus–like particles and endophytic bacteria in Paraphysomonas and Chromophysomonas (Chrysophyceae)

An ultrastructural investigation has shown the presence of icosahedral virus–like particles (VLPs) in three species of Paraphysomonas and one species of Chromophysomonas. The VLPs appear to be responsible for the sudden collapse of enrichment cultures of these species. The possible relationship with particles in other algae which are known to be true viruses is discussed. Endophytic bacteria were also observed in two species of Paraphysomonas , where they occurred within distensions of the nuclear envelope. This is the first report of endophytic bacteria in this location in the algae.     

Scale–bearing Chrysophyceae (Mallomonadaceae) from Central and Northern Canada

In this study, scale–bearing Chrysophyceae (Mallomonadaceae) have been examined by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Lakes in four areas in central and northern Canada, viz. Experimental Lakes Area (ELA), in northwestern Ontario, Whiteshell Provincial Park and Southern Indian Lake in eastern and northern Manitoba, respectively, and Saqvaqjuac on the west coast of Hudson Bay in the Northwest Territories have been investigated. Forty–three species of the genera Mallomonas, Paraphysomonas, Spiniferomonas and Synura have been identified in addition to three species of the genus Chrysochromulina (Prymnesiophyceae). Ten species are new to Canada; five of these have not previously been recorded from North America. Paraphysomonas elegantissima sp. nov. is described. The composition of the Canadian chrysophycean flora is compared with the chrysophycean flora of North America as a whole.     

Saccharopolyspora pathumthaniensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycetes isolated from termite guts (Speculitermes sp.)

Morphological and chemotaxonomic characterization of actinomycete strain S582 isolated from the gut of a termite (Speculitermes sp.) in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, clearly demonstrated that this strain is a member of the genus Saccharopolyspora. 16S rDNA sequence analysis for the strain supported the assignment of the strain to the genus Saccharopolyspora. The similarity value of sequences between this strain and the closely related species Saccharopolyspora endophytica was 99.5%. The DNA G+C content was 70.2 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization results (53.3%) and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain S582(T) was distinguished from the phylogenetically closest relatives. Based on these genotypic and phenotypic data, strain S582(T) should be a new species in the genus Saccharopolyspora and the name Saccharopolyspora pathumthaniensis sp. nov. is proposed for the strain. The type strain is S582(T) (=NBRC 104112(T) =BCC 28624(T)).     

The delphacid genus Sogatella and related groups: a revision with special reference to rice-associated species (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea)

Abstract. The delphacid planthopper genus Sogatella Fennah is redefined and a key provided to males of the fourteen included species. The type-species of Sogatodes Fennah, S.molinus Fennah is considered to be a Sogatella species and consequently Sogatodes becomes a junior subjective synonym of Sogatella. The remaining species of Sogatodes are transferred to Tagosodes gen.n . (type species T.cubanus (Crawford) comb.n. ). Latistria Huang et al. or Sogatellana Kuoh. A key is provided to distinguish the four genera. A check list of species in each genus is given. Several species are important rice pests and information on biology and pest status is summarized.     

宽带蕨属（水龙骨科）的系统学研究

对喜马拉雅和横断山地区特有的水龙骨科的宽带蕨属Platygyria Ching&S.K.Wu植物进行了形态学、分类学、生态和植物地理学的观察与分析,探讨了该属植物的系统位置、亲缘关系和生态适应性,推测宽带蕨属是随着喜马拉雅山脉的隆升,由瓦韦属Lepisorus（J.Sm.）Ching网眼瓦韦群植物适应高寒生态环境演化而来的新生类群。确定宽带蕨属有5种,即川西宽带蕨P.soulieana（Christ）X.C.Zhang&Q.R.Liu、多变宽带蕨P.variabilis Ching&S.K.Wu、耳基宽带     

Complete genome sequence of Rhodospirillum rubrum type strain (S1)

Rhodospirillum rubrum (Esmarch 1887) Molisch 1907 is the type species of the genus Rhodospirillum, which is the type genus of the family Rhodospirillaceae in the class Alphaproteobacteria. The species is of special interest because it is an anoxygenic phototroph that produces extracellular elemental sulfur (instead of oxygen) while harvesting light. It contains one of the most simple photosynthetic systems currently known, lacking light harvesting complex 2. Strain S1(T) can grow on carbon monoxide as sole energy source. With currently over 1,750 PubMed entries, R. rubrum is one of the most intensively studied microbial species, in particular for physiological and genetic studies. Next to R. centenum strain SW, the genome sequence of strain S1(T) is only the second genome of a member of the genus Rhodospirillum to be published, but the first type strain genome from the genus. The 4,352,825 bp long chromosome and 53,732 bp plasmid with a total of 3,850 protein-coding and 83 RNA genes were sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute Program DOEM 2002.     

Ehrlichia ewingii sp. nov., the etiologic agent of canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis.

The 16S rRNA gene was amplified, cloned, and sequenced from the blood of two dogs that were experimentally infected with the etiologic agent of canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis. The 16S rRNA sequence was found to be unique when it was compared with the sequences of other members of the genus Ehrlichia. The most closely related species were Ehrlichia canis (98.0% related) and the human ehrlichiosis agent (Ehrlichia chaffeensis) (98.1% related); all other species in the genus were found to be phylogenetically much more distant. Our results, coupled with previous serologic data, provide conclusive evidence that the canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent is a new species of the genus Ehrlichia that is related to, but is distinct from, E. canis and all other members of the genus. We propose the name Ehrlichia ewingii sp. nov.; the Stillwater strain is the type strain.     

栒子属（Cotoneaster Medikus）植物叶表皮微形态特征及其分类学意义

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,对栒子属（Cotoneaster Medikus）2组15种植物的叶表皮特征进行了观察,发现疏花组（Sect. Cotoneaster）植物叶表皮细胞多为多边形,垂周壁一般为平直—弓形,气孔均为无规则型;单花组（Sect. Uniflos）植物叶表皮细胞常不规则型,垂周壁多浅波状,气孔除无规则型（anomocytic）外还兼有十字型（staurocytic）、四分体型（tetracytic）和等三体型（isotricytic）。依据气孔周围角质膜特征等叶表皮性状,把15种植物分为W型、S型和I型,其中W型是S型的特化类型,疏花组的种类为W型或S型,单花组的种类为I型。叶表皮微形态特征可以为栒子属植物组及种的分类学处理提供解剖学资料。     

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Aquaspirillum based on 16S rRNA gene sequences

Phylogenetic analysis of 15 species of the genus Aquaspirillum based on 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences indicated that the genus Aquaspirillum is phylogenetically heterogeneous and the species could be divided into four groups as follows: Aquaspirillum serpens, the type species of this genus, A. dispar and A. putridiconchylium are situated in the family Neisseriaceae; members of the second group, A. gracile, A. delicatum, A. anulus, A. giesbergeri, A. sinuosum, A. metamorphum and A. psychrophilum, are included in the family Comamonadaceae; the two members of the third group, A. arcticum and A. autotrophicum, are included in the family Oxalobacteriaceae; and members of the fourth group, A. polymorphum, A. peregrinum, and A. itersonii, are included in the alpha-subdivision of Proteobacteria. Thus, phylogenetic studies indicated that all the species excepting A. serpens, the type species, should be transferred to distinct genera.