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为了解复叶内小叶性状随叶序的分布格局,以小兴安岭3种具有对生叶序的复叶植物水曲柳、黄菠萝和胡桃楸为研究对象,通过测定复叶内不同叶序位置小叶的叶厚、叶面积、比叶面积、叶干物质含量、栅栏组织厚度(栅)、海绵组织厚度(海)、栅海比以及碳、氮、磷含量,探讨小叶性状随叶序的变异规律及叶序对小叶性状间内在联系的影响。结果表明:3种树小叶的叶面积、叶干物质含量、海绵组织厚度、栅海比随叶序的变化规律主要分为3种:增加、减小、先增加后减小;叶厚、比叶面积、栅栏组织厚度随叶序无明显变化;碳、氮、磷含量随叶序以无明显变化为主。3种树的复叶内部,叶厚、叶面积、比叶面积、叶干物质含量、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和栅海比的变异系数和可塑性指数变化范围分别为6.1%~28.6%和0.14~0.70。叶序对小叶性状间的双变量相关关系产生显著影响,小叶干物质含量与比叶面积在水曲柳和胡桃楸不同叶序位置呈现负相关,氮含量与磷含量在水曲柳和黄菠萝不同叶序位置呈现正相关。胡桃楸的一、二级小叶(离叶柄基部最远端为一级小叶)表现为保守策略,七、八级小叶表现为获取策略,而水曲柳和黄菠萝不同叶序位置的小叶未表现出明显不同的生态策略。 相似文献
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细胞程序死亡是多细胞生物体在内源发育信号或外源环境信号作用下在特定时间和空间发生的细胞死亡过程, 在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用。该文介绍了植物细胞程序死亡类型的几种划分方法、植物发育性细胞程序死亡研究常用的实验体系, 并着重概述有关植物发育性细胞程序死亡发生机制的研究进展。 相似文献
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Phyllotaxis and morphological characteristics of monocotyledonous and tricotyledonous mutants ( found during cultivation process) and dicotyledonous plants of Helianthus annuus Linn. were observed. The results show that numbers of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and tricotyledonous plants are 8, 339 and 3, respectively in 350 cultivated plants of H. annuus, accounting for 2. 3%, 96. 9% and 0. 9% of total individual number, respectively, and their corresponding phyllotaxis is alternate, opposite and whorled types, respectively. Monocotyledonous plant has the fewest leaf number, the most leaf layer number, and the largest flower diameter; tricotyledonous plant has the most leaf number, the fewest leaf layer number, and the smallest flower diameter. There is no obvious difference in plant height of individuals with different cotyledon types. It is suggested that cotyledon number of H. annuus is obviously correlated with phyllotaxis type. 相似文献
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生长素影响植物多种生理过程,有报道显示生长素可能影响植物对逆境胁迫的反应。我们利用cDNA阵列技术鉴定拟南芥(Arabiopsis thaliana (L.)Heynh.)的生长素应答基因,发现多个胁迫应答基因受生长素抑制,包括Arabidopsis homolog of MEK kinasel(ATMEKK1),RelA/SpoT homolog 3(At-RSH3),Catalase 1(Cat1)和Ferriitn 1(Fer1)。说明生长素可调节胁迫应答基因的表达,此外,我们还证明吲哚乙酸(LAA)合成途径中的腈水解酶基因nitrilase 1(NIT1)和nitrilae 2(NIT2)受盐胁迫诱导,提示在逆境条件下1AA的合成可能随之增加,我们利用生长素不敏感突变体研究生长素与逆境反应相互作用的信号转导,发现胁迫应答基因在野生型和生长素不敏感突变体auxin resistant 2(axr2)中可被盐胁迫诱导,而在auxin resitant1-3(axl-3)中则不被诱导,说明生长素与逆境胁迫反应的相互作用可能发生在泛素途径。 相似文献
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通常可通过植物叶片的形态来区分不同植物的种类。叶片由茎顶端分生组织侧翼发育而成,为多种多样大小和形状的扁平结构。叶片的结构看似简单,但调控叶片形态和结构发育的分子机理错综复杂,叶片的发育受植物激素、转录因子、一系列蛋白因子及环境的共同调控。本文回顾了叶片边缘形态和叶脉发育研究的最新进展。在叶边缘形态方面,Aux/IAA生长素响应抑制家族蛋白通过调节生长素浓度最大点的离散分布影响小叶的起始和生长以及叶边缘结构;NAM/CUC转录因子促进叶边缘锯齿的分离以及复叶中小叶的分离和分化,NAM/CUC和Aux/IAA通过不同通路实现对生长素的调控;拟南芥RAX1基因/番茄Potato-leaf基因和拟南芥JAG基因/番茄LYR基因促进叶边缘锯齿发育;RCO调控复叶小叶的发育不通过改变生长素的分布来实现;在番茄中反式小干扰RNA途径中的因子参与叶边缘形态发育;另外,在拟南芥中,mir164A、CUC2、PIN1、DPA4、SVR9-1及SVR9L-1构成复杂的调控网络影响叶边缘锯齿的发育。在叶脉发育方面,PIN1能否正确的定位会影响叶脉发育;AS1和AS2共同参与叶片远近轴极性的分化;另外AXR6、MP、BDL、CVP因子功能的缺失影响叶脉发育;生长素、PIN1、Aux/IAA、MP、ATHB8构成反馈循环调控子叶叶脉的形成。 相似文献
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Plants display a wide variety of three dimensional forms, or architectures, that are critical for their survival in competitive
environments or, in the case of crops, for their productivity. Architecture is generated after embryogenesis through the activities
of shoot apical meristems and root apical meristems. Leaves are the principal lateral organ that determines the plant shoot
morphology, and they normally develop in very regular patterns in time and space. The spatial pattern of leaf arrangement
is called phyllotaxy, and the temporal pattern is determined by the plastochron, which is the time between successive leaf
initiation events. Both programs involve many gene activities as well as the hormones auxin and cytokinin. Apparently, the
mechanisms controlling phyllotaxy and plastochron share some regulatory components. In this review, the molecular mechanisms
for both patterning programs will be discussed. 相似文献
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影响农杆菌介导遗传转化的植物因子研究进展 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
农杆菌介导法是植物遗传转化中最常用的一种方法.越来越多的研究表明,植物遗传因子是决定农杆菌遗传转化效率的重要因素,它们至少影响了转化过程的如下5个方面:1)受伤植物释放的酚类物质和糖分子等介导农杆菌的趋化运动和毒性基因vir的诱导表达;2)农杆菌吸附到植物表面;3)T-DNA和毒性蛋白通过由VirB和virD4蛋白组成的Ⅳ型分泌系统从细菌转移到植物细胞质;4)T-复合体利用细胞质ACTIN骨架和输入蛋白进行核定位和核输入;5)T-DNA利用植物的修复装置整合进宿主基因组.就以上5个方面涉及的植物因子研究进展予以综述. 相似文献
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植物花药培养及其影响因素研究进展(综述) 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
本文概述国内外植物花药培养现状及影响花药培养的主要因素(植物基因型、植物生理状态、花药发育时期、培养基成分、预处理等)。 相似文献
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Summary The relative effectiveness of vascular connections between adjacent leaves of tobacco is demonstrated. It is shown that water movement between adjacent leaves is more difficult than between phyllotactically related leaves. Total and specific resistance ratios between adjacent and phyllotactically related leaves are calculated. These figures indicate that vertical water potential profiles need to be interpreted with a full knowledge of the vascular structure and phyllotaxy as well as gross structural and environmental parameters. 相似文献
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Among the many topics of interest to ecologists studying associations between phytophagous insects and their host plants are the influence of natal host plant on future oviposition decisions and the mechanisms of generalist versus specialist host selection behavior. In this study, we examined the oviposition preferences, behavior and larval development of the tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli. By rearing psyllids with two distinct geographically-linked haplotypes on different host plants, we were able to examine the role of natal host plant and potential local adaptation on host plant usage. Choice bioassays among three host species demonstrated that psyllids from California had clear preferences that were influenced by natal plant. We further found that patterns in choice bioassays corresponded to observed feeding and movement responses. No-choice bioassays demonstrated that there is little to no association between development and host-plant choice for oviposition, while also indicating that host choice varies between haplotypes. These findings support the concept that mothers do not always choose oviposition sites optimally and also add support for the controversial Hopkins'' host selection principle. 相似文献