Taxonomic studies of Choanephoraceae in India

Summary A taxonomic study of the members of the family Choanephoraceae was undertaken. Almost all the species of the family have been isolated from various sources in India. Two genera, viz.,Blakeslea andChoanephora have been recognized and a key to the genera has been given. The genusBlakeslea includes only one speciesB. trispora and the genusChoanephora five species. A key to the species has also been given. A new variety ofChoanephora circinans, viz.,C. circinans var.prolifera Mehrotra andMehrotra based on the proliferating vesicular apices of the sporangiophores has been described.     

Alternaria leaf spot of rose from India

Summary A new leaf spot of Rose incited by anAlternaria species has been described from India. The pathogen has been determined as a variety ofAlternaria tenuis Auct. on the basis of morphology and host-specificity and is designated asA. tenuis var.rosicola. The disease is of great economic importance, found to infect a large number of superior and cultivated varieties of Rose in nature.Part of the author's Ph. D. (Agri.) thesis, Poona varsity, India, 1964.     

Studies on Chrysophyceae from some ponds and lakes in Alaska

Summary A new variety, Mallomonopsis elliptica var. salina, of M. elliptica var. elliptica Matwienko is described as seen in the living state in the light microscope, and in the electron microscope. The locality in which it was found is described.

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Zusammenfassung Eine neue Varietät, Mallomonopsis elliptica var. salina, von M. elliptica var. elliptica Matwienko wird beschrieben. Sie wurde in lebendiger Gestalt in dem Lichtmikroskop and in dem Elektronenmikroskop beobachtet. Der Fundort wird beschrieben.

     

Considerazioni Intorno ad „Endomycopsis Fibuliger (Lindner) Dekker“

Riassunto Da uve di paesi subtropicali (Brasile) sono stati isolati più ceppi diEndomycopsis. Il loro studio comparativo ha suggerito di riconvalidareEnd. lindneri Saito passata daLodder &Kreger van Rij in sinonimia conE. fibuliger, e di istituire una nuova varietà di quest' ultima specie:E. fibuliger, var.energica n. var.

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Summary From grape must of a subtropical country (Brasil) some strains ofEndomycopsis had been isolated. Their comparative study was suggestive to confirm again the speciesE. lindneri Saito. Moreover, the same studies permitted us to establish a new variety:E. fibuliger v.energica, n. var.

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Resumo Foram isoladas algumas culturas deEndomycopsis de mosto de uvas cultivadas no Estado de S. Paulo, Brasil.Os estudo comparativos dessas cepas sugeriram considerar como valida a especieE. lindneri Saito, queLodder &Kreger van Rij dao como sinonimo deE. fibuliger.Foi sugerido tambem instituir uma nova variedade, aE. fibuliger var.energica.

     

Variation in Gymnoascus reessii Baranetzky

Summary A taxonomic study was made of morphological variability in several cultures ofGymnoascus reessii isolated from dung and soil, mostly in California. There is considerable variation among isolates of this species with regard to cultural and ascocarp characters such as the nature of the free apices of the peridial hyphae. Ascospore characters are quite stable. Although certain isolates possibly could be grouped into varieties, such groupings merge into one another. Hence, at this time it appears that varieties ofG. reessii cannot readily be distinguished. The single heretofore described variety,G. reessii var.deilephilae Hennings, is reduced to synonymy withG. reessii Baran.Supported in part by Botany Department Research Grant # 1344, University of California, Los Angeles, California.     

Curvularia leaf blight of bajra (pennisetum typhoides Stapf.) in India

Summary The symptoms of leaf blight of bajra (Pennisetum typhoides Stapf.) from India, its cause which has been identified asCurvularia penniseti (Mitra)Boedijn var.poonensis n. var. together with the morphology and host range of the fungus etc. have been given.Part of the work submitted by ShriP. L. Patil for M. Sc. (Agric.), University of Poona, under the guidance of Dr.N. B. Kulkarni.The authors express their sincere thanks to Prof.M. Sulaiman for providing necessary facilities for this work.     

Globba unifolia andG. corneri stat. et nom. nov. (Zingiberaceae; Peninsular Malaysia)

Based on personal collections ofGlobba unifolia Ridl. andG. unifolia var.sessiliflora Holtt., the latter is recognized as a distinct species. As the nameG. sessiliflora is already occupied, the nomen novumG. corneri is proposed in honour of Prof. DrE. J. H. Corner, who was the first collector of the plant.Dedicated to Prof. DrE. J. H. Corner (Cambridge) on the occasion of his 85th birthday on January 12th, 1991.     

Revisione del Genere Polyscytalum Riess

Riassunto Si discute la posizione sistematica del generePolyscytalum in relazione ai funghi artrosporei prospettando la necessità di tenerlo distinto daGeotrichum eCylindrium. Sulla scorta di materiali di erbario (tra cui l'autotipo diP. fecundissimum var.macrosporum, si è accertato che i conidi (artrospore) del generePolyscytalum sono unisettati. Il genere appartiene così agli Ifomiceti Ialodidimi e non a quelli Ialoamerosporei. Delle altre specie ristudiate, ilP. sericeum Sacc. (tipo) è una specie del genereFusidium Link (=Cylindrium Bon.) e si propone la combinazioneF. sericeum; ilP. griseum è sinonimo diG. candidum. IlP. sericeum var.conorum Sacc. rientra nel genereFusidium e si propone la nuova combinazioneF. conorum. IlP. chymophilum e ilP. saccardianum sono pure sinonimi diG. candidum. IlP. murinum, isolato in Brasile da un pesce del genereCarassius corrisponde aCylindrium heteronemum Sacc. e pertanto viene proposta la nuova combinazioneFusidium heteronemum (Sacc.)Cif. etCar. In conclusione viene riconvalidato il generePolyscytalum Riess emendandone la diagnosi.

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Summary The taxonomy of the arthrosporic genusPolyscytalum, as related toGeotrichum andCylindrium, is discussed. The study of the authentic material of a variety of the type species (Polyscytalum fecundissimum Riess var.macrosporum Riess) revealed the presence of a central septum, evident only by the phase contrast microscopy. The only species cultivated,P. murinum Oud., is butFusidium heteronemum (Sacc.) (=Cylindrium heteronemum Sacc.), at least in the Brazilian culture from the intestinal content of a fish. In additionP. griseum, P. chymophilum andP. saccardianum are synonyms ofGeotrichum candidum. ForP. sericeum andP. sericeum var.conorum the combinationsF. sericeum (Sacc.) andF. conorum (Sacc.) are proposed.In conclusion the genusPolyscytalum is re-validated, but the diagnosis emended.

     

Sporobolomyces salmonicolor var. fischerii,a new yeast

A new variety of Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, a basidiomycetous yeast isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a human case of meningitis has been described. The variety can be differentiated from the species primarily by its ability to assimilate D-galactose and L-arabinose.     

The colour-differences in Epipactis helleborine (L.) Cr. Wats. & Coult., and the selection of the genetical varieties by environment

Summary It was found that climatological environmental influences play an important rôle in the natural selection of the colour-varieties ofEpipactis helleborine (L)Cr., Wats. & Coult. on the island of Ameland (Netherlands.)Data were obtained from counts in open field of the frequency of the genetical colour varieties.Transplantation-investigations were made, which indicate that the white variety is more resistent to the environmental influences than the red-violet ones.Data were obtained concerning occurrence of self-pollination or allogamy ofEpipactis helleborine.A new variety var.alba Wr. was described.Some conclusions were drawn concerning the systematics ofEpipactis helleborine.Some cytological data were obtained in regard to the chromosomal composition. As basic chromosome number n=10 was found. The spreading-norm of the acidity in which the mycorrhiza can occur was investigated.     

THE FOUR-CELLED SPECIES OF GONIUM

Stein , Janet R. (U. California, Berkeley.) The four-celled species of Gonium. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(5): 366–371. Illus. 1959.—A review is given of the 4-celled species of Gonium O. F. Müller 1773 (Volvocales). From a study of clonal isolates, it has been possible to distinguish 2 distinct species, G. sociale (Dujardin) Warming 1876 and G. sacculiferum Scherffel 1904. The former may be divided further, on the basis of vegetative morphology and sexual reproduction, into 2 varieties: var. sociale and var. sacculum var. nov., and a possible third variety, var. majus Hansgirg 1888. A brief discussion of morphology and sexual reproduction (reported for the first time in G. sociale var. sacculum and G. sacculijerum) is presented as is a key to the species and varieties.     

又一种引致人体原发性皮肤毛霉病的非商温根毛霉属真菌

一年多以前,我们报道了一种引致人类原发性皮肤毛霉病的病原真菌Rm6并定名为多变根毛霉((Rhizomucor variabilis Zheng & G.-q. Chen)。最近我们又发现了它的另外一个变种Rm7。它是北京医科大学第一医院的王端礼教授分离的,原编菌号4873。Rm7的病人和Rm6的情况很相近。她也是一个女病人,来自农村,患的同样是原发性皮肤病而没有患有其他的毛霉病或其他疾病,她的病也没有传染给她的家人。不同的是,她来自我国北部的河北省而不是南部的江苏省;她的病史更长,达16年之久;她的病部在脸上而不是在手上,并造成进食困难。Rm7和Rm6的培养物相似,也是亮黄色,但比较低矮。它与Rm6一样是非高温真菌,最适、最高、最低温度同样分别是24-30, 38,和9℃形态上的亲缘性也是显而易见的:两者都有匍匐菌丝和较发达的假根;孢子枝也是假轴分枝;孢子囊壁也是缓慢消解;有很不规则形状的囊轴;有明显的囊领;都有大量厚垣孢子。Rm7与Rm6的主要区别在于:(1)假根只从匍匐菌丝和气生菌丝上长出而不从孢子枝、孢子囊或囊轴等各处长出;(2)孢子枝可连续分枝达7次之多;(3)孢子枝在分枝处往往有一个隔膜;(4)往往在10天以上的培养物中才出现不规则形状的囊轴;(5)从未见有囊托;(6)孢囊孢子形状较规则,较短而不超过11 μm;(7)孢子囊和囊轴均较小,直径相应不超过70及30 μm.因此,我们将Rm7鉴定为Rm6的一个变种,并定名为较规则多变根毛霉新变种(Rhizomucor variabilis var. regularior Zheng & G.-q. Chen var.nov.)。这样,在根毛霉属内可以承认的共计5种6分类群。     

Zur Cytotaxonomie vonArabis hirsuta agg. (Cruciferae). IV. Chromosomenzahlen vonA. sagittata (Bertol.) DC. undA. hirsuta (L.)Scop. s. str. aus Europa

Zusammenfassung A. sagittata (Bertol.) DC. von zehn Herkünften aus Europa ist mit 2 n=16 diploid.A. hirsuta (L.)Scop. s. str. einschließlich der sicherlich hierhergehörigen var.glaberrima Wahlenb. von 30 europäischen Herkünften ist mit 2 n=32 tetraploid; diploide Pflanzen konnten beiA. hirsuta s. str. nicht gefunden werden.

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Summary A. sagittata (Bertol.) DC. from 10 different places in Europe has 2 n=16 chromosomes and is diploid.A. hirsuta (L.)Scop. s. str., its var.glaberrima Wahlenb. being included, has been investigated from 30 provenances in Europe, it has the tetraploid chromosome number 2 n=32, diploid plants could not be found in this species.A. hirsuta var.glaberrima (2 n=32) is surely belonging toA. hirsuta s. str. and not toA. allionii (2 n=16).

     

基于叶绿体基因证据的民族药滇白珠复合群系统发育关系

滇白珠是我国重要的民族药用植物,广泛分布于长江以南地区,是一个分类困难的复合群。为了探讨其种下分类关系,该文对滇白珠复合群(包括毛滇白珠、秃果白珠和滇白珠3个变种)进行网罗式采样,基本覆盖了该复合群在中国的分布范围,同时包括菲律宾和马来西亚的各1个居群,共计81个居群241个个体,通过联合两个变异位点适中的叶绿体片段rpl33-psa J和trn L-rpl32,构建基于最大似然法(Maximum Likelihood)和贝叶斯法(Bayesian Inference)的系统发育树,以及Neighbor-Net法构建系统发育网络。结果表明:滇白珠复合群内具有明显的遗传差异,这种差异性相比形态,与地域分布相关性更大。系统发育分析显示,滇白珠复合群分为3个支系。其中:一支包括中国台湾和菲律宾南达沃的居群,为变种秃果白珠,符合前人分类结果;一支包括分布于横断山脉区域的居群,由变种毛滇白珠和滇白珠组成;剩余一支包括分布于华东南区域的居群,同样由变种毛滇白珠和滇白珠组成。分子证据支持基于形态分类的秃果白珠作为变种,而不支持毛滇白珠作为变种的处理。这样的遗传分化式样可能是由地理隔离导致,这一结果为民族药滇白珠的种质资源评价和保护利用奠定了分类学框架。然而,变种滇白珠居群间的谱系发生关系却尚未得到很好地解决,特别是无法明晰华东南大部分居群间的遗传分化格局,需要进一步补充样本通过谱系地理学手段,并寻找分辨率更高的核基因分子标记进行更深入的研究。     

Delimitation and classification ofBromus fasciculatus (Poaceae)

The syntypes ofBromus madritensis var.delilei Boiss. comprise two different elements: specimens ofB. haussknechtii Boiss. and ofB. fasciculatus C. Presl s.l. By its lectotypification and on the basis of new morphological characters, the validation ofB. fasciculatus subsp.delilei (Boiss.)H. Scholz 1971 was substantiated. This subspecies represents the eastern marginal segregate of the south-Mediterranean species.B. fasciculatus var.alexandrinus Thell. is a minor variant of the typical subspecies.Dedicated to Prof.K. H. Rechinger on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

A new variety of Nitzschia sinuata (W. Sm.) Grun. from North Wales,Great Britain

Summary A new taxon, Nitzschia sinuata, var. denticuloides, var. n. was found to occur sparingly in two freshwater springs of Newborough Warren, Anglesey, North Wales, Great Britain. These two springs were characterized by shallow waters, moderate temperature and high pH. Dysharmonious or idiotrophic nature of the water was evident from high calcium, sodium and chloride contents, as well as low phosphate and potassium contents. The algal community was found to be dominated by Cladophora fracta (Dillw.) Kuetz. bearing a vast population of epiphytic diatoms such as Epithemia and Achnanthes species.

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Zusammenfassung Eine neue Kieselalge, Nitzschia sinuata, var. denticuloides, var. n., ist in zwei Süsswasserquellen in Newborough Warren, Anglesey, Nord Wales, Grossbritannien spärlich verbreitet entdeckt worden. Diese beiden Quellen sind durch seichtes Wasser, milde Temperaturen und hohen pH Wert gekennzeichnet. Hohe Kalcium, Sodium und Chlorid Werte und niedrige Phosphat und Kalium Werte beweisen den dysharmonischen oder idiotrophen Charakter des Wassers. Die Algengesellschaft bestand hauptsächlich aus Cladophora fracta (Dillw.) Kuetz., dicht besetzt von epiphytischen Diatomeen wie Epithemia and Achnanthes Arten.

     

Sul presunto Endomyces albicans Vuillemin

Summary The micromorphology displayed by one north american strain (Illinois) of Manilia albicans is identical to the classical morphology of Endomyces albicans Vuill. or E. Vuillemini. From the study of the strain, the conclusion is that the very abundant and early production of acrogenous spherical, double-walled chlamidospores were considered as asci, only for the superficial analogy with true species of the Genus Endomyces. The original Vuilleminian strain, conserved up to-now appeared as one asporogenous, while no exhaustive proof of the original sporogenicity were presented by Vuillemin. In conclusion, our strain, with the Vuillemin's strain and E. Cruzi (and probably E. fulmonalis and E. bonaerensis) has been considered as a variety [var. Vuillemini (Landrieu ex Cast, et Chalm.) nobis] of Mycotorula albicans (Rob.) Lang. et Tal.     

Deuteromycetes from Jabalpur-I

Summary In the present paper twelve fungi belonging to the form class Deuteromycetes are described from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. Among these the new host records areMonochaetia carissae Munjal &Kapoor onCarissa spinarum L.,Pestalotia neglecta Thuem. onAtylosia scarabaeoides,Benth.,Pestalotia japonica Syd. onCelastrus paniculatus Willd.,Pestalotia theae Sawada var.minor Stey. onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze,Pestalotia versicolor Speg. onBuchanania lanzan Spreng.,Colletotrichum dematium (Pers. exFr.)Grove onAmorphophallus sp.,Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. &Mag.)Bri. &Cav. onCassia tora L.,Coniella diplodiella (Speg.)Petrak &Syd. on.Anogeissus latifolia Wall.,Hendersonula toruloidea Nattrass onPhilodendron bipinnatifidum Schott. andMyrothecium roridum Tode exFr. onCasearia tomentosa roxb. The above fungi include two species (Pestalotia neglecta Thuem. andPestalotia theae Sawada var.minor Stey.) which have been described for the first time from this country.Sphaeropsis tumefasciens Hedges onCitrus medica L. var.acida L. is a new record from this state; andExcipularia narsapurensis Subramanian, also a new record from the state, is reported for the first time on a named host.     

Contribution à la connaissance des Desmidiées du Congo belge

Résumé Le présent travail s'occupe de 85 Desmidiées, dont la plupart ont été trouvées dans le matériel que j'ai recueilli au Congo, à Stanley-Ville.Quant aux Micrasterias, ce genre a été étudié avant tout sur du matériel provenant des environs de Léopoldville et recueilli par les Docteurs W. Bervoets et Fr. Evens. Une partie des déterminations et des figures ont été faites par le Dr. Evens. Je l'en remercie ici tout spécialement.Les espèces et variétés traitées se répartissent comme suit:Des 85 espèces trouvées dans le matériel examiné, 76 sont nouvelles pour le Congo et 5 variétés sont décrites comme nouvelles pour la science. Ce sont: Pleurotaenium subcoronulatum (Turner) W. & G. S. West, var. maximum Euastrum malmei Borge, var. congolense Micrasterias tropica Nordstedt, var. ndjiliensis van Oye & Evens Cosmarium obsoletum Reinsch, var. glabra Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs, var. maxima De beaucoup d'espèces des données systématiques sont mentionées et discutées.La dispersion des différentes espèces est examinée là o\u on dispose d'assez de données.Enfin, des conclusions générales sont faites quand le matériel le permettait. En général, les données du travail permettent de confirmer les conclusions faites antérieurement.     

Morphological variability of the diatom Cyclotella atomus Hustedt var. atomus and C. atomus var. gracilis var. nov.

Cyclotella atomus collected from different rivers, reservoirs and lakes shows considerable morphological variability. On the basis of electronmicroscopic (EM) study, we propose Cyclotella atomus var. gracilis Genkal et Kiss as a new variety of this species. Cyclotella atomus var. atomus has short and long radial striae, which are irregularly arranged on the same valve, and the alveolar chambers are not clearly divided from the central, hyaline part of the valve face. In addition to the described basic form, several specimens with other features have also been found and are thought to belong to an undescribed variety. The striae of the new variety are equal in length, and the alveolar chambers are clearly divided from the hyaline central area of the valve face by a curved structure.There are EM micrographs on Cyclotella atomus var. gracilis under different names in different papers. The new variety has several characteristics also found in other species, e.g. Cyclotella caspia Grun., or C. meneghiniana Kütz.