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Au Mali la leishmaniose cutanée (LC) est bien décrite en milieu rural, mais sa transmission n’est pas encore établie en milieu urbain. L’objectif de l’étude était de décrire la faune phlébotomienne à Bamako et dans ses environs. Les pièges CDC et adhésifs servaient à collecter les phlébotomes en 2011 et 2012 à Bamako. Les pièges étaient placés dans le district de Bamako répartis en 30 zones (200 m × 200 m) à l’aide des images de satellite SPOT-5. La délimitation des zones était basée sur les facteurs écologiques (relief, hydrographie, couverture végétale) et anthropologiques (nature des maisons, dépôts d’ordure). Les pièges étaient placés en 2011 à Sotuba, zone périurbaine, puis à Donéguébougou et Banambani, deux villages environnants de Bamako. Au total 122 phlébotomes étaient collectés 27 (22,13 %) à Banambani, 12 (9,83 %) à Donéguébougou, 2 (1,63 %) à Sotuba et 81 (66,39 %) à Bamako. La densité des phlébotomes en novembre était plus élevée, avec 48 spécimens capturés (39,3 %), que celle d’avril, mai et décembre (p ≥ 0,001). A Bamako, les zones 6 et 28 étaient associées aux densités les plus élevées de phlébotomes respectivement 32 (26,22 %) et 23 (18,85 %) (p ≤ 0,005). Les résultats suggèrent que le genre Phlebotomus n’était pas présent à Bamako, et que la densité des vecteurs variait en fonction des zones et des mois.  相似文献   

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Résumé L'analyse de la structure fine des chromatides obtenue par dénaturation ménagée par la chaleur permet de rapporter un nouveau cas de trisomie pour le bras court du chromosome 9.Un nouvel examen, avec cette même technique, des cas précédemment publiés a permis d'identifier les chromosomes impliqués dans les diverses translocations familiales, de localiser les points de cassure et, par là, de préciser les diverses trisomies ou monosomies associées à la trisomie 9p observée chez les patients.La confrontation des données cytologiques ainsi recueillies et des données phénotypiques observées chez dix patients permet de dégager l'ensemble malformatif correspondant à la trisomie du bras court du chromosome 9 à savoir: Un syndrome dysmorphique: microcéphalie modérée, énophtalmie, obliquité en bas et en dehors des fentes palpébrales, hypertélorisme modéré, oreilles décollées, nez charnu, coins de la bouche tombants, hypoplasie de certaines phalanges. Une particularité des dermatoglyphes: pli palmaire transverse, absence ou fusion de b et c. Une débilité mentale sévère.
Giemsa-R-banding analysis of the trisomy 9p and report of a new case
Summary Analysis of the chromatid fine structure after heat denaturation led to the identification of another case of trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 9. Reexamination of cases already published by means of this technique permitted identification of the chromosomes involved in the various familial translocations, localization of the breakage sites, and, consequently, detailed statements on the respective trisomies or monosomies occurring in connection with trisomy 9p in the patients.Comparison of the chromosomal findings and the clinical phenotypes of 10 patients reveals that a characteristic clinical entity corresponds to the trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 9 consisting of the combination of the following features: A Malformation Syndrome. Moderate microcephaliy, enophthalmus, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, mild hypertelorism, protruding ears, globulous nose, downward slanting mouth hypoplasia of phalanges. A Peculiarity in the Dermal Ridge System. Transverse palamar flexion crease, absence of a digital triradius or fusion of the triradii b and c. Severe Mental Retardation.

Zusammenfassung Die Analyse der Feinstruktur der Chromatiden nach Hitzedenaturierung erlaubte die Identifizierung eines neuen Falles einer Trisomie des kurzen Armes von Chromosom 9. Die Nachuntersuchung bereits publizierter Fälle mit dieser Technik ermöglichte die Identifizierung der an den verschiedenen familiären Translokationen beteiligten Chromosomen, die Lokalisierung der Bruchstellen und damit auch genauere Angaben über die unterschiedlichen Trisomien oder Monosomien, die im Zusammenhang mit der bei den Patienten beobachteten Trisomie 9p auftraten.Die Gegenüberstellung der Chromosomenbefunde und der phänotypischen Merkmale bei 10 Patienten erlaubt die Angrenzung der folgenden Kombination klinischer Merkmale, die der Trisomie des kurzen Armes von Chromosom 9 entspricht: Ein Mißbildungssyndrom. Mäßige Mikrocephalie, Enophthalmie, schräg nach außen und unten gerichtete Lidachsenstellung, mäßiger Hypertelorismus, abstehende Ohren, fleischige Nase, abfallende Mundwinkel, Hypoplasie einiger Phalangen. Eine Eigentümlichkeit im Hautleisten- und-furchensystem. Transverse palmare Beugefurche, Fehlen eines digitalen Triradius oder Fusion der Triradien b und c. Schwere geistige Retardierung.


Maître de Recherches à l'Inserm.

Chargé de Recherches au C.N.R.S.  相似文献   

4.
Résumé Le microscope électronique à balayage montre l'existence d'un réseau complexe de microcrêtes à la surface de la vésicule vitelline et du sac péricardique de l'embryon de Poecilia reticulata. Cette étude permet également de préciser la localisation, l'aspect et la répartition des «cellules à chlorure» et de proposer un schéma tridimensionel de l'organisation infrastructurale de la paroi de la vésicule vitelline. Un choc osmotique détermine rapidement un mouvement d'étalement des cellules épithéliales sur la surface apicale libre des «cellules à chlorure». La signification de ces résultats est discutée en rapport avec le problème de l'osmorégulation embryonnaire chez les Poissons, en particulier chez les Cyprinodontes vivipares de la famille des Poeciliidae.
Ultrastructure of the yolk sac and pericardial sac surface in the embryo of the teleost Poecilia reticulata
Summary A complex network of microridges is revealed by scanning electron microscopical examination of the yolk sac and embryonic pericardial sac surface of Poecilia reticulata. This study also specifies the localization, aspect and distribution of the chloride cells. A tridimensional diagram of the ultrastructural organization of the yolk sac wall is suggested. Osmotic stress quickly induces an overlapping of adjacent epithelial cells on the free apical surface of the chloride cells. These findings are discussed in relation to the problem of embryonic osmoregulation in fishes and especially in viviparous Poeciliids.
Nous exprimons notre gratitude à Mme Neumann, Directeur du Laboratoire de Micropaléontologie de l'Université Paris VI, qui nous a permis d'utiliser le microscope électronique à balayage qui a servi à cette étude. Nos remerciements s'adressent aussi à Melle Aubry et à M. Saussé pour leur concours technique. — Les observations en microscopie électronique en transmission ont été effectuées au Laboratoire de Microscopie électronique appliquée à la Biologie du C.N.R.S.  相似文献   

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Technetium99m (99mTc) shortage crisis regularly affect nuclear medicine activity and oblige the community to find solutions in order to perform most of the prescribed exams and avoid systematic substitutions by other non-nuclear medicine techniques. Firstly, some practical solutions can be set up in radiopharmacy departments such as using more than two generators together, realizing fractionated elutions, preparing radiopharmaceuticals with elutions providing from different generators… Then, it could be interesting to have a reflexion in nuclear medicine departments to convene patients the days when 99mTc supply is sufficient, to pool some exams or to make substitutions with more available isotopes.  相似文献   

7.

Purpose

To assess clinical and therapeutic aspects of penile urethral fistula following circumcision in our daily urological practice.

Patients and methods

We carried out a retrospective study of cases of penile fistula between 1990 and 2007.

Results

A series of 85 cases is reported. The mean age was 10.7 years (15 months-38 months). The circumcision was performed by paramedical persons in the majority of cases. The mean period elapsing before consultation was 4.1 ± 5.3 years (range: 1 week-28 years). The fistula was associated with partial amputation of the glans penis in one case, and with urethral meatus stenosis in three cases. The surgical treatment was layered repair in the majority of cases. The average follow-up was 3.35 years (range: 2 months-8 years). Overall results were satisfactory in 81.2% of cases.

Conclusions

Penile fistula due to circumcision is common in our region. Its management is codified but there is a significant risk of failure, making prevention even more important.  相似文献   

8.
Bacterial interspersed mosaic elements (or BIMEs) are repeated sequences identified in several enterobacterial genomes. BIMEs are a mosaic combination of small sequence motifs. It has been estimated that 500 BIMEs are scattered over the bacterial genome. BIMEs have been identified in several enterobacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella sp. and relatives of these bacteria. BIME function is not known, but their interactions with specific proteins (DNA polymerase I, gyrase and integration host factor) suggest that they could be involved in functional organization of bacterial chromosomes. Four other families of interspersed repetitive sequences have been shown to exist in a variety of bacterial genomes. Like BIMEs, these sequences are rather small, contain a region of dyad symmetry, and are found in extragenic locations. Unlike BIMEs, IRU (or ERIC), box C sequences and RSA sequences occur in enterobacteria but also in other Gram-negative bacteria.  相似文献   

9.
Jacques Figier 《Planta》1969,87(4):275-289
Summary Isolated young leaves of Mercurialis annua L. are successively fed with solutions of tritiated glycine and cold glycine. A radioautographic study of the cells of the petiolary glands shows sites of synthesis and translocation of proteins. Synthesis takes place in mitochondria, plastids, nucleus and ergastoplasm, including a very important part of the latter which contains big inclusions partly formed from proteins. Then, while mitochondria, plastids and nucleus remain radioactive, the newly formed proteins of the ergastoplasm successively pass to golgi bodies and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, to membranous whorls (myelin figures) and finally to external secretions. Since we know that golgi bodies contain polysaccharides, a role of these organelles might be to bind the newly formed proteins to these polysaccharides.

Ce travail fait partie d'une thèse de doctorat d'Etat sur la cyto-physiologie des nectaires.  相似文献   

10.
Resume Les expériences ont porté sur des lapins repartis en deux groupes parallèles — un groupe étant traité avec des aéroions négatifs en concentrations moderées (n = 10 – 40.000; n+ = 1.000) et l'autre sans aéroionothérapie (témoins). Par rapport aux animaux témoins (pas exposés aux aéroions),on a enregistré,sous l'influence de l'aéroionothérapie, que: (1)il y a une tendence de normalisation de la motilité spontanée, deprimée par une alimentation contenant un excès de cholestérol(0,3 g/kg/jour); (2) la lipémie et la cholestérolémie sont restées à un niveau plus bas chez les animaux alimentés au cholestérol; (3) la lipémie et la cholestérolémie, de même que l'iode thyroïdien, sont restées aux valeurs voisines de celles normales,chez les animaux nourris avec un excès (20 mg/kg/jour), de substances antithyroïdiennes naturelles (provenant du chou).
Groups of rabbits were exposed to negative air ions of moderate concentrations (n = 10 – 40,000; n+ = 1,000) while others served as controls. (1) When rabbits were fed a cholesterol-rich diet (0.3 g/kg/day)causing reduction of motility in the control animals, their motility was normalized under air ion treatment. (2) The blood cholesterol and lipid levels of rabbits on a cholesterol-rich diet were lower with air ion treatment than in controls.(3) When rabbits were fed a diet with thyroid blocking agents from cabbage the blood cholesterol and lipid levels and the thyroid iodine content remained unchanged with air ion treatment.

Zusammenfassung Gruppen Kaninchen wurden mit negativen Luftionen in mässigen Konzentrationen (n = 100 000 – 40 000; n+ = 1 000) behandelt, während andere als Kontrollen dienten. (1) Die durch Fütterung von cholesterinreicher Diät (0,3 g/kg/Tag) verminderte Motilität der Tiere wurde unter der Luftionenbehandlung normalisiert. (2) Der durch Fütterung von cholesterinreicher Diät erhöhte Blutcholesterin- und-fettspiegel fiel durch Luftionenbehandlung ab. (3) Der durch Fütterung von strumipriven Substanzen aus Kohl erhöhte Cholesterin- und Fettspiegel im Blut und verminderte Jodgehalt der Schilddrüse wurde durch Luftionenbehandlung nicht beeinflusst.
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Summary Anacanthotermes ochraceus (Burgmeister), in the oasis of Béni-Abbès (Sahara) will establish its colonies only in the low eathern garden walls and in the clay and straw walls of the houses, where it can find both the water and the malleable clayed materials it requires.Soil analyses have given information on the physico-chemical characteristics of some of the termitaria and of the surrounding sand-hill.The organic matter in the termitarium comes both from the soil and the excrement of the termite. It is high in carbon and low in nitrogen (C/N=2,5), and its mineralization in the présense of gravitational water may result in a loss of mobilizable elements such as the bases.Both the Ph and the aeration of the termitarium favour the mineralization of nitrogenous waste material by bacterial agency.The distribution of calcium carbonate and the condition in which it occurs are more important than the total amount present on account of the part it plays in the texture and structure of the materials, of which the termitarium is composed.A statistical granulometric study of the sand fraction with the results expressed as polar coordinates enables, in comparison with those obtained by mechanical analysis, the texture of the materials colonised byAnacanthotermes ochraceus (Burgmeister) to be defined.
Zusammenfassung In der Oase Béni-Abbés (Sahara) gründen dieAnacanthotermes ochraceus (Burgmeister) ihre Kolonien nur in den Wänden der Gärten und in den Mauern der Wohnungen. Dort finden sie das nötige Wasser und die tonigen Plastikmaterialien.Die Bodenanalysen geben Auskunft über einige der characteristichen physikalischchemischen Eigenschaften der Materialien in der Termitenbauten und in dem benachbartem Erg.Das organische Material in den Termitenbauten stammt einerseits aus dem Boden und andererseits aus den Ausscheidungen der Termiten. Reich an Kohlenstoff und arm an Stickstoff (C/N=2,5) kann seine Mineralisation, in Gegenwart von gravifischem Wasser, einen Verlust von einsatzfähigen Elementen, wie den Laugen, nach sich ziehen.Die Bedingungen des Ph und der Belüftung der Termitenbauten sind günstig für eine Mineralisation der stikstoffhaltigen Abfallstoffe auf bakteriellem Wege.Die Verteilung und die Beschaffenheit des CO3Ca sind dort wichtiger als ihre Gesamtauswertung. Der Grund dafür ist die Rolle, die sie auf der Ebene der Textur und des Aufbaus der Materialen in den Termitenbauten spielen.Die Untersuchung der sandigen Bruchstücke durch die granulometrischen Statistiken in Polarkoordinaten, verglichen mit den Ergebnissen der granulometrischen Analyse, erlauben eine Erklärung der Textur der mit Beschlag belegten kolonisierten Materialen durch dieAnacanthotermes ochraceus (Burgmeister).
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ObjectivesUntil now, the effectiveness of sentinel lymph-node biopsy (SLNB) has only been demonstrated for the detection of axillary lymphatic involvement in early breast cancer (cT1N0). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the detection of an extra-axillary internal mammary sentinel lymph node (SLN), using peritumoral injection of radiolabelled nanocolloids (NC), can lead to a modification in management for these patients.Materials and methodsA total of 538 consecutives SLNB was analysed from a cohort of 529 patients. Peri- and infratumoral injections of radiolabelled NC were made under ultrasound control.ResultsA SLN was identified on 524 occasions, 147 (28.1%) of which were located in the internal mammary chain (IMC). In 10 cases, the SLN in the IMC was not associated with an axillary SLN. One hundred and thirty-five surgical biopsies of the IMC SLN were performed without significant morbidity. Sixteen patients demonstrated local involvement of an IMC SLN, which on seven occasions was isolated to this region. For six of these patients, the finding of SLN involvement led to a recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy. For 308 patients, for lack of IMC involvement, the adjuvant IMC radiotherapy could have been avoided (i.e.: 95% of the theoretical indications for adjuvant radiotherapy).ConclusionsPeritumoral injection of radiolabelled NC, associated with a systematic IMC SLN biopsy, enabled the rationalisation of management in patients with stage cT1 breast cancer and did not affect the usual performance of the technique nor led to a significant increase in morbidity. The long-term survival and morbidity outcomes of these therapeutic modifications, particularly with regards to radiotherapy, will need to be demonstrated.  相似文献   

13.
Résumé Les auteurs ont isolé plus de 700 souches de bactéries lactiques à partir de raisins, de moûts, de vins de diverses origines et à différents stades de conservation. Ils étudient ici 253 souches de bacilles hétérofermentaires, dans le but d'établir une classification simple et un catalogue permettant un repérage facile des souches.Il est commode de classer les souches d'après la fermentation des pentoses, en raison de la netteté de ces tests, alors que parfois ceux appliqués à d'autres sucres ont des caractères moins tranchés. On retrouve alors la classification qui avait été déjà donnée par Vaughn, Douglas et Fornachon en 1949.Les bacilles pentoses négatifs (26 souches) forment l'espèce Lactobacillus fructivorans. Ceux qui font fermenter seulement l'arabinose (4 souches) ou seulement le xylose (155 souches) correspondent respectivement à Lactobacillus desidiosus et à Lactobacillus hilgardii. L'espèce Lactobacillus brevis comprend les bacilles pentoses positifs (68 souches).
A study of two hundred and fifty strains of lactic acid bacteria
Summary The authors have isolated more than 700 strains of lactic acid bacteria found in grapes, musts and wines of various origins and at different states of conservation. They study in this work 253 strains of heterofermentative bacilli in order to work out a classification and a catalogue allowing easy identification of the strains.It is convenient to classify the strains from the fermentation of pentoses, on account of the accuracy of these tests, tests on other sugars having sometimes less specific characters. The results are consistant with the classification already established by Vaughn, Douglas and Fornachon in 1949.Pentose negative bacilli (26 strains) constitute the species Lactobacillus fructivorans. The ones which ferment only arabinose (4 strains) or only xylose (155 strains) correspond to Lactobacillus desidiosus and Lactobacillus hilgardii. The pentose positive strains (68) belong to the species Lactobacillus brevis.
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14.
《Médecine Nucléaire》2022,46(4):183-190
IntroductionThe extracellular deposits of major senile plaques composed of Aβ proteins and intracellular degenerations or neurofibrillary degenerations (NFD) made up of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These characteristic lesions develop well before the first symptoms. NFD lesions seem to correlate with clinical symptomatology and allow Alzheimer's disease to be classified into neuropathological stages. In this study, we wanted to compare metabolic activity and NFD density by molecular imaging in a small cohort of subjects.Materials and methodsIn this study we evaluated the binding profile (brain density and distribution) of tau aggregates using [18F] – AV-1451 ([18F] -T807 or flortaucipir) PET in a group of 7 patients with clinical diagnosis of AD or related neurodegenerative pathology but with a very variable evolutionary profile (MMS between 15 and 25). All subjects also underwent a [18F] – FDG PET scan to assess their neuronal metabolic activity. For each subject, [18F] – T807 binding intensity and degree of hypometabolism were visually quantified in 5 levels for each predefined cortical region.ResultsFour subjects had a hypometabolic pattern supporting their diagnosis and which, moreover, was consistent with the distribution of NFD, however with slightly more extensive NFD lesions, particularly in the occipital region. One subject had neither hypometabolism nor a significant NFD array. One subject had predominantly hypometabolism in the frontotemporal cortex without significant lesion of DNF. The 7th subject presented diffuse cortical hypometabolism with few NFD lesions.ConclusionDespite a limited number of subjects, results seem to confirm the close link between the presence of the NFD lesions visible on tau PET imaging and neurodegeneration in AD.  相似文献   

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Absence of the vas deferens is a rare cause of male infertility, associated with mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene in about 80% of cases. Only limited published data are available concerning the correlation between genotype and reproductive tract abnormalities observed in this disease: presence or absence of seminal vesicles and parts of the epididymis, symmetrical or asymmetrical lesions, testicular volumes. We screened 47 patients for the 13 most common CFTR mutations on the cystic fibrosis gene and for the 5-thymidine variant of the polythymidine tract of intron 8. Renal, scrotal and transrectal ultrasonography was performed in each patient to explore the testes and reproductive tract. All patients presented absence of the ampullae of the vas deferens. Forty patients presented bilateral absence of the vas deferens and 7 presented unilateral absence of the vas deferens. At least one mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene was present in 64% of cases: 47% had the ΔF 508 mutation and 63% had the 5T allele. No mutation was detected in seventeen patients, including 3 patients with unilateral renal agenesis and 3 patients with unilateral absence of the vas deferens. No differences were observed for seminal vesicles and symmetry of vesicular and epididymal abnormalities between patients with or without CFTR gene mutations, but epididymal abnormalities were significantly more frequent in the group without mutation (p=0.01). Testicular volumes were significantly lower in the patients without mutation or with the 5T allele only, than in the patients with at least one CFTR gene mutation: 10.7±4.1 ml versus 15.1±4.5 ml, respectively (p<0.001). In conclusion, in cases of isolated absence of the vas deferens, there is no difference in sperm duct abnormalities between patients with or without CFTR gene mutation. These results suggest that other genetic or environmental determinants are required to explain a common pathogenesis for these malformations. The decreased testicular volume of patients without CFTR gene mutation or with the 5T allele only suggests the existence of an unidentified secretory or mixed factor involved in these forms of absence of the vas deferens.  相似文献   

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Résumé Au cours de 7 passages du virus de la polyèdrose nucléaire deAutographa californica Speyer surSpodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) par la méthode d'ingestion libre des polyèdres il n'a pas été possible d'adapter ce virus à son nouvel h?te. Par contre les passages successifs du virus étranger permettent au virus occulte du nouvel h?te de se révéler, transformant ainsi la maladie latente en une infection caractérisée.
Summary Adaptation of theAutographa californica Speyer nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Baculovirus) by successive passages of orally fed inclusion bodies, in a new host (Spodoptera littoralis) (Boisd) was unsuccessful. It is demonstrated, by using biochemical identification methods as well as specificity difference indices, that the occult virus ofS. littoralis is stressed by the artificial infection of theA. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Thus it seems that NPV's are more stable than sometimes is suggested as far as natural routes of infection are used in the experimentation.
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19.
A. Mirimanoff 《Protoplasma》1953,42(2):250-260
Résumé Le présent travail expose quelles sont les réactions de la cellule végétale lorsque cette dernière est soumise à l'association d'un toxique et d'un « mouillant » (Netzmittel).Les variables sont: la nature de la cellule végétale, celle du toxique et celle du mouillant.Alors que les mouillants cationiques, eux-mêmes toxiques, exercent une simple action additive, les mouillants anioniques révèlent dans de nombreux cas une synergie de toxicité. Celle-ci se manifeste surtout avec les champignons et les bactéries Gram+, les végétaux supérieurs se montrant indifférents. Cette synergie varie également avec la structure moléculaire du mouillant.Les mouillants non ioniques peuvent au contraire exercer une action antagoniste, c'est-à-dire diminuer la toxicité.Ce dernier phénomène se produit dans certains cas à la suite d'une réaction chimique entre le mouillant et le toxique; la nature de la cellule est alors indifférente. Dans d'autres cas, il y a absence de réaction chimique et le phénomène ne se produit qu'avec certains types de cellules (champignons surtout).La nature chimique du toxique joue, dans la synergie, un rôle moins important que dans l'antagonisme.Des hypothèses sont formulées pour tenter d'élucider le mécanisme des cas de synergie et d'antagonisme.  相似文献   

20.
A Laberge  P M Bernard  L Bernard 《CMAJ》1988,138(9):824-826
To estimate the incidence of fracture of the proximal end of the femur in people aged 50 years or older living in the Quebec area in 1971, 1976 and 1981 we determined the number of admissions for such fractures to the 15 acute care hospitals in the region. From 1971 to 1981 the number of fractures increased by 71%; the increases for those aged 75 to 84 years and 85 years or over were 98% and 118% respectively. The variation is only partly explained by changes in sex and age distribution of the population; the incidence rates also increased. Among men aged 75 to 84 years the incidence rate per 1000 person-years rose from 2.63 in 1971 to 5.22 in 1981, an increase of 98%; the corresponding figures for men aged 85 years or more were 9.76 and 16.91, an increase of 73%. Among women aged 75 to 84 years the rate rose from 7.28 to 8.81, an increase of 21%; the corresponding figures for women aged 85 years or more were 20.40 and 24.27, an increase of 21% and 19% respectively.  相似文献   

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