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蒺藜苜蓿全基因组中WRKY转录因子的鉴定与分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
宋辉  南志标 《遗传》2014,36(2):152-168
WRKY基因家族是植物基因组内一类重要的转录因子, 参与植物许多生理生化过程, 如植物发育、代谢以及生物和非生物胁迫。目前, 已在多种植物中鉴定出WRKY基因家族, 但是关于蒺藜苜蓿(Medicago truncatula L.) WRKY基因家族的系统分析鲜有报道。文章利用生物信息学方法, 从蒺藜苜蓿全基因组中共鉴定出93个WRKY基因, 包括81个标准的WRKY基因(19个Ⅰ型基因, 49个Ⅱ型基因以及13个Ⅲ型基因)和12个非标准类型的WRKY基因。对这些WRKY基因进行了基因重复、染色体定位、基因结构、保守基序和系统进化等方面的分析。蒺藜苜蓿WRKY基因家族中最近共发生了11次基因重复事件, 共涉及24个基因, 占全部WRKY基因的26%。染色体物理定位分析表明, 蒺藜苜蓿WRKY基因在染色体上呈不均匀分布, 存在6个基因簇。对WRKY Ⅲ型基因的进化分析表明, 它们在长期的进化过程中受纯化选择压力。  相似文献   

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Nitrate transporters received little attention to legumes probably because these species are able to adapt to N starvation by developing biological N2 fixation. Still it is important to study nitrate transport systems in legumes because nitrate intervenes as a signal in regulation of nodulation probably through nitrate transporters. The aim of this work is to achieve a molecular characterization of nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) and NAR2 (NRT3) families to allow further work that would unravel their involvement in nitrate transport and signaling. Browsing the latest version of the Medicago truncatula genome annotation (v4 version) revealed three putative NRT2 members that we have named MtNRT2.1 (Medtr4g057890.1), MtNRT2.2 (Medtr4g057865.1) and MtNRT2.3 (Medtr8g069775.1) and two putative NAR2 members we named MtNAR2.1 (Medtr4g104730.1) and MtNAR2.2 (Medtr4g104700.1). The regulation and the spatial expression profiles of MtNRT2.1, the coincidence of its expression with that of MtNAR2.1 and MtNAR2.2 and the size of the encoded protein with 12 transmembrane (TM) spanning regions strongly support the idea that MtNRT2.1 is a nitrate transporter with a major contribution to the high‐affinity transport system (HATS), while a very low level of expression characterized MtNRT2.2. Unlike MtNRT2.1, MtNRT2.3 showed a lower level of expression in the root system but was expressed in the shoots and in the nodules thus suggesting an involvement of the encoded protein in nitrate transport inside the plant and/or in nitrate signaling pathways controlling post‐inoculation processes that govern nodule functioning.  相似文献   

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The nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) gene family accounts for the largest number of known disease resistance genes, and is one of the largest gene families in plant genomes. We have identified 333 nonredundant NBS-LRRs in the current Medicago truncatula draft genome (Mt1.0), likely representing 400 to 500 NBS-LRRs in the full genome, or roughly 3 times the number present in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Although many characteristics of the gene family are similar to those described on other plant genomes, several evolutionary features are particularly pronounced in M. truncatula, including a high degree of clustering, evidence of significant numbers of ectopic translocations from clusters to other parts of the genome, a small number of more evolutionarily stable NBS-LRRs, and numerous truncations and fusions leading to novel domain compositions. The gene family clearly has had a large impact on the structure of the genome, both through ectopic translocations (potentially, a means of seeding new NBS-LRR clusters), and through two extraordinarily large superclusters. Chromosome 6 encodes approximately 34% of all TIR-NBS-LRRs, while chromosome 3 encodes approximately 40% of all coiled-coil-NBS-LRRs. Almost all atypical domain combinations are in the TIR-NBS-LRR subfamily, with many occurring within one genomic cluster. This analysis shows the gene family not only is important functionally and agronomically, but also plays a structural role in the genome.  相似文献   

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Itoh J  Hibara K  Sato Y  Nagato Y 《Plant physiology》2008,147(4):1960-1975
Members of the Class III homeodomain leucine zipper (Class III HD-Zip) gene family are central regulators of crucial aspects of plant development. To better understand the roles of five Class III HD-Zip genes in rice (Oryza sativa) development, we investigated their expression patterns, ectopic expression phenotypes, and auxin responsiveness. Four genes, OSHB1 to OSHB4, were expressed in a localized domain of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), the adaxial cells of leaf primordia, the leaf margins, and the xylem tissue of vascular bundles. In contrast, expression of OSHB5 was observed only in phloem tissue. Plants ectopically expressing microRNA166-resistant versions of the OSHB3 gene exhibited severe defects, including the ectopic production of leaf margins, shoots, and radialized leaves. The treatment of seedlings with auxin quickly induced ectopic OSHB3 expression in the entire region of the SAM, but not in other tissues. Furthermore, this ectopic expression of OSHB3 was correlated with leaf initiation defects. Our findings suggest that rice Class III HD-Zip genes have conserved functions with their homologs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but have also acquired specific developmental roles in grasses or monocots. In addition, some Class III HD-Zip genes may regulate the leaf initiation process in the SAM in an auxin-dependent manner.  相似文献   

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植物中逆境反应相关的WRKY转录因子研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李冉  娄永根 《生态学报》2011,31(11):3223-3231
WRKY转录因子是植物体内一类比较大的转录因子家族,它在植物的生长发育以及抗逆境反应中起着非常重要的作用。本文综述了WRKY转录因子在植物应对冻害、干旱、盐害等非生物胁迫与病原菌、虫害等生物胁迫反应中的重要调控功能,并概括了WRKY转录因子在调控这些逆境反应中的机制。  相似文献   

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