Relations of Bromine,Iron, Rubidium,Strontium, and Zinc Content to Morphometric Parameters in Pediatric and Nonhyperplastic Young Adult Prostate Glands

The variation with age of the Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values?±?standard error of the mean (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet-mass basis) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Br—10.5?±?1.3, Fe—28.6?±?4.1, Rb—3.05?±?0.27, Sr—0.42?±?0.08, and Zn—32.9?±?3.2. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Br—5.60?±?0.57, Fe—19.3?±?1.6, Rb—3.50?±?0.28, Sr—0.24?±?0.03, and Zn—113?±?10. Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium, and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4?±?2.6, 20.4?±?1.7, and 4.45?±?0.94, respectively, versus 46.5?±?2.5, 38.5?±?1.9, and 14.9?±?1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. A significant positive correlation between the prostatic Zn and percent volume of both glandular epithelium (r?=?0.573, p?≤?0.001) and glandular lumen (r?=?0.725, p?≤?0.001) was found. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Zn accumulation, and that the stroma is a main pool of Br and Fe accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 14 to 30 years. It was concluded that the Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Cinema Itself: Cinephobia,Filmic Anxieties,and Ontologies of the Moving Image in Pakistan

Anxieties over the particular ontology and materiality of the film image—rather than moral concerns over the co-mingling of bodies in the built and social space of the cinema—have been addressed by two formative figures in the philosophy of Pakistan as a political and religious idea: Muhammad Iqbal and Syed Abul A'la Maududi. Their arguments provide two divergent examples of the ways in which the permissibility of film in Pakistan has been expressed. This essay is driven by such instances in which the epistemology—and in some cases permissibility—of technological objects is negotiated via their very ontology.     

Distribution of blood antigens A, B, and D, in the population of Bogotá (Analysis of 30,000 samples)

As tested by anti-A and anti-B sera, blood drawn from 30,000 inhabitans of Bogotá, Colombia, showed the following phenotype percentages: A — 26.5, B — 8.0, AB — 1.1, and O — 64.4. The allele frequencies were: A — 0.150, B — 0.048, and O — 0.802. In the same samples anti-D (Rh₀) was used: 94.6% of the individuals carried the D antigen. All bloods were typed with fresh commercial sera. No back-typing was performed. Hemolytic disease of the newborn, caused by Rh-Hr isoimmunization, is more frequent (0.40%) in Bogotá than should be expected for a population having only (5.4%) or less “Rh negative” individuals. This paradoxical fact was observed in the analysis of 12,672 deliveries in an obstetrical hospital of Bogotá. A possible explanation could be the multiparity of Colombian women since the possibility of isoimmunization and hemolytic disease increases with each succeeding pregnancy in a given woman. Also it is well established that when Rh-Hr incompatibility is combined with ABO incompatibility, it is less apt to produce disease than when it occurs alone. AO isoimmunization should therefore be less frequent in Bogotá than in populations that have a higher frequency of A individuals. Thus, the women of Bogotá are less “protected” from Rh-Hr immunization by ABO incompatibility.     

西藏台错古湖晚第四纪轮藻类及其生态环境、气候变化探讨

西藏台错TT-1剖面厚369 cm,为一套碳酸盐粘土和粘土碳酸盐沉积,地层测年为41.4-4.5 ka,含丰富的轮藻化石,分属于11个轮藻植物群,群落所在地层的碳酸盐和钙质含量分别为80％和33％.从老到新(剖面自下而上):①41.4-26.64 ka(369-319 cm),处于末次冰期间冰阶MIS3a暖期,湖区气候...     

葡萄碘泡虫、似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫的鉴别及系统发育

葡萄碘泡虫Myxobolus acinosus Nie & Li, 1973、似葡萄碘泡虫Myxobolus pseudoacinosus Guo, et al., 2018和茄形碘泡虫Myxobolus toyamai Kudo, 1917形态非常相似, 有着共同的宿主和相同的寄生部位, 是病原鉴定中容易混淆的种。文章基于形态学和18S rRNA基因信息对三者进行了鉴别和分子系统学研究。成熟孢子形态特征的比较分析显示, 三者形态存在显著差异。葡萄碘泡虫与似葡萄碘泡虫18S rDNA序列相似度为98.4—98.8%, 遗传距离为0.013—0.020; 葡萄碘泡虫与茄形碘泡虫18S rDNA序列相似度为96.1—97.2%, 遗传距离为0.038—0.042; 似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫18S rDNA序列相似度为96.4—97.6%, 遗传距离为0.033—0.040。18S rDNA序列比对显示, 葡萄碘泡虫含有15个关键变异位点, 可将该虫与似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫区分; 似葡萄碘泡虫含有5个关键变异位点, 可将该虫与葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫区分; 茄形碘泡虫含有33个关键变异位点可将该虫与葡萄碘泡虫和似葡萄碘泡虫区分。18S rRNA二级结构V4区的E23-2构型可将葡萄碘泡虫与似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫区分, 而V7区的H43构型可将茄形碘泡虫与葡萄碘泡虫和似葡萄碘泡虫区分。以上表明, 三者无论在形态上还是在遗传上均具有独立物种的特征。系统发育分析显示, 葡萄碘泡虫、似葡萄碘泡虫和茄形碘泡虫为系统树中分化较晚的一支。     

铜、汞、镉、六六六和对硫磷对食蚊鱼生长的影响

对2日龄的食蚊鱼仔鱼的急性毒性,96小时LC50是:铜,0.28毫克/升;汞,0.58亳克/升;镉,10.2毫克/升;六六六(丙体),0.53毫克/升;对硫磷,0.3毫克/升。依据20天的生长数据求得的铜、镉和对硫磷的最大允许毒物浓度分别是0.015—0.030、0.005—0.010和0.0015—0.0030毫克/升,相应的应用系数分别为0.05—0.1、0.0005—0.0009和0.005—0.01。       

The Detailed Conformational Study of a Leukotriene Antagonist,FPL-55712, using High-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Abstract

High-field proton magnetic resonance measurements at 400 MHz and 600 MHz allowed the evaluation of the preferred conformations of a leukotriene antagonist, FPL-55712. The experiments involved an analysis of proton-proton coupling constants, longitudinal relaxation time data and nuclear Overhauser effect experiments. The NMR parameters confirm the conformational features expected from X-ray and microwave data for related substances, such as rotational freedom about C14—C15 and C15—C16, synperiplanar arrangements for C7—C8—O—C14 and C16—O—C17—C18 and segmental motion in the propyl side chains.     

Changing patterns of sediment accumulation in a small lake in Scania,southern Sweden

Bioassays with water of eutrophic Lake Tjeukemeer were carried out in the laboratory, and, in the lake itself, by placing plexiglass tubes (? 9 cm) firmly in the mud. In the laboratory nitrogen had a strong growth-promoting effect on the concentrations of chlorophyll a, N-cell and COD-cell. In the bioassays in situ nitrogen increased the concentration of chlorophyll a, but not those of cellular N and cellular COD. It is argued that chlorophyll a is not a good indicator for algal growth in bioassays and that the extrapolation of laboratory experiments — where nitrogen limited algal growth — to the field situation — where light limited algal growth — often leads to erroneous results, especially in shallow eutrophic lakes. The main reason is probably that in bioassays in the laboratory the nutrient supply — both from external loading and from sediments — is often different and that processes like denitrification occur in the lake, but not in the bioassays.     

Digest: Fossils,evolutionary models,and diatoms*

Adaptation to new environments by organisms has been and is of much interest in scientific research. Does the diatom lineage Stephanodiscus niagarae/yellowstonensis follow models compatible with adaptation to a new environment? Voje (2019) shows that in this lineage, none of the current models tested—decelerated evolution, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, and random walk—fully explained how multiple traits—valve diameter, the number of costae, and spines per valve—evolved. More accurate models are needed to understand the evolutionary history of these diatoms.     

Die Zone desDactylioceras tenuicostatum (Toarcien,Lias) in NW- und SW-Deutschland

Close paleontological examination of core —material from recent oil —wells and of rock —samples from outcrops in NW and SW Germany has made it possible to establish for this region the zone ofDactylioceras tenuicostatum (Young & Bird), the basal ammonite —zone of the Upper Liassic (Toarcien), and to define it stratigraphically. This means that the presence of this zone has now been stated for the whole area of the West-European liassic shelf, i. e., from southern Sweden to Portugal. Locally, the leading ammonites are accompanied by well preserved microfaunes which —still showing strong affinities to the fauna of the upper Domérien —contain already some species that might prove to be useful index fossils.     

Haraway's monsters. Review of simians,cyborgs, and women,the reinvention of nature,by Donna J. Haraway. New York,Routledge, 1991, x + 287 pp., $55.000, cloth, $16.95, paperback

Inhabiting these pages are odd boundary creatures—simians, cyborgs, and women—all of which have had a destabilizing place in the great Western evolutionary, technological, and biological narratives. These boundary creatures are, literally, monsters.     

Ontogeny of the cricket Phaeophilacris bredoides Kaltenbach (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)

Development of Phaeophilacris bredoides Kalt. was studied under stable laboratory conditions: temperature of 26°C, air humidity 60%, and 12L: 12D photoperiod (Knyazev, 1985). The life cycle of Ph. bredoides includes four stages: egg, pronymph, nymph, and adult. The duration of embryonic development is 28 days. The nymphal ontogeny lasts 230 days and consists of 25 instars. The duration of nymphal instars (days) is: 1st—16, 2nd—6, 3rd—8, 4th—10, 5th—10, 6th—15, 7th—10, 8th—8, 9th—9, 10th—11, 11th—11, 12th—8, 13th—9, 14th—10, 15th—7, 16th—9, 17th—7, 18th—7, 19th—7, 20th—10, 21st—11, 22nd—7, 23rd—9, 24th—6, and 25th—9. The duration of adult life is 126 days in males and 125 days in females. Three periods were distinguished in the imaginal ontogeny of males and females: pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive. The pre-reproductive period begins with the molt to the adult and ends with the onset of reproductive behavior in males and with the first copulation in females. Its duration is 4 (3–6) days in males and 5 (2–7) days in females. The reproductive period in males starts with the onset of reproductive behavior on the 4th (3rd–6th) day and lasts 119 (98–135) days. In females it begins when they start responding to males’ courtship behavior and lasts 116 (97–133) days. The female reproductive period includes two alternating phases: copulation and egg-laying. The egg-laying phase is initiated by successful copulation. The post-reproductive period in females starts when oviposition ceases and in males, when their reproductive behavior disappears. This period lasts about 3 (2–3) days in males and 4 (2–7) days in females, until the insect dies.     

Roadside Topsoil Concentrations of Lead and Other Heavy Metals in Ibadan,Nigeria

Concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, and Ni were determined in roadside topsoil collected from locations of varied vehicular traffic densities in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria, with a view to determining the level of contamination and the contribution of traffic density. Levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu were elevated above background concentrations measured in control areas. Average values (ppm) for all sample locations were Pb — 81±140; Zn — 48±37; Cd — 0.55±0.49; Cu — 17±17; Cr — 22.1±9.6; Co — 7.9±3.8; Ni — 10.5±9.7. Factors of accumulation of metals in roadsides relative to control sites were highest for Pb. Vehicular traffic was not an important source of chromium, cobalt and nickel, for which roadside concentrations were about those of the control sites. Metal concentrations were poorly correlated with traffic volumes. An average of about 60% of total soil concentration of the metals were determined to be held in bioavailable geochemical phases, of which the highest concentrations were mostly held in either the reducible or oxidizable phase. Levels of the metals in the topsoil were generally lower than the soil quality criteria of some developed countries.     

Autophagy: Mechanisms, regulation, and its role in tumorigenesis

Autophagy (from Greek “auto” — self, “phagos” — to eat) is the major catabolic process involved in the delivery and lysosomal degradation of long-lived intracellular components: proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and organelles. Since the discovery of genes involved in regulation of autophagy in the 1990s, there has been a significant increase in studies of autophagy as a process involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis, as well as its role in the development of different pathologies. This review focuses on the basics of autophagy and its regulatory mechanisms. The role of autophagy in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and tumorigenesis is also discussed.     

Finding the good: Reactive modernity among the Gebusi,in the Pacific,and elsewhere

Conditions of being left behind in economic and political terms are keenly felt in many areas of Melanesia and the wider Pacific Islands—as is more generally the case in many developing and also developed countries. Insofar as modern expectations portend a future that should be improving, it is unsurprising that modern expectations or entitlements are throttled by economic and political downturns across many cultural and class conditions. Ensuing circumstances are not so much ‘post’ modern—since ideals of modern progress are not given up—as they are ‘reactively’ modern in cultural terms. In this context, a poignant and longstanding sense of backwardness in many areas of the insular Pacific arguably provides a cultural bellwether of increasingly widespread perceptions and reactions elsewhere. Among the Gebusi of Papua New Guinea prolonged economic downturn under conditions of marginality and remoteness has thrown people back on their own material and cultural resources. Despite a general absence of cash economy, monetisation or fiscalisation of ‘work’ increasingly orchestrates social relations. So, too, in the absence of government presence, police, or courts, mechanisms of dispute mediation have become locally developed and effectively elaborated, including through rhetorics of monetary compensation that were previously undeveloped in indigenous contexts of person‐for‐person exchange both in marriage and in death. In selected ways, reactive modernity among Gebusi has features that seem salutary—evoking an ‘anthropology of the good’—despite and even because of Gebusi's politicoeconomic marginality. Drawing on work by Ortner, Robbins, and others, the larger relevance of this development reframes the relevance of Dark Anthropology and an Anthropology of the Good.     

Activity: Structure,Genesis, and Units of Analysis

One of the most remarkable events in Soviet psychology in the second half of the '70s was the discussion of the problem of the relationship between communication and activity [8,13,18,19,21,23]. We considered the following approach to the problem, which we here present in its most general form, the most constructive: Communication and activity are undoubtedly interrelated; but communication (in contrast to perception, memory, etc.) is not usefully regarded as simply one type of activity as it is analyzed in terms of Leont'ev's paradigm activity—action—operation, motive—goal—condition. This approach to the problem is useful primarily for advancing the theory of activity: it points sharply to the very essential point, insufficiently developed in the theory of activity, that analysis of social environments and the mechanisms of human activity is both collective and individual.     

Biosynthesis,isolation, purification and seperation of Zearalenone,deoxynivalenol and 15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol

Fusarium graminearum KF-376 isolate was found to be able to form simultaneously three toxic metabolites: zearalenone (FF-2), deoxynivalenol (DON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON). Toxins were extracted with methanol — water 3:1 (v/v) and purified by liquid chromatography on charcoal — Kieselgel 60 column (preliminary) and Aluminiumoxid 90 column. Final separation of the metabolites was achived on Kieselgel 60 — Aluminiumoxid 90 column.     

Ethnobotany of Ladakh,India: Beverages,narcotics, foods

Ladakh is India’s link with the exotic past. Popularly known as little Tibet or Western Tibet, Ladakh is one of the richest centres of Buddhist art and culture. It has its own deep-rooted traditions, which have been protected and practised for centuries. The present communication puts on record some of the traditional ladakhi preparations that have been used for hundreds of years. Those described are (1) beverages — chhang and gur gur cha; (2) narcotics — berzeatsink, staspakchek, techepakchiatzen, zimpating, and lingeatzish; and (3) foods — khambir, kholaq, mok mok, and thukpa.     

Effects of light and turbidity on feeding,growth, and survival of larval Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus,Actinopterygii, Osmeridae)

Hydrobiologia - Understanding how environmental factors—here, light intensity and turbidity—influence the feeding, growth, and survival of larval Delta Smelt is critical for optimizing...     

武昌东湖水生维管束植物的生物量及其在渔业上的合理利用问题

本文是根据1962—1964年部分调查研究资料整理而成的。文中列出了83种水生维管束植物(以下简称水生植物)的名录,比较了全湖21个采集断面、3个植物带和17个植物群丛以及长江中下游6个浅水湖泊水生植物的生物量,分析了东湖两个断面(Ⅻ和ⅪⅡ)的生物量的周年变化和湖中不同水深区的生物量变化情况。全湖面积为28.5平方公里。8月是生物量的高峰期,平均每平方米的生物量为1,068.1克(湿重)或94.8克(风干重)或82克(烘干重)或322千卡(能量)。其中,以黄丝草所占的比例为最大,其次为大茨藻、聚草、黑藻和金鱼藻。全湖水生植物的年生产量为30,440吨(湿重)或2,337吨(烘干重)或9×109千卡(能量),连同浮游植物(16×109千卡)一起,则东湖全年的原初生产量为25×109千卡,其中水生植物约占总原初生产量的36%。本文最后讨论了水生植物在湖泊渔业上的合理利用问题,提出了草食性鱼种放养量的计算公式和合理利用水生植物资源的建议。