国产粟米草属的分类研究

本文根据国产粟米草属Mollugo L.8种植物的外部形态的5个分类学特征,尤其是种子形态结构的演化特征,认为该属植物种中实际存在着两个自然类群,特将该属中种子具有假种皮和种阜的、即星粟草属Glinus L.在我国予以恢复,它是一个较粟米草属原始的自然类群。     

东北地区草本植物1个新记录科和3个新记录属

东北地区位于我国东北部,共有维管束植物164科928属3 103种。根据野外调查结果及相关资料,报道了东北地区草本植物1个新记录科—粟米草科(Molluginaceae)和3个新记录属—粟米草属(Mollugo L.)、牛膝属(Achyranthes L.)和秃疮花属(Dicranostigma Hook. f. et Thoms.),以及对应的3个新纪录种—粟米草(Mollugo stricta L.)、牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Blume)和秃疮花[Dicranostigma leptopodum(Maxim.) Fedde]。新记录种凭证标本保存于大连自然博物馆植物标本室。这些新记录草本植物的发现,对东北地区生物多样性的研究具有重要意义,为其在我国的地理分布研究提供了新资料。     

神经丝蛋白NF-L与NF-M杂合分子的表达与组装——中等分子量神经丝蛋白的第1段杆状区(Coil1)是影响装配的结构域

神经丝是神经细胞所特有的中间纤维 ,由NF L ,NF M和NF H 3种蛋白组成 .NF L能在细胞内自组装 ,NF M则无自组装能力 .构建了两种杂合体分子ML和MML .ML由NF M的头部和NF L的其他部分组成 ,MML由NF M的头部加第 1段杆状区和NF L的第 2段杆状区加尾部组成 .将 2种杂合分子的cDNA转入缺乏内源性中间纤维的Sf9细胞中进行表达 .结果表明 ,ML能在细胞内组装出纤维形态 ,并可与NF M共同组装成平行的纤维束 ,MML无法形成纤维结构 ,说明NF M的第 1段杆状区是影响神经丝组装的结构域 .     

安徽蔷薇科植物新资料

本文发表了蔷薇科悬钩子属一新种和蔷薇属一新变种:即少花悬钩子Rubus spananthus Z.M.Wu et Z.L.Cheng,sp.nov.和密腺湖北蔷薇Rosa henryi Bouleng var.glandulosa Z.M.Wu et Z.L.Cheng,var.nov.     

甘肃甘南藏族自治州羊肚菌考察

本文根据作者对甘肃省甘南藏族自治州林区,食、药用真菌羊肚菌属Morchella的调查和鉴测,初步报道了本区羊肚菌Morchella esculenta(L.)Pers.、尖顶羊肚菌M·Conica Pers.、黑脉羊肚菌M·angusticeps PK.、粗腿羊肚菌M·Crassipes(Vent.)Pers.、小羊肚菌M.deliciosa Fr.等五种羊肚菌,后三种是甘肃省的新纪录。并发现其中有些黑脉羊肚菌是着生在腐木上。     

中国美登木属的新分类群

本文拟定中国美登木属4新种1新等级,它们是:广南美登木M. guangnanensis H.Shao,蒙自美登木M. mengziensis H.Shao,易门美登木M. yimenensis H.Shao,树状美登木M. arboreus H.Shao和疏刺刺茶M. variabilis(Hemsl.)C.Y.Cheng var.inermis(C.Y.Cheng et W.L.Sha)H.Shao。     

毛蕊花和粟米草毛状根培养系统的建立(简报)

用发根农杆菌Ａ４、Ｒ１６０１、ＡＴＣＣ１５８３４从毛蕊花和粟米草的无菌子叶中诱导出毛状根,经高压纸电泳鉴定,这两种毛状根中均含有甘露碱,并测定了它们的生长曲线。     

松嫩草地主要豆科牧草的适应性与种植利用研究

通过比较松嫩草地主要豆科牧草种子萌发期耐盐碱性的差异, 苗期出苗情况和病虫害及种植牧草后对土壤化学性质的影响, 对该6种豆科牧草进行综合评价, 并选出适宜在松嫩盐碱化草地种植的豆科牧草。结果表明, 在萌发期, 紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa L.)、扁蓿豆 (Medicago ruthenica)、兴安胡枝子 (Lespedeza davurica)、细叶胡枝子 (Lespedeza hedusaroides)和黄花草木樨 (Melilotus officinalis) 5种小粒种子耐盐碱性好于大粒种子广布野豌豆 (Vicia cracca), 尤其是紫花苜蓿 (M. sativa L.), 其发芽率和活力指数在低盐浓度 (≤ 0.4% NaCl)环境中高于对照条件; 苗期小粒种子出苗较快 (3—4 d), 大粒种子广布野豌豆 (V. cracca) 出苗时间较长 (9 d); 细叶胡枝子 (L.edusaroides)、兴安胡枝子 (L. davurica)和黄花草木樨 (M. officinalis)不易遭病虫害, 其余3种易受蚜虫和七星瓢虫危害。种植6种豆科牧草后土壤氮含量都有一定程度的提高, 尤其是兴安胡枝子 (L. davurica); 土壤pH也有了一定程度的降低, 尤其是紫花苜蓿 (M. sativa L.)。综合比较发现松嫩草地6种豆科牧草以种植小粒种子紫花苜蓿 (M. sativa L.)和兴安胡枝子 (L. davurica)牧草为更好。     

一多重耐药单增李斯特菌株的生长特性及毒力分析

为了解单增李斯特菌株耐药后可能发生的生物学变化,以哈市生肉中分离到的1株对17种抗生素耐受的单增李斯特菌株L.M.B8为研究对象,对其生长及毒力特性进行研究。结果显示,L.M.B8的生长及毒力特性均与标准菌株有明显差异。在NaC l浓度为0.5%~5%、pH值为4.0~10.0及温度为20~45℃范围内,L.M.B8的生长速度均明显高于标准菌株。L.M.B8对高浓度盐的敏感性高于标准菌株,且对温度的适应能力强于标准菌株。从生长曲线看,L.M.B8的对数生长期与稳定期均较标准菌株提前2~3 h,且其稳定期较标准菌株明显缩短。L.M.B8小鼠腹腔注射半数致死量（LD50）较标准菌株明显降低。该研究为进一步探讨单增李斯特菌的耐药性与其他生物学特性的相关性奠定基础。     

青藏高原东南缘五种火绒草属植物的核型

报道我国青藏高原东南缘5种6个居群火绒草属植物的染色体数目和核型.银叶火绒草Leontopodium souliei 2n =2x=24=13M+8m+3sm,1B;坚秆火绒草L.franchetii 2n=2x=26=6M+ 18m +2sm,2A;华火绒草L.sinense;四川木里海拔2406m的居群:2n=2x=26=4M+22m,1B,四川木里海拔3074m居群:2n=4x=52=16M+36m,1B;美头火绒草L.calocephalum 2n=4x=48=3M+43m +2sn,1B;毛香火绒草L.stracheyi 2n=4x=48=13M+35m,1A.对现有的染色体资料分析表明:火绒草属的染色体核型比较对称,但种间具一定的变异;多倍化可能是该属在我国青藏高原及其周边地区发生强烈物种分化的重要原因之一.     

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Jeju medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria

Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are pus-forming bacteria that trigger inflammation in acne. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Jeju medicinal plants against these etiologic agents of acne vulgaris. Ethanol extracts of Jeju plants were tested for antimicrobial activities by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The results from the disc diffusion assays revealed that four medicinal plants, Mollugo pentaphylla, Angelica anomala, Matteuccia orientalis, and Orixa japonica inhibited the growth of both pathogens. Among these, A. anomala had strong inhibitory effects. Its MIC values were 15.6 microg/ml and 125 microg/ml against P. acnes and S. epidermidis, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of the four extracts were determined by colorimetric MTT assays using two animal cell lines: human dermal fibroblasts and HaCaT cells. Although the M. orientalis root extract had moderate cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells at 200 microg/ml, most extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity at 200 microg/ml in both cell lines. In addition, the extracts reduced the P. acnes-induced secretion of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in THP-1 cells, an indication of their anti-inflammatory effects. Based on these results, we suggest that M. pentaphylla, A. anomala, M. orientalis, and O. japonica are attractive acne-mitigating candidates for topical application.     

Mollugo viscosa sp. nov. (Molluginaceae), a segregate of M. brasiliensis from Minas Gerais in eastern Brazil

The new species Mollugo viscosa Thulin & Harley is described from Minas Gerais in eastern Brazil. It was previously part of the recently published M. brasiliensis Thulin & Harley, a species that was found to be non‐monophyletic in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Mollugo brasiliensis is here divided into a northern species (M. brasiliensis s.str.) in Bahia and a southern species (M. viscosa sp. nov.) in Minas Gerais. The new species differs from M. brasiliensis in its denser and more viscous indumentum, and in its distinctly smaller seeds with smaller tubercles and a smaller hilar peg, and from its sister species M. ulei by being a perennial herb with bisexual flowers.     

苏皖种子植物地理分布新记录

报导苏皖种子植物地理分布新记录种9 个、属3 个(全部标本存华东师范大学生物系标本室)。     

Mollugo brasiliensis sp. nov. (Molluginaceae) from eastern Brazil

The new species Mollugo brasiliensis Thulin & Harley, a perennial viscous herb with 6–8 stamens, few‐seeded capsules and tuberculate seeds, is described from eastern Brazil. It is compared primarily with the two other native members of Molluginaceae previously known from Brazil, M. verticillata L. and Glischrothamnus ulei Pilger.     

Summer weeds as hosts for Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and as reservoirs for tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus in North Carolina

In North Carolina, Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, TSWV) is vectored primarily by the tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). TSWV overwinters in winter annual weeds from which it is spread to susceptible crops in spring. Because most susceptible crops are destroyed after harvest before winter weeds emerge in the fall, infected summer weeds are thought to be the principal source for spread of TSWV to winter annual weeds in fall. A survey of summer weeds associated with TSWV-susceptible crops in the coastal plain of North Carolina conducted between May and October revealed that relatively few species were commonly infected with TSWV and supported populations of F. fusca or F. occidentalis. F. occidentalis made up > 75% of vector species collected from 15 summer weed species during 2002. The number of F. occidentalis and F. fusca immatures collected from plant samples varied significantly among plant species. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth, Mollugo verticillata L., Cassia obtusifolia L., and Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats supported the largest numbers of immature F. occidentalis. Richardia scabra L., M. verticillata, and Ipomoea hederacea (L.) supported the largest numbers of F. fusca immatures. TSWV was present at 16 of 17 locations, and naturally occurring infections were found in 14 of 29 weed species tested. Five of the TSWV-infected species have not previously been reported as hosts of TSWV (A. palmeri, Solidago altissima L., Ipomoea lacunosa L., I. purpurea, and Phytolacca americana L.). Estimated rates of infection were highest in I. purpurea (6.8%), M. verticillata (5.3%), and I. hederacea (1.9%). When both the incidence of infection by TSWV and the populations of F. occidentalis and F. fusca associated with each weed species are considered, the following summer weed species have the potential to act as significant sources for spread of TSWV to winter annual weeds in fall: I. purpurea, I. hederacea, M. verticillata, A. palmeri, C. obtusifolia, R. scabra, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Polygonum pensylvanicum L., and Chenopodium album L.     

应用主成分分析法和最小生成树法研究浙中秋旱作物田杂草种间生态关系

研究意义浙江金华地处浙江中部,旱地面积有５．０９×１０４ｈａ,占耕地总面积的１８％以上,棉花、大豆、甘薯等秋旱作物是该地区重要的经济作物,几年来,由于农村劳动力转移,中耕除草减少,草害问题日趋严重。化学除草是解决旱田草害的有效方法。但是,除草剂的长期...     

中国南部地区松树上的散斑壳菌Ⅰ.

近年作者对我国南部地区松树上的散斑壳属(Lophodermium Chev.)真菌进行了调查和研究。本文报道8个种,其中椭圆散斑壳(L.ellipticum Y.R.Lin)是新种,喜马拉雅散斑壳(L.himalayense P.F.Cannon & Minter)和库曼散斑壳(L.kumaunicum Minter &M.P.Sharma)为我国新记录种,南方散斑壳(L.australe Dearn.)等5种为国内已记载种。对新种作了拉丁文、汉文描述和图解,对新记录种进行了简要记述。另外,记载了已知种的寄主新记录和地理新分布。     

中国绿绒蒿属具盘绿绒蒿亚属小志北大核心CSCD

经查阅文献、植物标本、植物图片库，结合野外调研，认为中国不产毛盘绿绒蒿(Meconopsis discigera Prain)。《西藏植物志》《中国植物志》及Flora of China记载的毛盘绿绒蒿均为错误鉴定。中国绿绒蒿属具盘绿绒蒿亚属(M. subgen.Discogyne G. Taylor)有4种，分别是毛瓣绿绒蒿(M.torquata Prain)、吉隆绿绒蒿(M.pinnatifolia C. Y. Wu&H. Chuang ex L. H. Zhou)、康顺绿绒蒿(M.tibetica Grey-Wilson)和不丹绿绒蒿(M.bhutanica Tosh. Yoshida&Grey-Wilson),其中不丹绿绒蒿是中国西藏新记录种。本文对国产4种具盘绿绒蒿亚属植物地理分布及形态学特征进行重新梳理。