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1.
野艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulifolia)为我国传统中药,属于菊科(Compositae)植物,广泛分布于我国东北、华北等地区,具有巨大的开发潜力和丰富的资源。近年来,从野艾蒿中成功分离出许多具有新颖结构和显著药理活性的化合物,相关研究取得了显著进展。该文对野艾蒿的主要化学成分、提取分离方法、结构鉴定技术以及药理作用等方面进行了综合归纳总结。野艾蒿主要化学成分包括79个萜类化合物和挥发油、17个黄酮类化合物、6个木脂素类化合物和2个咖啡酸类化合物,还富含微量元素、维生素和氨基酸。野艾蒿化学成分具有显著的抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、降血脂、抑菌和杀虫等药理作用,但相关机制仍需进一步阐明。在此基础上,该文侧重关注野艾蒿的化学成分和药理作用,以挖掘更多具有临床价值的成分和作用机制。此外,该文也指出了野艾蒿在药用价值和现有研究方面存在的不足之处,并提出了未来的研究方向和建议,以促进野艾蒿的合理药用开发和综合利用,为今后相关研究提供参考和指导。 相似文献
2.
通过植物与藻共培养实验,比较3种常见陆生菊科植物野艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulaefolia)、小白酒草(Conyza canadensis)、杭白菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium)的抑藻能力。结果表明野艾蒿和小白酒草能够适应水培,野艾蒿和杭白菊(后期为残体)抑藻能力较强,10d后对起始藻浓度为2×106cells/ml的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa)生长的抑制率分别为93.3%和90.8%,对4×106cells/ml铜绿微囊藻抑制率分别为89.3%和79.2%。利用3种极性不同的有机溶剂(乙醇、正己烷、乙酸乙酯)提取野艾蒿干粉中的抑藻活性物质并进行生物检测,结果显示挥干溶剂后3种提取物都有较强抑藻能力,其中乙酸乙酯提取物抑藻能力最强,用线性拟合得到0.83g/L提取物72h后抑藻率达100%。研究表明,陆生菊科植物具有抑藻效果,野艾蒿具有应用于水体富营养化的治理和开发新型抑藻剂的潜力。 相似文献
3.
竹红菌乙素溴化物对HeLa细胞形态结构的光敏损伤 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以离体培养的HeLa细胞为材料,用激光共聚焦显微镜,多动能图像分析仪,扫描电镜,透射电镜,荧光分光光度计等研究了一种新型的竹红菌乙素修饰物(5—Br—HB)被HeLa细胞摄取的时间进程、药物在细胞内的显微定位以及对细胞形态结构的光动力损伤。结果表明:HeLa细胞对5—Br—HB摄取在1小时之内细胞内药物浓度随着药液培养时间的增加呈线性增长,3小时后摄取基本达到饱和。HeLa细胞在含10μmol/L5—Br一HB培养基中37℃温育半小时后,敏化剂主要分布在细胞膜和胞浆中。受光动力损伤的细胞膜丧失连续结构,绒毛丧失,细胞表面出现异形突起。加药并光照5分钟组细胞浆内产生大量空泡,线粒体、内质网等细胞器丧失结构完整性,在较高浓度下甚至出现明显的细胞膜破裂和核膜损伤。光动力敏化对核形态产生明显的损伤作用,表现为N/C和NA减小,NFF增大。 相似文献
4.
野八角果实挥发油的化学成分 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
野八角(IlliciumSimOnsnM。Xim”),俗称山八角,主要分布于贵州省西北部地区,资源丰富,果实含挥发油约四%~2%,主要成分为L.柠檬烯,占74%〔刁,有止咳、祛痰、镇痛和抑菌等功效饲I。为提高L.柠檬烯得宰,采用金属不锈钢丝作分馏塔板,根据沸点和停留时间不同进行分馏,收集馏分。经气一质联用分析,L一柠檬烯得率可提高到85%。1.材料与方法1.1材料野八角果实于60℃下烘干,碾成粗粉,用水蒸气蒸馏法得原油。采用玻璃管往,柱长33cm,直径5cm,外用石棉布包扎,保温。玻璃管内用不锈钢金属丝填充,作分离塔板[刘。以空气… 相似文献
5.
低温冷害对哈密瓜外部形态和细胞结构的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
哈密瓜(Cucumis melo L.)冷害症状在外观上初始表现为不规则的小斑点。随着冷害的加重,变为水浸状下陷斑,并迅速引起链格孢(Alternaria)腐烂病。利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察组织切片,发现在0—2℃冷害温度下,哈密瓜的表皮细胞下数层薄壁细胞首先发生质壁分离,细胞扁平化,从而导致表皮组织下陷,冷害症状的起始部位在气孔处。冷害温度破坏细胞原生质膜、液泡膜及胞间连丝。叶绿体对低温比较敏感,冷害后期,叶绿体已全部解体,而线粒体仍具有完整的结构。 相似文献
6.
本研究运用Mannich反应,得到了丹参酮ⅡA的16位被酯化氨基酸取代的5个衍生物,结构均经EI-MS、1H及13C NMR确证。经MTT法测定丹参酮ⅡA及其衍生物对HeLa细胞增殖的抑制作用,并计算出IC50。结果表明,5个衍生物的生物活性较丹参酮ⅡA均有所增强;即丹参酮ⅡA在16位进行结构修饰可以增强其对肿瘤细胞抑制活性。 相似文献
7.
目的研究小鼠UNCV蛋白质对HeLa细胞凋亡的影响。方法将BALB/c小鼠Uncv基因重组质粒转染HeLa细胞,筛选出稳定过表达UNCV蛋白质的HeLa细胞株。通过细胞计数法和流式细胞术,检测过表达UNCV蛋白质对血清饥饿和阿霉素诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡的影响。结果获得稳定正确过表达UNCV蛋白质的HeLa细胞株。细胞计数和流式细胞术结果显示过表达UNCV蛋白质对血清饥饿诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡有抑制作用,对于阿霉素诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡没有显著影响。结论过表达UNCV蛋白质对血清饥饿诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡有抑制作用。 相似文献
8.
为寻找放射敏感性基因,采用基因芯片技术筛选出辐射可诱导表达mRNA上调的基因,其中就有IER5.为探索IER5基因的生物学功能及其在宫颈癌放疗中的作用,采用RNA干扰技术构建IER5基因表达抑制的质粒载体并构建IER5-siRNA-HeLa细胞系.对该细胞系与HeLa细胞进行辐射,旨在了解IER5-siRNA-HeLa的细胞生长曲线、细胞周期等实验参数的变化,揭示了IER5基因在辐射诱导中的生物学功能.实验发现,IER5基因表达抑制可提高细胞分裂进入S期与G2-M期的比例,促进细胞分裂,促进细胞生长,提高细胞对辐射的拮抗性,同时发现IER5-siRNA-HeLa细胞在尺寸上大于HeLa细胞.研究表明,IER5基因表达抑制可促使细胞受辐射后发生S期与G2-M期的阻滞,IER5参与辐射细胞周期的调控,对临床宫颈癌放疗有一定的潜在应用价值. 相似文献
9.
新疆野扁桃天然居群形态变异的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
为了从数量上分析新疆野扁桃(Amygdalus ledebouriana)天然居群表型性状在居群间和居群内的变异,我们于2007年对分布存新疆的5个野扁桃天然居群的8个表型性状进行了测量和比较分析.结果表明:新疆野扁桃表型性状在居群间和居群内均存在着较丰富的差异,居群内的变异大于居群间的变异,居群间的分化相对较小;利用居群问欧氏距离进行UPGMA聚类分析表明,5个天然居群可以划分为3类,表型性状的欧式遗传距离与地理距离相关不显著.主成分综合分析结果显示:新梢长宽比、叶片长宽比、果核千粒重、果核长宽比及花冠直径等5个表型性状指标是反映新疆野扁桃表型差异的主要因素. 相似文献
10.
抗肿瘤药物三尖杉酯碱对HeLa细胞增殖的影响及其与CenpB基因的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以人子宫颈癌细胞株HeLa为对象,采用免疫印迹、流式细胞光度术和间接免疫荧光.流式细胞光度术等方法,分析三尖杉酯碱对细胞增殖周期、凋亡等的影响,并检测着丝粒蛋白CenpB基因表达的水平,进一步分析它与细胞增殖的关系及三尖杉酯碱的作用效应。结果表明:0.2μg/mL三尖杉酯碱作用时间的延长带来HeLa细胞G1期缩短、S期延长的时相变化趋势,与之相关的是G2期向G1期过渡的缓慢延迟;凋亡率呈现增加的趋势;相对于未处理的对照细胞,0.2μg/mL三尖杉酯碱的作用使CenpB蛋白表达水平降低,但不呈简单的时间函数关系,这可能是细胞周期检验点应对药物诱导作用的反馈调节的体现,而重要着丝粒结构蛋白CenpB的基因表达调节与之可能有明显的相关性。 相似文献
11.
Pedro A.G. Santos A. Cristina Figueiredo Pedro M.L. Lourenço José G. Barroso Luis G. Pedro M. Margarida Oliveira Jan Schripsema Stanley G. Deans Johannes J.C. Scheffer 《Biotechnology letters》2002,24(12):1031-1036
Transformed root cultures of Anethum graveolens were induced by inoculation of aseptically grown seedlings with Agrobacterium rhizogenes carrying plasmid pRi 1855. The main component of the essential oils from the fruits and from the roots of the parent plant was carvone, whereas -phellandrene and apiole were dominant in the oil from, respectively, the aerial parts and the hairy roots. The essential oils from the fruits, aerial parts and roots of the parent plant were at 2%, 0.3% and 0.06% (v/w), respectively, but only 0.02% (v/w) in the hairy root cultures. Growth of the hairy root cultures reached 600 mg dry wt/50 ml medium after 50 days. The essential oil composition did not change significantly during their growth. 相似文献
12.
A.O. Oyedele A.A. Gbolade M.B. Sosan F.B. Adewoyin O.L. Soyelu O.O. Orafidiya 《Phytomedicine》2002,9(3):259-262
Ointment and cream formulations of lemongrass oil in different classes of base and the oil in liquid paraffin solution have been evaluated for mosquito repellency in a topical application. Mosquito repellency was tested by determining the bite-deterrence of product samples applied on an experimental bird's skin against a 2-day starved culture of Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes. The 1%v/v solution and 15%v/w cream and ointment preparations of the oil exhibited > or =50% repellency lasting 2-3 h, which may be attributed to citral, a major oil constituent. This activity was comparable to that of a commercial mosquito repellent. Base properties of the lemongrass oil formulations influenced their effectiveness. The oil demonstrated efficacy from the different bases in the order of hydrophilic base > emulsion base > oleaginous base. 相似文献
13.
【背景】白色念珠菌(Candidaalbicans)属于条件致病性真菌,可引起严重的黏膜真菌感染及全身系统性真菌感染,是导致患者高发病率和高死亡率的主要菌群之一。【目的】探究百里香精油对白色念珠菌的抑菌活性及抑制机理。【方法】测定5种百里香精油对白色念珠菌的抑菌圈直径,分析具有高抑菌活性的精油成分。在此基础上,通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)观察精油对白色念珠菌菌体细胞形态的影响。测定碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, AKP)含量、胞外溶液电导率并进行碘化丙啶(propidium iodide, PI)染色分析,探究精油对白色念珠菌生物膜的形成与黏附及磷脂酶活性的影响,并通过实时荧光定量PCR法分析与白色念珠菌生物膜形成相关基因(凝集素样序列基因ALS4,从酵母型向菌丝型细胞的形态转变基因HWP1、磷脂酶基因PLB1)的表达水平,探究该精油对白色念珠菌的抑菌机制。【结果】筛选出了对白色念珠菌高度敏感的有机栽培龙脑百里香精油(Thymus vulgaris CT borneol essential oil, T... 相似文献
14.
【背景】芽孢杆菌是豆制品的重要腐败菌,在气液界面形成生物膜,对产品生产带来持续污染。【目的】探讨藤椒精油(Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil,ZA-EO)对腐败解淀粉芽孢杆菌DY1a菌体及生物被膜的抑制作用与机制。【方法】采用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)分析藤椒精油主要成分与相对含量,通过二倍稀释法测定藤椒精油对菌株的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),并分析精油对腐败菌胞外蛋白酶活性、腐败菌生物被膜形成抑制及成熟生物被膜的清除作用,采用扫描电镜结合三维光学显微镜分析生物被膜形貌结构变化,测定生物被膜胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)多糖与蛋白质含量变化;并通过细菌运动能力、细胞黏附及自聚集能力、细胞表面疏水性和Zeta电位来初步探讨藤椒精油对生物被膜的抑制机理。【结果】藤椒精... 相似文献
15.
内蒙古退化冷蒿草原围封恢复演替3—4年,植物群落更替出现半灌木冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)向禾草冰草(Agropyron cristatum)群落突然转变的现象,这对内蒙古草原植被恢复具有积极的作用,但目前关于冰草-冷蒿演替和竞争机制的研究鲜见报道。水分作为草原植被生长的主要限制因子,是影响群落演替的重要因素。气候干旱和过度放牧导致草原土壤水分垂直分布发生明显变化。由于冰草和冷蒿的根系分布深浅不同,土壤水分垂直变化可能会影响冰草-冷蒿的竞争。为探讨土壤水分及其垂直分布对冰草和冷蒿竞争的影响,本盆栽试验设置冰草、冷蒿单种以及混种处理,并进行不同土壤深度(0—30cm, 30—60cm)的水分处理(上干下湿、上湿下干、上干下干),结果表明:(1)与冷蒿相比,冰草受土壤水分变化影响显著,相对于上干下干处理,冰草在湿润(上干下湿或者上湿下干)处理的地上、地下生物量均显著增加,而冷蒿没有显著变化;(2)上干下湿和上湿下干处理间,冰草、冷蒿的地上、地下总生物量和根长差异均不显著;(3)不同水分处理,冰草和冷蒿的根系均可分布在30—60cm土壤中,且土壤30—60cm层冰草单种的根生物量和根长显著高于冷蒿单种;(4)相对竞争强度和竞争攻击力系数表明:湿润处理冰草的竞争力大于冷蒿;上干下干处理冷蒿的竞争力大于冰草。土壤水分变化引起冰草、冷蒿的明显竞争,上湿下干与上干下湿处理间冰草与冷蒿竞争力差异不显著。由于冰草和冷蒿均为多年生物种,冰草-冷蒿的竞争实验仍需在今后的研究中反复地验证。 相似文献
16.
The biochemistry, organization, and regulation of essential oil metabolism in the epidermal oil glands of peppermint have been defined, and most of the genes encoding enzymes of the eight-step pathway to the principal monoterpene component (−)-menthol have been isolated. Using these tools for pathway engineering, two genes and two expression strategies have been employed to create transgenic peppermint plants with improved oil composition and yield. These experiments, along with related studies on other pathway genes, have led to a systematic, stepwise approach for the creation of a ‘super’ peppermint. 相似文献
17.
Summary Soils derived from hydrothermally altered andesite support unique communities of Sierran conifers (Pinus ponderosa Laws. and P. jeffreyi Grev. and Balf.) amongst sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) vegetation in the western Great Basin. Plants grown in soil derived from hydrothermally altered bedrock had lower growth rates, total biomass, and net photosynthetic rates than plants grown in soil derived from unaltered andesite of the same formation. Total dry mass was 10 to 28% lower for conifers grown in altered soil whereas dry mass of Artemisia tridentata and Bromus tectorum L. was reduced by over 90%. Results from a nutrient amendment experiment indicated that low phosphorus was the dominant limitation in altered soil, and phosphorus-deficiency affected growth primarily by limiting leaf area development rather than direct inhibition of photosynthesis. The proportionately greater reduction of biomass for Artemisia and Bromus grown in altered soil supports our hypothesis that Great Basin vegetation is excluded from altered soil by intolerance to nutrient deficiency. The Sierran conifers growing on this rock type are therefore free of competition for water with Great Basin vegetation and are able to persist in an exceptionally dry climate. 相似文献
18.
为从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)内生真菌中筛选有促生作用的菌株,用组织分离法从青蒿侧枝中分离内生真菌并进行分子鉴定,对其中1株真菌深绿木霉对青蒿幼苗的促生作用进行了研究。结果表明,从青蒿侧枝中获得23株内生真菌,鉴定出16种,以炭疽菌属占优势。深绿木霉发酵液对青蒿种子发芽和幼苗生长具有显著抑制作用;深绿木霉液体发酵菌丝体在4-5月对青蒿幼苗生长具有显著的促进作用,但7月以后没有明显促进作用。因此,深绿木霉可作为青蒿苗肥,与化肥配合可施用于成株。 相似文献
19.
利用光镜及透射电子显微镜技术研究了杭白芷根中分泌道结构及其挥发油的分泌,并重点探讨分泌道中挥发油的分泌过程。结果显示:(1)杭白芷的分泌道是由上皮细胞围绕着的伸长的胞间隙,腔道内贮存着挥发油。(2)分泌道细胞的质体、细胞基质以及线粒体参与挥发油或其前体物质的合成。(3)在分泌道发育的后期,大量小泡与分泌细胞的液泡膜和细胞质膜融合,将其内的物质释放进入空腔。研究认为,杭白芷分泌道中挥发油主要合成部位为质体及细胞基质,之后以扩散渗透或通过膜质小泡与液泡及质膜融合这两种方式分泌到空腔内,丰富的线粒体可能为这一系列过程提供能量。 相似文献
20.
The aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of devastating oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of late blight disease of tomato. Antifungal activities of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of aromatic plants such as oregano (Origanum syriacum var. bevanii), thyme (Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata), lavender (Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and laurel (Laurus nobilis), were investigated against P. infestans. Both contact and volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils used were determined by using two in vitro methods. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were also determined by GC-MS analysis. Major compounds found in essential oils of thyme, oregano, rosemary, lavender, fennel and laurel were carvacrol (37.9%), carvacrol (79.8), borneol (20.4%), camphor (20.2%), anethole (82.8%) and 1,8-cineole (35.5%), respectively. All essential oils were found to inhibit the growth of P. infestans in a dose-dependent manner. Volatile phase effect of oregano and thyme oils at 0.3 μg/ml air was found to completely inhibit the growth of P. infestans. Complete growth inhibition of pathogen by essential oil of fennel, rosemary, lavender and laurel was, however, observed at 0.4–2.0 μg/ml air concentrations. For the determination of the contact phase effects of the tested essential oils, oregano, thyme and fennel oils at 6.4 μg/ml were found to inhibit the growth of P. infestans completely. Essential oils of rosemary, lavender and laurel were inhibitory at relatively higher concentrations (12.8, 25.6, 51.2 μg/ml respectively). Volatile phase effects of essential oils were consistently found to be more effective on fungal growth than contact phase effect. Sporangial production was also inhibited by the essential oil tested. Light and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation on pathogen hyphae, exposed to both volatile and contact phase of oil, revealed considerable morphological alterations in hyphae such as cytoplasmic coagulation, vacuolations, hyphal shrivelling and protoplast leakage. 相似文献