共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 144 毫秒
1.
Jae-Hoon Jung Pil Joon Seo Chung-Mo Park 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(52):43277-43287
The timing of flowering is coordinated by a web of gene regulatory networks that integrates developmental and environmental cues in plants. Light and temperature are two major environmental determinants that regulate flowering time. Although prolonged treatment with low nonfreezing temperatures accelerates flowering by stable repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), repeated brief cold treatments delay flowering. Here, we report that intermittent cold treatments trigger the degradation of CONSTANS (CO), a central activator of photoperiodic flowering; daily treatments caused suppression of the floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and delayed flowering. Cold-induced CO degradation is mediated via a ubiquitin/proteasome pathway that involves the E3 ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 1 (HOS1). HOS1-mediated CO degradation occurs independently of the well established cold response pathways. It is also independent of the light signaling repressor CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) E3 ligase and light wavelengths. CO has been shown to play a key role in photoperiodic flowering. Here, we demonstrated that CO served as a molecular hub, integrating photoperiodic and cold stress signals into the flowering genetic pathways. We propose that the HOS1-CO module contributes to the fine-tuning of photoperiodic flowering under short term temperature fluctuations, which often occur during local weather disturbances. 相似文献
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Circadian Clock Proteins LHY and CCA1 Regulate SVP Protein Accumulation to Control Flowering in Arabidopsis 下载免费PDF全文
Sumire Fujiwara Atsushi Oda Riichiro Yoshida Kanae Niinuma Kana Miyata Yusuke Tomozoe Takeomi Tajima Mayu Nakagawa Kounosuke Hayashi George Coupland Tsuyoshi Mizoguchi 《The Plant cell》2008,20(11):2960-2971
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Zhiqiang Yan Dawei Liang Heng Liu Guochang Zheng 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2010,57(2):166-174
The timing of floral transition has significant consequences for reproductive success in plants. The molecular genetic dissection of flowering time control in Arabidopsis identified an integrated network of pathways that quantitatively control this developmental switch. A central player in this process is the FLOWERING LOCUS C gene (FLC), which blocks flowering by inhibiting the genes required to switch the meristem from vegetative to floral development. Three systems (the FRIGIDA gene, vernalization, and the autonomous pathway) all influence the state of FLC. Last years many new genes have been identified that regulate FLC expression, and most of them are involved in the modification of FLC chromatin. This review focuses on recent insights in FLC regulation. 相似文献
4.
Jin-Yong Hu Yue Zhou Fei He Xue Dong Liang-Yu Liu George Coupland Franziska Turck Juliette de Meaux 《The Plant cell》2014,26(5):2024-2037
The timing of flowering is pivotal for maximizing reproductive success under fluctuating environmental conditions. Flowering time is tightly controlled by complex genetic networks that integrate endogenous and exogenous cues, such as light, temperature, photoperiod, and hormones. Here, we show that AGAMOUS-LIKE16 (AGL16) and its negative regulator microRNA824 (miR824) control flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Knockout of AGL16 effectively accelerates flowering in nonvernalized Col-FRI, in which the floral inhibitor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is strongly expressed, but shows no effect if plants are vernalized or grown in short days. Alteration of AGL16 expression levels by manipulating miR824 abundance influences the timing of flowering quantitatively, depending on the expression level and number of functional FLC alleles. The effect of AGL16 is fully dependent on the presence of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Further experiments show that AGL16 can interact directly with SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE and indirectly with FLC, two proteins that form a complex to repress expression of FT. Our data reveal that miR824 and AGL16 modulate the extent of flowering time repression in a long-day photoperiod. 相似文献
5.
FE,a phloem‐specific Myb‐related protein,promotes flowering through transcriptional activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T and FLOWERING LOCUS T INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 下载免费PDF全文
Mitsutomo Abe Hidetaka Kaya Ayako Watanabe‐Taneda Mio Shibuta Ayako Yamaguchi Tomoaki Sakamoto Tetsuya Kurata Israel Ausín Takashi Araki Carlos Alonso‐Blanco 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,83(6):1059-1068
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Víctor Quesada Raquel Sarmiento-Ma?ús Rebeca González-Bayón Andrea Hricová María Rosa Ponce José Luis Micol 《PloS one》2013,8(1)
The Arabidopsis rugosa1 (rug1) mutant has irregularly shaped leaves and reduced growth. In the absence of pathogens, leaves of rug1 plants have spontaneous lesions reminiscent of those seen in lesion-mimic mutants; rug1 plants also express cytological and molecular markers associated with defence against pathogens. These rug1 phenotypes are made stronger by dark/light transitions. The rug1 mutant also has delayed flowering time, upregulation of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and downregulation of the flowering promoters FT and SOC1/AGL20. Vernalization suppresses the late flowering phenotype of rug1 by repressing FLC. Microarray analysis revealed that 280 nuclear genes are differentially expressed between rug1 and wild type; almost a quarter of these genes are involved in plant defence. In rug1, the auxin response is also affected and several auxin-responsive genes are downregulated. We identified the RUG1 gene by map-based cloning and found that it encodes porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), also known as hydroxymethylbilane synthase, an enzyme of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway, which produces chlorophyll, heme, siroheme and phytochromobilin in plants. PBGD activity is reduced in rug1 plants, which accumulate porphobilinogen. Our results indicate that Arabidopsis PBGD deficiency impairs the porphyrin pathway and triggers constitutive activation of plant defence mechanisms leading to leaf lesions and affecting vegetative and reproductive development. 相似文献
7.
Isolation and functional characterization of the FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog, the LsFT gene, in lettuce 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fukuda M Matsuo S Kikuchi K Kawazu Y Fujiyama R Honda I 《Journal of plant physiology》2011,168(13):1602-1607
High temperature-induced bolting of lettuce is undesirable agriculturally, making it important to find the mechanism governing the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes play important roles in the induction of flowering in several plant species. To clarify floral induction in lettuce, we isolated the FT gene (LsFT) from lettuce. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationships of LsFT revealed considerable homology to FT genes of Arabidopsis, tomato, and other species. LsFT induced early flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis, but was not completely effective compared to AtFT. LsFT mRNA was abundant in the largest leaves under flowering-inducible conditions (higher temperatures). Gene expression was correlated with flower differentiation of the shoot apical meristem. Our results suggest that LsFT is a putative FT homolog in lettuce that regulates flower transition, similar to its homolog in Arabidopsis. This is the first information on the lettuce floral gene for elucidating regulation of the flowering transition in lettuce. 相似文献
8.
Farrona S Hurtado L March-Díaz R Schmitz RJ Florencio FJ Turck F Amasino RM Reyes JC 《PloS one》2011,6(3):e17997
Background
BRAHMA (BRM) is a member of a family of ATPases of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes from Arabidopsis. BRM has been previously shown to be crucial for vegetative and reproductive development.Methodology/Principal Findings
Here we carry out a detailed analysis of the flowering phenotype of brm mutant plants which reveals that, in addition to repressing the flowering promoting genes CONSTANS (CO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 (SOC1), BRM also represses expression of the general flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Thus, in brm mutant plants FLC expression is elevated, and FLC chromatin exhibits increased levels of histone H3 lysine 4 tri-methylation and decreased levels of H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation, indicating that BRM imposes a repressive chromatin configuration at the FLC locus. However, brm mutants display a normal vernalization response, indicating that BRM is not involved in vernalization-mediated FLC repression. Analysis of double mutants suggests that BRM is partially redundant with the autonomous pathway. Analysis of genetic interactions between BRM and the histone H2A.Z deposition machinery demonstrates that brm mutations overcome a requirement of H2A.Z for FLC activation suggesting that in the absence of BRM, a constitutively open chromatin conformation renders H2A.Z dispensable.Conclusions/Significance
BRM is critical for phase transition in Arabidopsis. Thus, BRM represses expression of the flowering promoting genes CO, FT and SOC1 and of the flowering repressor FLC. Our results indicate that BRM controls expression of FLC by creating a repressive chromatin configuration of the locus. 相似文献9.
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Natalia Mu?oz-Fambuena Carlos Mesejo M. Carmen González-Mas Eduardo Primo-Millo Manuel Agustí Domingo J. Iglesias 《Annals of botany》2012,110(6):1109-1118
Background and Aims
Gene determination of flowering is the result of complex interactions involving both promoters and inhibitors. In this study, the expression of flowering-related genes at the meristem level in alternate-bearing citrus trees is analysed, together with the interplay between buds and leaves in the determination of flowering.Methods
First defruiting experiments were performed to manipulate blossoming intensity in ‘Moncada’ mandarin, Citrus clementina. Further defoliation was performed to elucidate the role leaves play in the flowering process. In both cases, the activity of flowering-related genes was investigated at the flower induction (November) and differentiation (February) stages.Key Results
Study of the expression pattern of flowering-genes in buds from on (fully loaded) and off (without fruits) trees revealed that homologues of FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT), TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF), APETALA1 (CsAP1) and LEAFY (CsLFY) were negatively affected by fruit load. CiFT and TSF activities showed a marked increase in buds from off trees through the study period (ten-fold in November). By contrast, expression of the homologues of the flowering inhibitors of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (CsTFL), TERMINAL FLOWER 2 (TFL2) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was generally lower in off trees. Regarding floral identity genes, the increase in CsAP1 expression in off trees was much greater in buds than in leaves, and significant variations in CsLFY expression (approx. 20 %) were found only in February. Defoliation experiments further revealed that the absence of leaves completely abolished blossoming and severely affected the expression of most of the flowering-related genes, particularly decreasing the activity of floral promoters and of CsAP1 at the induction stage.Conclusions
These results suggest that the presence of fruit affects flowering by greatly altering gene-expression not only at the leaf but also at the meristem level. Although leaves are required for flowering to occur, their absence strongly affects the activity of floral promoters and identity genes. 相似文献12.
Appropriate timing of flowering is critical for propagation and reproductive success in plants. Therefore, flowering time is coordinately regulated by endogenous developmental programs and external signals, such as changes in photoperiod and temperature. Flowering is delayed by a transient shift to cold temperatures that frequently occurs during early spring in the temperate zones. It is known that the delayed flowering by short-term cold stress is mediated primarily by the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). However, how the FLC-mediated cold signals are integrated into flowering genetic pathways is not fully understood. We have recently reported that the INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1), which is a master regulator of cold responses, FLC, and the floral integrator SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) constitute an elaborated feedforward-feedback loop that integrates photoperiod and cold temperature signals to regulate seasonal flowering in Arabidopsis. Cold temperatures promote the binding of ICE1 to FLC promoter to induce its expression, resulting in delayed flowering. However, under floral inductive conditions, SOC1 induces flowering by blocking the ICE1 activity. We propose that the ICE1-FLC-SOC1 signaling network fine-tunes the timing of photoperiodic flowering during changing seasons. 相似文献
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MtVRN2 is a Polycomb VRN2‐like gene which represses the transition to flowering in the model legume Medicago truncatula 下载免费PDF全文
Mauren Jaudal Lulu Zhang Chong Che Daniel G. Hurley Geoffrey Thomson Jiangqi Wen Kirankumar S. Mysore Joanna Putterill 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2016,86(2):145-160
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Jiaohui Xu Xiaofang Zhong Qingzhu Zhang Hongyu Li 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2010,28(4):704-711
A soybean MADS box gene GmGAL2 (Glycine max AGAMOUS Like 2), a homolog of AGL11/STK, was investigated in transgenic Arabidopsis lines. Ectopic expression of GmGAL2 in Arabidopsis enhanced flowering, under both long-day and short-day conditions, by promoting expression of key flowering genes, CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and lowering expression of floral inhibiter FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Moreover, frequency of silique pod set was also lower in transgenic compared to control Arabidopsis plants. RT-PCR results revealed that GmGAL2 was primarily expressed in the flowers and pods of soybean plants, GmGAL2 expressed higher in SD than LD in soybean. 相似文献
18.
SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) is important in determining flowering time as well as floral organ identity. Although much is known about the regulation of floral organ identity by SEP3, its role as a downstream gene of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) for the regulation of ambient temperature-responsive flowering is poorly understood. Here, we show that SEP3 as a downstream gene of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE3 (SPL3) and FT modulates the flowering time in response to different ambient temperatures. SEP3 overexpression showed temperature-insensitive flowering at 23°C and 16°C. This suggests that altered SEP3 activity affects ambient temperature-responsive flowering. However, a lesion in SEP3 did not obviously affect ambient temperature-responsive flowering. SEP3 expression was affected by altered SPL3 and FT activities in the leaf and shoot apical regions at different temperatures. These results suggest that the miR156-SPL3-FT circuitry directly or indirectly regulates SEP3 expression for the regulation of ambient temperature-responsive flowering in Arabidopsis. 相似文献
19.
Estimating the timing of flower bud formation in plants is essential to identify environmental factors that regulate floral transition. The presence of winter dormancy between the initiation of flowers and anthesis, characteristic of most trees in the temperate forests, hampers accurate estimation of the timing of floral transition. To overcome this difficulty, expression levels of flowering-time genes could be used as indicators of the timing of floral transition. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of molecular markers in estimating the timing of floral transition in Fagus crenata, a deciduous tree that shows intermittent and synchronized flowering at the population level. We selected FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) as a candidate molecular marker and quantified the expression levels of its ortholog in F. crenata (FcFT). Subsequently, we analyzed the relationship between morphogenetic changes that occur between the vegetative state of the buds and the initiation of floral organs, and compared the FcFT expression levels in reproductive and vegetative buds, collected from spring to autumn. FcFT expression in leaves peaked at least two weeks before the morphological changes associated with flowering were visible in the buds in late July. FcFT expression levels were significantly higher in the reproductive buds than in the vegetative buds in July. These results suggest that the FcFT expression in July is a reliable indicator of the timing and occurrence of floral transition. This study highlights the utility of molecular tools in unraveling reproductive dynamics in plants, in combination with ecological and physiological approaches. 相似文献
20.
Guo-qing Song Aaron Walworth Dongyan Zhao Ning Jiang James F. Hancock 《Plant cell reports》2013,32(11):1759-1769