天牛科昆虫高级分类阶元实体的进化研究

本文从生物地理学、形态学、生态学、行为学、生理学、天牛—寄主植物的相互关系、地质学、气候变迁等诸方面,探讨了天牛科高级分类阶元实体的进化证据,提出了各阶元实体进化关系的新假说。研究结果表明,沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科和天牛亚科可能于侏罗纪在冈瓦纳古陆上分化出来;花天牛亚科和幽天牛亚科于白垩纪在劳亚古陆上分化出来。各亚科的进化顺序有两种可能:(1)沟胫天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科、天牛亚科、花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科;(2)沟胫天牛亚科、天牛亚科、锯天牛亚科;花天牛亚科、幽天牛亚科。文章最后还讨论了各亚科的系统发育关系。     

天牛科5亚科昆虫成虫口器形态比较

观察比较了天牛科5亚科昆虫成虫口器的形态特征。结果表明:沟胫天牛亚科上颚切齿钝,花天牛亚科和天牛亚科中访花天牛上颚内缘具毛刷,沟胫天牛亚科和锯天牛亚科天牛不具毛刷;锯天牛亚科下颚内颚叶退化,沟胫天牛亚科、花天牛亚科、天牛亚科中内颚叶、外颚叶均发达,沟胫天牛亚科下颚须第4节纺锤状,锯天牛亚科、花天牛亚科棒状,天牛亚科形态多样;花天牛亚科和天牛亚科中访花天牛下唇唇舌发达,分2叶且膜质,其他亚科中唇舌均有骨化。锯天牛亚科天牛内颚叶退化,与其成虫阶段不取食有关,花天牛亚科和天牛亚科中访花天牛唇舌发达且成膜质,与访花习性有关。     

天牛科高级阶元分类研究进展

从比较形态学 ,特别是外生殖器形态研究和生物地理学等诸方面对天牛科高级阶元的分类研究进行了综述 ,并据此总结了当今关于天牛科高级阶元分类的几个观点 ,得出了以下几点结论 :( 1 )天牛科包括 :锯天牛、异天牛、幽天牛、椎天牛、锯花天牛、膜花天牛、花天牛、天牛、沟胫天牛共 9个亚科 ;( 2 )瘦天牛亚科 (Disteniinae)提升为瘦天牛科 (Disteniidae) ;( 3 )狭胸天牛、裸天牛、暗天牛和盾天牛 4个类群的分类位置还有待确定 ;( 4 )也正因为上述 4个类群的分类地位尚未确定 ,因而天牛总科的提法和天牛总科下分几个科的问题尚待进一步的讨论     

原色日本昆虫图鉴(甲虫篇)天牛科介绍

<正> 日本甲虫学会经多年调查,落实日本本土(包括琉球群岛在内)共产天牛650种,为地处高纬度英(本土)岛国产天牛60种的10倍左右,可见大陆岛国产天牛种类是比较丰富的。图鉴(保育社1980年增补改订版)收录附图371种,按6亚科分类系统处理,沟胫天牛亚科150种,花天牛及天牛亚科各90余种,锯天牛亚科5种,下余为幽天牛及瘦天牛亚科。日本所产大陆种天牛,分化种占大部,有些种可说明分布的南北极限,种的特征固定,也有色斑有变化的种类。如为东洋区特产,日本为分布北限的有:长毛虎天牛Mimistena     

利用分子标记18S rDNA对天牛高阶元进化关系的研究

【目的】构建天牛总科高阶元的进化关系,为解决天牛各亚科之间进化关系和归属提供依据。【方法】本研究采用18S rDNA(V4、V7区)分子标记,分析和测定了49种天牛基因序列,并结合GenBank数据库中3科2亚科21种天牛的18S rDNA基因序列,采用邻近法(Neighbor Jointing,NJ)、贝叶斯推论法(Bayesian Inference,BI)和最大似然法(Maximum Likelihood),对天牛总科3科6亚科的70种天牛基因序列构建进化树,探讨天牛高阶元类群的进化关系。【结果】研究表明:序列分析比对后得到序列为703 bp,碱基A、T、C、G的含量分别为21.1%、26.3%、23.6%和28.9%;变异位点(Variable sites)98个占全部位点的13.9%,简约信息位点(Parsimony informative sites)45个占全部位点的6.4%;转换(Transition)/颠换(Transversion)的平均值R值为2.79,转换大于颠换。进化树结果显示沟胫天牛亚科Lamiinae、天牛亚科Cerambycinae、锯天牛亚科Prioninae和瘦天牛科Disteniidae为单系性进化群,这与传统形态学分类结果相似。【结论】本研究成功构建了天牛总科高阶元的系统发育树,研究证明18S rDNA(V4、V7区)是探讨天牛高级阶元分类有效的分子标记。     

贺兰山天牛科昆虫区系组成及垂直分布

2013-2015年对贺兰山不同海拔和垂直植被带的天牛科昆虫进行系统调查,结果表明:贺兰山共有天牛科昆虫6亚科31属45种,其中,沟胫天牛亚科属、种数最多,有14属21种,其种数占总种数46.67%,天牛亚科有9属12种,幽天牛亚科有4属5种,花天牛亚科有2属4种,锯天牛亚科2属2种,膜花天牛亚科仅有1属1种。区系组成上,古北界有17种,占总种数的37.78%,其中中亚成分占35.29%,广布型28种,占总种数的62.22%。在我国昆虫地理区划中的分布共有13个分布类型,全国广布型最多,占总种数的20%。以蒙新区种类为主体,并与东北区和华北区关系密切联系。在垂直分布上,以山前阔叶林带采集到的天牛种类最多,有22种,占总数的48.89%;从低海拔的山前荒漠半荒漠带到高海拔的山地针叶林带,天牛物种数量逐渐增加;除山地草原带外,随海拔增高,古北界种类逐渐增多。通过聚类分析显示,山地针叶林带和针阔混交林带天牛种类组成相似性较高;山地灌丛带、山地疏林带和山前阔叶林带相似性较高;山前荒漠半荒漠带、山地草地带与其他植被带天牛组成差异较大。     

基于线粒体16S rDNA基因的天牛科部分种类分子系统学研究(鞘翅目:天牛科)

研究测定了天牛科3亚科9种昆虫线粒体16S rDNA基因约500bp的序列,对序列的碱基组成和遗传距离进行分析。并基于16S rDNA基因序列数据,采用邻接法(NJ)和最大简约法(MP)分析天牛科3亚科分子系统发育关系。研究结果表明,2种方法得到的分子系统树其分支结果一致,可将内群分为2个分支,第1个分支包括沟胫天牛亚科和天牛亚科;第2个分支包括花天牛亚科。16SrDNA基因对天牛科亚科间系统发育的研究是有价值的。     

天牛科新种记述

本文记述天牛科新种十种,属于花天牛亚科的二种,天牛亚科的三种,沟胫天牛亚科的五种。新种模式标本存放地点,除在新种下注明的而外,均存西南农学院植保系。 花天牛亚科 x纹筒花天牛Encyclops x-signata Chiang新种(图版I:1) 雄虫 体型狭长,两侧平行,近圆筒形。全体茶褐色,被极薄的灰黄色绒毛;鞘翅背中央各有一淡黄褐色大形半环纹,左右相合成“X”纹,翅基部五分之一处各有一同色的斜弧纹,其后端左右相接,沿中缝下伸与“X”纹的中间相连,翅端部五分之一处淡黄褐色,斑纹之间的部分茶褐色较深暗。     

松墨天牛的初步观察

<正> 松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope也称松褐天牛或松天牛,属天牛科的沟胫天牛亚科(Lamiinae)松墨天牛属。     

沟胫天牛族三新种记述(鞘翅目:天牛科:沟胫天牛亚科)

记述了沟胫天牛亚科沟胫天牛族Ａｇｎｉｎｉ３新种,即双斑齿胫天牛Ｐａｒａｌｅｐｒｏｄｅｒａ ｂｉｍａｃｕｌａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,云南棱柄天牛Ｎａｎｏｈａｍｍｕｓ ｙｕｎｎａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和白斑肖墨天牛Ｘｅｎｏｈａｍｍｕｓ ａｌｂｏｍａｃｕｌａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种模式标本保存于西南农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

Higher‐level phylogeny of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) inferred from mitochondrial genomes

Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles) and related families in the superfamily Chrysomeloidea are important components of forest ecosystems and play a key role in nutrient cycling and pollination. Using full mitochondrial genomes and dense taxon sampling, the phylogeny of Chrysomeloidea with a focus on Cerambycidae and allied families was explored. We used 151 mitochondrial genomes (75 newly sequenced) covering all families and 29 subfamilies of Chrysomeloidea. Our results reveal that (i) Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles) are sister to all other chrysomeloid families; (ii) Cerambycidae sensu stricto (s. s.) is polyphyletic due to the inclusion of other families that split Cerambycidae into a ‘lamiine’ clade comprising Lepturinae sensu lato (s. l.) + (Lamiinae + Spondylidinae) and a ‘cerambycine’ clade comprising Dorcasominae + (Cerambycinae + Prioninae s. l.); (iii) the subfamilies within the two clades of Cerambycidae s. s. were monophyletic, except for the placement of Necydalinae nested in Lepturinae, and the placement of Parandrinae within Prioninae (now considered as tribes Necydalini and Parandrini, respectively); (iv) smaller families were grouped into two major clades: one composed of Disteniidae+Vesperidae and the other composed of Orsodacnidae + (Megalopodidae + Oxypeltidae); (v) relationships among the four major clades were poorly supported but were resolved as ((cerambycines + (Disteniidae + Vesperidae) + Orsodacnidae + (Megalopodidae + Oxypeltidae)) + lamiines. Divergence time analyses estimated that Chrysomeloidea originated ca. 154.1 Mya during the late Jurassic, and most subfamilies of Cerambycidae originated much earlier than subfamilies of Chrysomelidae. The diversification of families within Chrysomeloidea was largely coincident with the radiation of angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous.     

The specific assemblage structure of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera,Cerambycidae) in floodplain forests of the western part of Saratov oblast

The biodiversity structure and habitat requirements of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in floodplain forests of the western part of Saratov oblast were studied from 2011 to 2014. A total of 51 species of longhorn beetles has been identified. The largest subfamilies are Cerambycinae (19 species), Lepturinae (17 species), and Lamiinae (13 species). The specific communities include 34, 14, 11, 9, 7, 7, 6, and 3 species for oak, aspen, elm, willow, linden, maple, alder, and ash tree, respectively. The largest number of longhorn beetle species was found in oak forests.     

Differences in genitalia structure and function between subfamilies of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Beetle genitalia are usually described only for taxonomic purposes without considering the possible function of structures. Exceptions are sporadic detailed studies on single species. We studied genital structures in the subfamilies of Cerambycidae and outlined assumptions on the function of these structures and the implications for the phylogeny of the Cerambycidae. We found that male genitalia in particular are taxon-specific on a higher taxonomic level; e.g., the parameres are widely variable in Cerambycinae, while in most Lamiinae species they appear relatively uniform and differ from those of the Cerambycinae. Internal sac structures are very different among the various subfamilies. Small backwards-pointing spines are the most common armature of the internal sac. The female genitalia are less variable, although ovipositor morphology may differ among subfamilies. In most species, the connection between the mates during copulation is achieved by the long internal sac and the ovipositor only, whereas the median lobe and parameres are in contact with the female abdomen only at the beginning of copulation. Cerambycinae and Lepturinae have a basal swelling of the endophallus to prevent it from sliding back into the male abdomen during copulation. The long internal sac functions in connecting the mates and guaranteeing the sperm transfer.     

New species,new genera,and new records in Cerambycidae from Peru (Coleoptera)

Three new species and two new genera of longhorn beetles are described from Peru: Cosmoplatus polis n. sp. (Pteroplatini), Hemilocallia grishami n. gen., n. sp. (Calliini) and Arabela ramirezi n. gen., n. sp. (Hemilophini). Esmeralda laetifica Bates, 1869 (Prioninae), Stratone transversalis (Chevrolat, 1862) (Cerambycinae), Gymnocerina cratosomoides (Bates, 1862) (Lamiinae), and Trachysomus verrucosus (Olivier, 1795) (Lamiinae) are new records for Peru.     

基于核糖体DNA联合序列的天牛总科高阶元分子系统学研究

【目的】利用核糖体DNA联合序列探讨天牛总科高阶元分子系统发育。【方法】本研究采用分子标记技术,分析测定了63种天牛核糖体28S rDNA D2和D3区以及18S rDNA V4和V7区的DNA序列,并采用邻接法、最大似然法和贝叶斯推论法分别构建了天牛总科2科6亚科63种的分子进化系统。【结果】序列联合比对分析,最终得到1 404 bp的联合数据组,其中可变位点446个（32.0%）,保守位点958（68.0%）,转换/颠换的平均值（R值）为1.73。28S rDNA和18S rDNA以及联合序列的饱和度分析显示碱基突变未达到饱和,说明这些序列适合于分子进化树的构建。利用不同系统发育重建方法得到进化树具有相似拓扑结构,结果支持沟胫天牛亚科、花天牛亚科和天牛亚科为单系群,这与形态学分类结果相似;狭胸天牛独立成为亚科得到了支持。【结论】利用28S rDNA D2和D3区以及18S rDNA V4和V7区联合序列成功构建出了天牛总科高阶元的系统发育树。研究表明联合序列分析是探讨天牛高阶元分类的有效的方法。