云南广南古近纪紧齿犀类新材料

记述了云南广南盆地古近纪砚山组紧齿犀科(Eggysodontidae)一新属种:杨氏广南犀Guangnanodon youngi gen.et sp.nov.,标本为一破损的带p3-m3的左下颌骨。新属种的特征为下前臼齿的臼齿化程度低,p3-p4的下内脊弱,向内收缩呈尖叶状,p4和m2的下次脊略偏向内侧倾斜,m3的下跟座与m2的相近,接近V形,p4-m3外齿带在下原尖和下次尖基部消失。这些特征表明广南犀明显比晚始新世的Proeggysodon进步,而比渐新世的其他紧齿犀类原始,其时代很可能为晚始新世最晚期。新标本的发现结合以前报道过的哺乳动物化石材料表明,广南盆地砚山组包含了中始新世晚期至晚始新世晚期的沉积。     

中国江西始新统的Palibinia——兼论北半球古近纪干旱气候形成机制

报道江西临江镇晚始新世临江组内发现的含Palibinia植物群。详细记述了Palibinia属的研究历史,其地质、地理分布以及其命名问题。从其叶形态、伴生的蒸发岩以及植被的分异度等确认Palibinia为旱生植物,并对其所代表的干旱气候形成机制予以探讨。文中描述了该植物群中的6种主要植物化石,特别是对Palibinia及Nelumbo二属的代表给以较详尽的描述和讨论。     

北部湾盆地海中凹陷古近纪古气候研究

古气候对烃源岩的发育具有重要的控制作用,温暖湿润的气候成为优质湖相烃源岩发育的有利气候条件。本次根据X1井及X2井的孢粉资料及粘土矿物数据,采用孢粉定量统计分析与粘土矿物分析相结合的方法,对海中凹陷中始新世—晚渐新世的古气候进行了研究。研究显示海中凹陷流沙港组二段沉积时期(中—晚始新世)气候相对温暖湿润,为南亚热带湿润—半湿润气候;流沙港组一段沉积时期(晚始新世—早渐新世早期)气候开始转凉,为中亚热带湿润—半湿润气候;涠洲组沉积时期(早渐新世晚期—晚渐新世晚期)气候逐渐变得干燥,为中亚热带半湿润—半干旱气候,同时明确了流沙港组二段沉积时期为海中凹陷优质湖相烃源岩发育的最佳时期。     

广东三水盆地古近纪的介形类动物群

三水盆地古近系介形类化石主要来自全取芯钻井剖面.据170口钻井3 855个样品统计,发现介形类17属49种,本文描述其中16属47种,包括2个新种.三水盆地古近纪的介形类动物群以Sinocypris,Cyprois,Limno-cythere三属分布最广、最常见,故称Sinocypris-Cyprois-Limnocythere动物群,简称Sinocypris动物群.根据介形类化石纵向分布和富集规律,选择最常见主要属种的鼎盛时期建立5个化石带(顶峰带),自下而上为:Ⅰ.Cyprisconcina带;Ⅱ.Sinocypris pulchra带;Ⅲ.Cyprois reniformis带;Ⅳ.Sinocypris reticulata带;Ⅴ.Limnocythere ir-recularis带.本文把古新统(E1)/始新统(E2)界线放在Ⅲ/Ⅳ带之间,认为Ⅰ-Ⅲ带的莘庄村组、饰心组、宝月组的时代为古新世,分别为早、中、晚期,Ⅳ、Ⅴ两带的华涌组的时代为早始新世.     

内蒙古中始新世一似ameghinornithid鸟类(鸟纲:Cariamae:Ameghinornithidae?)

内蒙古二连盆地额尔登敖包剖面(相当于伊尔丁曼哈组)的中始新世早期地层中新发现的一件标本显示其属于一个与ameghinornithid相似的种,代表了Ameghinomithidae在亚洲的首个记录.新标本具有外踝半圆形,缺失骨质腱桥,伸肌沟外侧具有大而平的结节,以及其他与ameghinomithid和似ameghinomithid鸟类共有的特征.内蒙古标本与欧洲最古老的ameghinomithids记录大体属同一时代(约48 Ma).与同时期内蒙古哺乳动物群主要由亚洲类群组成兼有少量与北美有关的绝灭类群不同,这类鸟类中始新世时在北美缺失,而存在于欧洲和亚洲.加上埃及法尤姆早渐新世地层中发现的似ameghinomithid鸟类,这类已经绝灭的鸟类的地理分布似乎比过去所认为的要广泛得多.     

探索古鸟类羽毛的颜色

色泽鲜艳的羽毛,是大自然赋予鸟类最珍贵的礼物,当我们惊叹于眼前身着五彩羽毛的鸟儿时,也曾想过：数千万年前,原始鸟类的羽毛是什么颜色？     

云南新平哀牢山秋季夜间网捕鸟类的影响因素

2007-09-05—2007-11-05和2008-09-03—2008-11-07期间,在云南省新平县哀牢山金山丫口（23º57’ N, 101º30’E）对影响秋季夜间网捕鸟类组成因素进行了调查。主要利用温湿度表和定性观察对各因素进行判断。其研究结果表明, 地理特点是影响夜间网捕鸟类种类的主要因素;气象条件是影响夜间网捕鸟类种类和数量的重要因素。气象条件中的风向、风力、雾以及月相周期对夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类的影响极其显著（P<0.01）。风向的影响比风力大,其中,在西南风大雾新月或者在西南风大雾残月期间,夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类最多;光也是夜间网捕鸟类的必要条件。然而,温湿度对夜间网捕鸟类数量和种类影响不显著。     

云南大围山和鸡足山常绿阔叶林林下鸟类群落比较

西双版纳的林下层鸟类以多物种、低密度为特征,而华南地区普遍以灰眶雀鹛单优势种为特征。为了探究云南其他地区林下层鸟类群落的特点是否类似于西双版纳以及云南的地形地势对林下层鸟类的影响,于2011年11月—2012年9月,采用雾网法研究了位于红河断裂带以东的滇东南大围山、滇西北鸡足山常绿阔叶林的林下鸟类群落。大围山张网5614网·h,捕获林下鸟类52种735只,隶属于13科3目;鸡足山共张网4731网·h,捕获林下鸟类45种413只,隶属于15科2目。大围山和鸡足山林下鸟类物种多样性低于西双版纳勐养林下鸟类物种多样性,大围山和鸡足山优势鸟种占的比例高于勐养优势种的比例、尤其是灰眶雀鹛占的比例高,大围山和鸡足山两地的留鸟物种组成相似性高、而与勐养相差较远,大围山和鸡足山两地的候鸟的比例也高于西双版纳勐养地区候鸟的比例。本文分析了大围山、鸡足山和勐养的自然地理格局及其林下鸟类群落组成特点,认为云南红河断裂带对林下鸟类群落组成有明显影响。     

全球气候变暖对中国鸟类区系的影响

近百年来,气候系统变暖是毋庸置疑的.政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)的第4次评估报告中指出,最近100年中(1906～2005年)气温上升了约0.74℃.已经有充分的研究表明全球气候变暖对鸟类分布,种群动态以及物候等方面产生了影响.根据作者以往研究经历以及对近20年来中国鸟类分布变化的资料进行统计分析,已知受气候变暖而改变分布范围的鸟类共120种,其中东洋界鸟类88种,古北界鸟类12种,广布种鸟类20种.因受全球气候变暖影响,中国鸟类区系的变化速率加快.本文初步探讨气候变化对我国鸟类产生的影响,并对今后该领域的研究提出一些建议.     

渤海湾盆地古近纪海水通道与储层探新

文中列举了海相生物实体化石、海相痕迹化石、海相生物碎屑、以及海相自生矿物等实据后,认为在辽河至长江问的“第二沉降带”这一南北向区间,在孔店组-沙河街组沉积期,存在一条类似于北美的白垩纪海路(Cretaceous seaway)那样的海水通道,通道内海水水体浅,且停留时间短,只在高位期出现。此时海域,宽120～340km,可从下辽河延伸到江汉盆地。就储层沉积环境而言,此时古构造台地区,可形成点礁或碳酸盐岩滩坝。到低位期,海水即离开“第二沉降带”,转而成为星罗棋布的湖泊和下切河流,并随之出现与湖泊相关特别是与下切谷相关的储层。     

ORIGIN OF THE AVIFAUNA OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN SINGAPORE

A list of the commoner garden and town birds of the tropical city of Singapore is given. None of them are birds of the rain forest which formerly covered the island. The majority are coastal species the natural habitats of which were mangrove and the thin fringe of savanna along parts of the east coast of the Malayan Peninsula. The reasons for this are discussed.
The number of garden species is comparatively small and many niches appear to be vacant. These are expected to be filled mainly by open country species moving down the peninsula from Burma and Thailand along the corridors being opened up by deforestation. This process has already begun, though few species have yet reached as far south as Singapore.
The garden avifauna is unstable and numerous changes in status have occurred in the last few decades; many more are predicted.     

THE MAIN VICISSITUDES OF THE EUROPEAN AVIFAUNA SINCE THE PLIOCENE

.1. Recent knowledge of the Pleistocene and subsequent ecological changes is summarized. Four glaciations are recognized, each with more than one maximum. The interglacials were all at least as warm as the present day.
2. A map shows the vegetation belts of Europe and the probable limits of permanent sea-ice at the height of the Last Glaciation, about 70,000 years ago. There is reason to believe that the main features of the vegetation-map would apply also to the height of the other glaciations.
3. The avian fossil data are discussed and for the most part of necessity rejected for the present purpose.
4. The main inferences drawn of bird distribution at a glacial maximum are that ( a ) a rich avifauna occupied the treeless (grassy) loess-tundra on the southern edge of the ice, ( b ) practically no arboreal birds could live north of the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Black Sea except in a strip across central Russia, ( c ) the birds of deciduous woodland were confined to part of the three Mediterranean peninsulas, ( d ) "Mediterranean" species were practically expelled from Europe.
5. This implies that the populations of coniferous forest must have been reduced to about one-third of their interglacial extent in Europe and those of deciduous woodlands to one-tenth. Most of the sea-bird species probably suffered less severe fluctuations in numbers, but underwent north-and-south changes in breeding range.
6. The post-glacial recovery of the climate has not been uninterrupted, so that in the last 80,000 years there have probably been only about 8000 during which there have been any arboreal birds north of Germany.
7. The implications of the changes on the details of the migration system are discussed.     

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SOUTHERN NIGERIAN AVIFAUNA TO THOSE OF UPPER AND LOWER GUINEA

The composition of the forest avifauna of Southern Nigeria is analysed in the light of the most recent work in the region. It is found that east of the Niger the affinities are with Lower Guinea: at Lagos with Upper Guinea; in the Ondo-Benin area not definitely with either. A discussion of the barriers between the two sub-regions follows, and it is claimed that, whereas the Lagos-Accra savanna gap and the Cameroon montane area can each account for about one quarter of the total change, factors within Nigeria were almost twice as important in causing differentiation. It is suggested that these factors were a combination of climatic conditions and northward position of the coastline in late or post-Pliocene times, giving rise to a condition similar to that we find today between Lagos and Accra.