云南淡水水母一新种(淡水水母目:笠水母科)

１９９５年６月１３日于云南芳师范学校校园内一人工水池中采得淡水水母标本,其生殖腺的形态和颜色,刺丝囊疣的开头与,均与桃花水母属已知种有明显差异。兹订为一新种,楚雄桃花水母Ｃｒａｓｐｅｄａｃｕｓｔａ ｃｈｕｘｉｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈｅ,Ｘｕ ｅｔ Ｎｉｅ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

中国桃花水母属的修订（淡水水母目，笑水母科）

作者对我国的桃花水母属Craspedacusta的2亚种和2变种重新通过形态学观察,并与国内外已发表的Craspeda-custa属7种相比较,其刺丝囊疣的形状和排列及生殖腺的形状和颜色均存在明显的差异。故认为此2亚种和2变种应提升为种,即信阳桃花水母Craspedacusta xinyangensis He,1980,杭州桃花水母Craspedacusta hangzhouensis He,1980、乐山桃花水母Craspedacusta kiatingi Gaw and Kung,1939和宜昌桃花水母Craspedacusta kawaii(Oka,1907)。本文将全世界11种桃花水母的形态特征作了比较并附以系统检索。     

中国桃花水母属的修订(淡水水母目,笠水母科)

作者对我国的桃花水母属Craspedacusta的2亚种和2变种重新通过形态学观察,并与国内外已发表的Craspeda-custa属7种相比较,其刺丝囊疣的形状和排列及生殖腺的形状和颜色均存在明显的差异.故认为此2亚种和2变种应提升为种,即信阳桃花水母Craspedacusta xinyangensis He,1980,杭州桃花水母Craspedacusta hangzhouensis He,1980、乐山桃花水母Craspedacusta kiatingi Gaw and Kung,1939和宜昌桃花水母Craspedacusta kawaii(Oka,1907).本文将全世界11种桃花水母的形态特征作了比较并附以系统检索.     

中华桃花水母室内存活时间及死亡特征

2006年2月,在重庆市嘉陵江采集中华桃花水母(Craspedacusta sinensis),分别以不同密度(1～12只)饲养,观察其存活时间及死亡特征。结果表明在室内,中华桃花水母存活时间最短为34天,最长为51天;当其外形发生皱缩、生殖腺逐渐减淡甚至变为白色时,预示着中华桃花水母即将死亡。     

长江口及邻近海域浮游水螅水母、管水母和栉水母的丰度分布与季节变化

依据2002—2003年长江口及邻近海域(29°00'—32°00'N、122°00—123°30'E)4个季节的海洋调查资料,探讨了该水域小型水母(含水螅水母、管水母和栉水母)总丰度的空间分布特征及季节差异。结果显示,该海域共出现小型水母41种,其中水螅水母28种,管水螅11种,栉水母2种。主要优势种包括管水母大西洋五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和气囊水母(Physophora hydrostatica)以及水螅水母四叶小舌水母(Liriope tetraphylla)、两手筐水母(Solmundella bitentaculata)和短柄和平水母(Eirene brevistylus),其中大西洋五角水母为冬、春季第一优势种,双生水母则为夏、秋季第一优势种。该水域小型水母总丰度呈明显季节差异,夏季丰度最高((337.33±55.68)个/m~2),春、秋季次之(分别为(142.09±67.71)个/m~2和(132.84±35.17)个/m~2),冬季最低((113.69±32.72)个/m~2)。水温是影响调查区小型水母总丰度季节变化的主要环境因子,小型水母丰度与表层温度显著正相关(P0.01)。盐度是影响小型水母平面分布格局的主要环境因子,春季小型水母丰度与底层盐度正相关(P0.05),夏季与10 m层盐度正相关(P0.01),全年则是与10 m层盐度正相关(P0.01)。此外,调查水域小型水母丰度与其饵料——小型桡足类亦存在显著正相关关系(P0.01)。     

中国水螅水母类一新属二新种（水螅水母纲：原帽水母科,真唇水母科）

本文报道作者于1987年在台湾浅滩水域所采集的原帽水母科一新属新种Latitiara orientalis gen.er sp. nov.和真唇水母属一新种Eucheilota taiwanensis sp.nov.。     

台湾海峡及其邻近海区珍妮水母属的研究(丝螅水母目,面具水母科)

记述了台湾海峡及其邻近海区面具水母科Pandeidae Haeckel,1870珍妮水母属faniopsis Bouillon,1980 5新种,即顶斑珍妮水母faniopsis apicispottis Xu,Huang et Lin,Sp.nov.、短距珍妮水母f.brevispura Xu,Huang et Guo,sp.nov.、大球珍妮水母f.macrobulbosa Xu,Huang et Guo,sp.nov.、南沙珍妮水母f.nanshaensis Xu,Huang et Lin,sp.nov.和蹄形珍妮水母f.unguliformis Xu,Huang et Lin,sp.nov.;并讨论了它们与近缘种的区别,同时将珍妮水母属已知种作个检索表.模式标本保存在厦门大学海洋学系.     

管水母

管水母为远洋性水母类，无水螅型，水母型表现出高度多态现象。其群体由管养体、指状体、繁殖体、叶状体、生殖芽体、游泳钟及浮器等特化个体组成，具有摄食、保护、生殖、漂浮、游泳等不同的功能。我国沿海已发现近８０种。     

台湾海峡及其邻近海区单肢水母属的研究(丝螅水母目,高手水母科)

记述了台湾海峡及其邻近海区高手水母科Bougainvillidae Lutken,1850单肢水母属Nubiella Bouillon,1980 6新种和1新组合,即棍棒单肢水母Nubiella claviformis Xu,Huang et Lin,sp.nov.,间腺单肢水母N.intergona Xu,Huang et Lin,sp.nov.,大胃单肢水母N.macrogastera Xu,Huang et Lin,sp.nov.,大腺单肢水母N. macrogona Xu,Huang et Guo,sp.nov.,口刺单肢水母N. oralospinela Xu,Huang et Guo,sp.nov.,乳突单肢水母N. papilaris Xu,Huang et Guo,sp.nov.和阿尔单肢水母N.alvarinoae(Segura,1980)comb.nov.,并讨论了它们与近缘种的区别,同时将单肢水母属已知种作个检索表.模式标本保存在厦门大学海洋学系.     

中国南海单肢水母属二新种(丝螅水母目,高手水母科)

记述了采自南海花水母亚纲Anthomedusae Haeckel,1879、丝螅水母目Filifera Kühn,1913、高手水母科Bougain villidae Lütken,1850、单肢水母属Nubiella Bouillon,19802新种,即球形单肢水母N. globosa Lin,Xu et Huang,sp.nov.和球腺单肢水母N. globogona Wang,Guo et Xue,sp.nov.,对新种特征进行了绘图和描述。模式标本保存于国家海洋局第三海洋研究所。     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Collagen-like triple helix formation of synthetic (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 analogues: (4(S)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10, (4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10 and (4(S)-fluoroprolyl-4(R)-fluoroprolyl-Gly)10.

For the rational design of a stable collagen triple helix according to the conventional rule that the pyrrolidine puckerings of Pro, 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) and 4-fluoroproline (fPro) should be down at the X-position and up at the Y-position in the X-Y-Gly repeated sequence for enhancing the triple helix propensities of collagen model peptides, a series of peptides were prepared in which X- and Y-positions were altogether occupied by Hyp(R), Hyp(S), fPro(R) or fPro(S). Contrary to our presumption that inducing the X-Y residues to adopt a down-up conformation would result in an increase in the thermal stability of peptides, the triple helices of (Hyp(S)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (fPro(S)-fPro(R)-Gly)(10) were less stable than those of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (Pro-fPro(R)-Gly)(10), respectively. As reported by B?chinger's and Zagari's groups, (Hyp(R)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) which could have an up-up conformation unfavorable for the triple helix, formed a triple helix that has a high thermal stability close to that of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10). These results clearly show that the empirical rule based on the conformational preference of pyrrolidine ring at each of X and Y residues should not be regarded as still valid, at least for predicting the stability of collagen models in which both X and Y residues have electronegative groups at the 4-position.     

Role of tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) gene modules in catabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4)

The enzymes chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase, chloromuconate cycloisomerase, dienelactone hydrolase, and maleylacetate reductase allow Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) to degrade chlorocatechols formed during growth in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate or 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB). There are two gene modules located in plasmid pJP4, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) (module I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) (module II), putatively encoding these enzymes. To assess the role of both tfd modules in the degradation of chloroaromatics, each module was cloned into the medium-copy-number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2 under the control of the tfdR regulatory gene. These constructs were introduced into R. eutropha JMP222 (a JMP134 derivative lacking pJP4) and Pseudomonas putida KT2442, two strains able to transform 3-CB into chlorocatechols. Specific activities in cell extracts of chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD), and dienelactone hydrolase (tfdE) were 2 to 50 times higher for microorganisms containing module I compared to those containing module II. In contrast, a significantly (50-fold) higher activity of maleylacetate reductase (tfdF) was observed in cell extracts of microorganisms containing module II compared to module I. The R. eutropha JMP222 derivative containing tfdR-tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) grew four times faster in liquid cultures with 3-CB as a sole carbon and energy source than in cultures containing tfdR-tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). In the case of P. putida KT2442, only the derivative containing module I was able to grow in liquid cultures of 3-CB. These results indicate that efficient degradation of 3-CB by R. eutropha JMP134(pJP4) requires the two tfd modules such that TfdCDE is likely supplied primarily by module I, while TfdF is likely supplied by module II.     

Induction of in vitro flowering in Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae) seedlings is associated with increase in endogenous N(6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and N (6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) levels

We analysed the endogenous cytokinin levels of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In seedlings grown in vitro during vegetative and flowering-inductive periods. HPLC was used to fractionate the extracts and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for assay of zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DZ), N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and their derivatives. Coconut water used in experiments was found to contain high level (>136 pmol ml(-1)) of zeatin riboside (ZR). Protocorms and seedlings cultured in medium with coconut water were found to contain 0.5-3.9 pmol g(-1) FW of the cytokinins analysed. Seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in flowering-inductive liquid medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA, 4.4 muM) and coconut water (CW, 15%) contained up to 200 and 133 pmol g(-1) FW of iP and iPA, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than all other cytokinins analysed in seedlings of the same stage and were about 80- to 150-folds higher than seedlings cultured in non-inductive medium. During the transitional (vegetative to reproductive) stage, the endogenous levels of iP (178 pmol g(-1) FW) and iPA (63 pmol g(-1) FW) were also significantly higher than cytokinins in the zeatine (Z) and dihydrozeatin (DZ) families in the same seedlings. Seedlings that grew on inductive medium but remained vegetative contained lower levels of iPA. The importance of the profiles of iP and its derivatives in induction of in vitro flowering of D. Madame Thong-In is discussed.     

Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.     

Spectroscopic investigations of Er(3+) :CdO-Bi(2) O(3) -B(2) O(3) glasses

This article reports on the optical properties of Er³⁺ ions doped CdO–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃ (CdBiB) glasses. The materials were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. By using Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and also oscillatory strengths were calculated from the absorption spectra. The results were used to compute the radiative properties of Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. The concentration quenching and energy transfer from Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ were explained. The stimulated emission cross‐section, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and FWHM × values are also calculated for all the Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cationic (tripyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes

The formation of cationic palladium(II)complexes [TrpyPd^II]⁺X⁻ by salt metathesis of the respective trifluoroacetates with different salts of weakly coordinating anions X⁻ was investigated. With non-hydrolizable counterions, cationic mono- and dinuclear complexes are observed depending on the nature of the anion X⁻ and the solvent. The mononuclear cations, which are only formed with X = BAr^F, most probably carry a weakly bound molecule of dichloromethane at the fourth coordination site of Pd^II. When treated with diazoalkanes, only these are sufficiently reactive to form carbene complexes. Four- and five coordinate Lewis base adducts [TrpyPd^IIL]⁺ with L = CH₃NC, tBuNH₂, PMe₃, PEt₃ and PiPr₃ and [TrpyPd^IIL₂]⁺ with L = PMe₃ were prepared from the mononuclear cations [TrpyPd^II]⁺BAr^F−. From structural studies it becomes apparent, that the formation of stable five coordinate Pd^II species is restricted to medium size ligands and depends on the delicate balance between the steric influence of L and the strain, which is induced on the TrpyPd^II unit.     

Copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes of chiral tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (TTF-OX) and tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyl-oxazoline (TTF-SMe-OX) derivatives

Synthesis and single crystal X-ray structures of the first paramagnetic transition metal complexes containing chiral ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (EDT-TTF-OX) 1a-c and ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyloxazoline 2 (EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX) ligands based on copper (II) and cobalt (II) are described. The racemic [EDT-TTF-OX][Cu(hfac)₂] complex 3a crystallizes in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group , whereas the enantiopure counterparts 3b-c crystallize in the triclinic non-centrosymmetric space group P1. Cu(II) adopts a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry, a much weaker Cu?S_TTF interaction also being identified. The same coordination pattern around Cu(II) is observed in the complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Cu(hfac)₂] (4) in spite of the bidentate nature of the redox active ligand. DFT theoretical calculations afforded two equilibrium configurations for a corresponding model complex, in which the metal centre establishes secondary coordination either with one S_TTF or with the SMe group. The same ligand coordinates the cobalt (II) to afford the octahedral complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Co(hfac)₂] (5). In all these novel complexes, the paramagnetic centres are structurally and magnetically isolated. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show the stability of the radical cation species.     

Synthesis and properties of trinuclear polypyridyl complexes Ru(II)-Co(II)-Ru(II) and Ru(II)-Co(III)-Ru(II): Their photoinduced interconversion

The trinuclear [{Ru^II(bpy)₂(bpy-terpy)}₂Co^II]⁶⁺ complex (1⁶⁺) in which a Co(II)-bis-terpyridine-like centre is covalently linked to two Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine-like moieties by a bridging bipyridine-terpyridine ligand has been synthesised and characterised. Its electrochemical, photophysical and photochemical properties have been investigated in CH₃CN. The cyclic voltammetry exhibits two successive reversible oxidation processes, corresponding to the Co^III/Co^II and Ru^III/Ru^II redox couples at E_1/2 = −0.06 and 0.91 V vs Ag/Ag⁺ 10 mM, respectively. The one-electron oxidized form of the complex, [{Ru^II(bpy)₂(bpy-terpy)}₂Co^III]⁷⁺ (1⁷⁺) obtained after exhaustive electrolysis carried out at 0.2 V is fully stable. 1⁶⁺ and 1⁷⁺ are only poorly luminescent, indicating that the covalent linkage of the Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine centre to the cobalt subunit leads to a strong quenching of the Ru^II excited state by an intramolecular process. Luminescence lifetime experiments carried out at different temperatures indicate that the transfer is more efficient for 1⁷⁺ compare to 1⁶⁺ due to lower activation energy. Continuous irradiation of 1⁷⁺ performed at 405 nm in the presence of P(Ph)₃ acting as sacrificial electron donor leads to its quantitative reduction into 1⁶⁺, whereas similar experiment starting from 1⁶⁺ with a sulfonium salt as sacrificial electron acceptor converts 1⁶⁺ into 1⁷⁺ with a slower rate and a maximum yield of 80%. These photoinduced electron transfers were followed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and compared with those obtained with a simple mixture of both mononuclear parent complexes i.e. [Ru^II(bpy)₃]²⁺ and [Co^II(tolyl-terpy)₂]²⁺ or [Co^III(tolyl-terpy)₂]³⁺ (tolyl-terpy = 4′-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine).