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1.
黄龙病Huanglongbing(HLB)是世界性的重大柑橘病害,在中国主要由亚洲柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama传播。该害虫的传病特性与机制一直是相关研究热点之一。本文综述了近些年该领域的研究成果,包括亚洲柑橘木虱传播黄龙病的方式、传病过程与机制,以及影响传病效率的因素等方面,为该木虱及黄龙病的防控与深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
亚洲柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama和柚喀木虱Cacopsylla citrisuga YangLi均为柑桔上的重要害虫,前者为黄龙病的主要媒介昆虫,后者也已证实为黄龙病菌的携带者。本文对这两种木虱各龄若虫和成虫的过冷却点和体液结冰点进行了测定,结果表明,柑橘木虱过冷却点和冰点均以1龄若虫最低,平均值分别为-26.32℃和-26.22℃;成虫的过冷却点和冰点最高,分别为-19.60℃和-18.71℃;其它虫态过冷却点和冰点由低到高依次为2龄若虫、4龄若虫、5龄若虫、3龄若虫。柚喀木虱过冷却点和冰点也均以1龄若虫最低,平均值分别为-25.30℃和-25.08℃;5龄若虫的过冷却点和冰点最高,平均分别为-19.50℃和-17.69℃;其它虫态过冷却点和冰点由低到高依次为2龄若虫、3龄若虫、4龄若虫、成虫。两种木虱的比较结果表明,各发育阶段的表现不一致,柚喀木虱的3龄若虫和成虫过冷却点显著低于柑桔木虱,而4龄、5龄若虫则显著高于柑桔木虱;3龄若虫体液结冰点也显著低于柑桔木虱,但1龄、4龄却显著高于柑桔木虱。柑桔木虱雌雄成虫的过冷却点和体液结冰点差异不显著。研究结果表明两种木虱的过冷却点、体液结冰点都较低,因而可能具有较强的耐寒能力。  相似文献   

3.
《环境昆虫学报》2013,35(4):445-451
在新种柑橘园中栽种柑橘无毒苗,定期监测和防治果园内柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama,防治时期为各新梢萌芽期,重点防治期为早夏梢期和早秋梢期;与此同时,调查柑橘园周围柑橘木虱寄主植物,每年2月下旬、5月上旬、8月下旬和11月下旬定期喷药,清除柑橘园周围寄主植物上的柑橘木虱。结果表明,果园内柑橘木虱和黄龙病均得到有效的控制,果园内柑橘木虱种群数量控制在很低的水平,最高为225头/公顷,最低为0;黄龙病发病率也很低,2008年为8‰,实施该技术后,发病率逐年下降,2012年降低到01‰。  相似文献   

4.
柑橘木虱是柑橘黄龙病的重要传播虫媒。目前对柑橘黄龙病的防治尚缺有效的药剂和抗病品种,加强对柑橘木虱的防治,对控制柑橘黄龙病的蔓延具有重要意义。目前防治柑橘木虱多采用化学防治,杀虫剂的频繁使用造成了农药残留、环境污染、生物多样性被破坏和害虫产生抗药性等诸多问题,生物防治以其高效、低毒、低残留、不易产生抗药性等优点逐渐受到重视。昆虫病原真菌能侵入昆虫寄主体内,导致昆虫发病死亡,具有良好的病害流行潜力及生产应用便利性,利用昆虫病原真菌防治柑橘木虱具有广阔的发展空间。本文总结了用于柑橘木虱生物防治的虫生真菌种类,重点介绍了国内外利用球孢白僵菌、玫烟色棒束孢、淡紫紫孢菌、宛氏拟青霉、蜡蚧菌等虫生真菌在防治柑橘木虱中的应用,并对虫生真菌防治柑橘木虱的发展前景进行了展望,以期为柑橘黄龙病的防控提供借鉴。  相似文献   

5.
亚洲柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是柑橘黄龙病的传播媒介。本文利用Ste REO Discovery V20体视显微镜对亚洲柑橘木虱成虫内生殖系统进行解剖观察,并探索了亚洲柑橘木虱雌雄成虫内生殖系统的形态变化规律。结果表明:雄虫内生殖系统由1对精巢、1对输精管、1个精泵、1个射精管、1对附腺和1个贮精囊组成。雌虫内生殖系统由1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、1个中输卵管、2个附腺、1个黏腺和1个受精囊组成。交配前期和交配期的雄虫精巢饱满,精巢在交配后期明显萎缩。交配期和交配后期的雄虫贮精囊都明显大于交配前期的贮精囊。雌虫受精囊在交配前期、交配期和交配后期依次增大,交配前期的受精囊呈不饱满状态,交配期和交配后期受精囊呈饱满状态,内有白色精包。交配后期的雌虫卵巢内有大量成熟的橙黄色卵。  相似文献   

6.
7.
【目的】探究不同地理分布的柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri黄龙病菌Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas)及其主要共生细菌沃尔巴克氏Wolbachia,Carsonella和Profftella的发生及相互作用。【方法】2022年8月-2023年8月从中国柑橘木虱分布的主要气候区采集20个柑橘木虱种群样本,利用巢式PCR技术检测各种群雌成虫黄龙病感染率;通过qPCR技术对5个黄龙病感染率较高种群测定CLas和3种共生细菌(Wolbachia,Carsonella和Profftella)的相对丰度;筛选感染与未感染黄龙病的柑橘木虱成虫转录组差异表达基因,并进行KEGG通路富集分析。【结果】柑橘木虱灵山和榕江种群雌成虫黄龙病感染率最高,感染率均达到66.67%, 7个种群(琼中、澄迈、华宁、永春、衡山、麻阳、丰城)雌成虫不感染黄龙病。海拔显著影响柑橘木虱黄龙病感染率;降水量对CLas相对丰度有显著影响;纬度、海拔和温度则对特定共生细菌相对丰度有显著影响;感染黄龙病影响共生细菌对这些环境因素的响应。相关性分析表明,黄龙病的感染会影响柑橘木虱共生细菌之间相对丰度的相关性。转录组分析发现感染黄龙病的柑橘木虱差异表达基因主要富集在过氧化物酶、碳代谢等通路,可能是造成共生细菌互作关系改变的原因。【结论】本研究表明了环境因素对柑橘木虱黄龙病菌及其主要共生细菌的影响;感染黄龙病会改变柑橘木虱共生细菌对环境因素的响应以及互作,这可能与感染黄龙病的柑橘木虱基因表达调控密切相关。这些结果对于制定地理信息驱动的黄龙病综合防控策略具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

8.
目的】亚洲柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri是传播柑橘最重要病害黄龙病(huanglongbing, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus)的媒介昆虫,树冠喷施园艺矿物油(horticultural mineral oil, HMO)可以减少其在柑橘上的取食和产卵。本研究旨在探索植物组织内残留的园艺矿物油如何影响亚洲柑橘木虱成虫的取食行为。【方法】采用直流型刺吸电位仪(DC-EPG Giga-8)记录亚洲柑橘木虱成虫12 h内在喷施不同浓度(0.25%, 0.5%, 1%和2%, v/v)HMO(nC24)乳剂和清水(对照)时柑橘嫩叶上的刺探和取食行为并转换为波形信号,分析比较各处理的波形参数。【结果】不同浓度HMO乳剂处理显著提高了亚洲柑橘木虱成虫在柑橘叶片上的C波(路径波)持续时间百分比,显著减少了E2波(韧皮部吸食汁液)持续时间百分比,而对D(口针第一次接触韧皮部组织), E1(韧皮部出现唾液分泌) 和G(木质部吸食汁液) 波持续时间百分比没有显著影响。HMO处理组C波的每成虫波形累积时间(WDI)显著长于对照组,而各浓度处理之间没有显著差异,但D波WDI明显短于对照组。随着HMO浓度的增加, E1, E2和G波WDI显著下降,2% HMO处理组E1, E2和G波WDI明显低于其他浓度处理组。HMO乳剂处理明显减少了刺探次数;在HMO处理中,每成虫刺探次数和每成虫各波形次数均显著少于对照组,其中以1%和2% HMO乳剂处理最少。HMO乳剂处理组np波 (非刺探波)、D波、E2波的每成虫单次波形持续时间(WDE)均短于对照组,其中2% HMO乳剂处理后,D, E1和E2波WDE显著短于其他浓度处理和对照。同时,2% HMO乳剂处理推迟了从口器接触叶片到第1次开始刺探的时间和从口器接触叶片到第1次刺探到韧皮部的时间。【结论】结果表明,2% HMO乳剂显著减少亚洲柑橘木虱成虫在柑橘叶片上的取食次数和有效取食时间,同时还缩短了其在韧皮部分泌唾液和吸食汁液时间,因此可推荐矿物油用于柑橘黄龙病和亚洲柑橘木虱的综合防治体系。同时初步推断矿物油的作用机制可能是其进入植物气孔阻止植物挥发性物质的释放,抑制或掩盖柑橘叶片表面的挥发性物质从而减少了亚洲柑橘木虱在寄主上取食。  相似文献   

9.
柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama主要危害柑橘等芸香科植物,传播柑橘黄龙病病菌。柑橘树感染黄龙病后,叶片黄化,果实早熟脱落,畸形,最终死亡,给柑橘产业带来了极大的损失。柑橘木虱对各种常见的杀虫剂已产生了不同程度的抗药性。本文从柑橘木虱的抗性测定方法、抗药性现状、交互抗性、抗药性机理和抗性治理等方面进行了综述,为今后柑橘木虱的防治提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是传播黄龙病的重要虫媒,给柑橘生产带来极大危害。本文通过已知柑橘木虱发生地信息和40年气象数据求取准确的生物气候模型参数,在此基础上分析我国柑橘木虱潜在适生区分布变化和未来发展趋势。【方法】本文从1970年以来公开发表的文献中整理提取了柑橘木虱在我国1990年前后的发生地信息,分别基于CLIMEX的标准气象数据和国家气象局发布的1991—2010年的气象数据,得到能够准确预测柑橘木虱潜在适生区分布的CLIMEX参数。然后使用Cli Mond发布的2030和2050年的全球气象数据,预测了未来柑橘木虱在我国的潜在适生区。【结果】2010年后柑橘木虱适生区分布北移明显,与实际发生地信息相吻合;全球气候变暖趋势影响下,2030年柑橘木虱适生区继续向北方扩展,但到2050年的适生区北界基本稳定,相比较而言临界区北移更加突出。【结论】柑橘木虱适生区北移明显,在未来气候条件下,干胁迫将阻止其进一步北移;但在临界气候条件下有建立种群的可能,对于目前未见该虫发生报道的潜在适生区,应加强早期预警和检疫防控措施。  相似文献   

11.
    
Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri is the vector of the citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) associated bacterial agent ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas). The molecular interactions between CLas and D. citri remain unclear. In the present study, protein profiles of mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosolic fractions from uninfected and CLas‐infected adult D. citri are investigated using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. The comparative analysis reveals a total of 18, 24 and 20 protein spots that are unique or differentially expressed in mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosolic proteins fractions respectively. These proteins are successfully identified by mass spectrometry. Among the 62 identified proteins, 30 are up‐regulated, whereas 32 are down‐regulated. These proteins include important components in energy metabolism such as ATP synthase, ATPase, ATP/ADP carrier protein, etc.; host stress responses such as heat shock proteins; host detoxification processes (i.e., cytochrome P450 and glutathione S‐transferase); and the cytoskeleton (such as actin, tubulin, myosin and tropomyosin). These data suggest that, after CLas infection, several proteins of D. citri, especially energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis, are altered, and extensive host defence responses are induced. In conclusion, the present study reports proteomic information that is helpful in understanding the vector–pathogen relationship between CLas and D. citri, and could be used to identify potential targets for limiting the spread of CLas, as well as to provide new insights into HLB management.  相似文献   

12.
    
Citrus huanglongbing(HLB) has become a major disease and limiting factor of production in citrus areas that have become infected. The destruction to the affected citrus industries has resulted in a tremendous increase to support research that in return has resulted in significant information on both applied and basic knowledge concerning this important disease to the global citrus industry. Recent research indicates the relationship between citrus and the causal agent of HLB is shaped by multiple elements, in which host defense responses may also play an important role. This review is intended to provide an overview of the importance of HLB to a wider audience of plant biologists. Recent advances on host-pathogen interactions, population genetics and vectoring of the causal agent are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
    
Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease around the world. We have modelled HLB spread in scenarios with different populational levels of the main alternative host (Murraya paniculata) and Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Asian citrus psyllid—ACP) vector of HLB-associated bacteria and the removal of HLB-symptomatic plants. A compartmental deterministic mathematical model was built for representing the HLB dynamics in the Recôncavo Baiano, Bahia State, Brazil. The model encompasses delays on latency and incubation disease periods and on the ACP nymphal stages. The simulations indicated that presence of alternative hosts at a low proportion would not play a crucial role in HLB dynamics in situations of poor ACP management, regardless of HLB-symptomatic plant eradication. Symptomatic citrus plants contribute more to increase the HLB incidence than the alternative host in scenarios without a suitable ACP management.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract  A series of specimens of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri , collected from the Northern Territory (NT) in 1915 was recently rediscovered in the Natural History Museum, London. Surveys were conducted in 2002 on suitable hosts in the locality of the 1915 collections to see if the infestation had persisted. These failed to detect either D. citri or the bacterium that it transmits and that causes huanglongbing disease in citrus. It is presumed that D. citri was eradicated fortuitously by the removal of all citrus plants above latitude 19°S during an eradication program for citrus canker in the NT from 1916 until 1922.  相似文献   

15.
《环境昆虫学报》2013,35(5):578-584
黄龙病是世界柑桔产业的一种毁灭性病害,亚洲柑桔木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama为黄龙病亚洲种和美洲种的媒介昆虫,其成虫和高龄若虫都能传病。本文研究亚洲柑桔木虱若虫在感染黄龙病及健康寄主上的转移和扩散规律,发现3龄及3龄以上若虫在柑桔植株垂直和水平位置的嫩梢之间转移现象十分明显,但在黄龙病植株上转移速度较健康植株慢,且嫩梢间的转移速度受虫密度的影响,密度越高转移速度越快。在有选择的条件下,水平位置转移过程中若虫更趋向黄龙病植株。此外,在健康寄主上的木虱若虫有明显向植株下部转移的现象,向下部转移的若虫个体数显著高于黄龙病寄主。本文明确了木虱若虫的扩散规律和寄主感染黄龙病对其转移和扩散产生的影响,为柑桔木虱和黄龙病防治提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
17.
    
Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is the principal vector of citrus greening (huanglongbing) disease. Invasion of new areas by the vector increases the risk of further spread of the disease and has economic impacts on the global citrus industry. Effective implementation of vector surveys is essential to contain disease outbreaks. This is especially true in countries such as Japan, where most of the major citrus‐producing areas are free from citrus greening. Recently, vector surveys have been routinely conducted to maintain ‘disease‐free’ and ‘disease‐ and vector‐free’ areas in Japan, and improvement of methods that can detect D. citri in native insect populations is imperative. Here, we developed a method of using conventional and real‐time PCR to detect D. citri among bulk insects captured in sticky traps without the need for preliminary differentiation steps based on morphology. DNA fragments of D. citri were specifically detected by both conventional and real‐time PCR in a mixture of a 10?3 dilution (ca. 0.008–0.009 ng/μl) of D. citriDNA and 100 ng/μl of bulk insect DNA, indicating that small body parts such as pieces of leg or parts of wings of D. citri were detectable in the bulk insect samples. No misleading amplification of fragments from the other psyllid species and citrus pests we used occurred under our PCR conditions. Our results suggest that the technique is applicable to extensive surveys of D. citri in early warning programmes.  相似文献   

18.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is an important invasive citrus pest in the USA because it vectors a bacterium responsible for huanglongbing, a devastating disease of citrus. Information was lacking on seasonal aspects of flight activity by D. citri, which could have ramifications on psyllid management as well as our understanding of epidemiology of the disease. Of interest from a pest management standpoint would be whether D. citri regularly disperses to or away from citrus on a predictable schedule. In research presented here, seasonal flight activity by D. citri was investigated using yellow sticky traps deployed in citrus trees and in fallow areas adjacent to citrus. Results indicated that flight activity by both male and female D. citri away from citrus can occur at any time of the year with consistent dispersal activity during the spring. The research further indicated citrus is continually subject to infestation by immigrating adults and that there is no time during the year that a citrus grower could be assured immigration would not occur. Growers should be aware that adult dispersal occurs regularly during spring and they should time management tactics accordingly. Adult flight activity 2 m from a citrus tree was more pronounced at 1 m above ground than at 2 or 3 m high. At distances of 8–60 m from trees, numbers of adults on traps were similar among the three heights. Males and females were similar with respect to seasonal flight activity. Numbers of adults captured on traps distant from citrus were not correlated with wind speed, sunlight, or air temperature, but there was some evidence that relative humidity influenced flight activity. Although the D. citri life cycle is dependent on flush, data from these studies did not confirm that psyllid dispersal from citrus consistently increases as citrus flush abundance decreases.  相似文献   

19.
Twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from microsatellite‐enriched DNA libraries and mined from an expressed sequence tags library of Diaphorina citri, the vector of the citrus greening disease (huanglongbing). Analysis of 288 individuals from Florida, Texas, and Brazil showed that allelic diversity ranged from three to eight alleles per locus and observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.014 to 0.569 and from 0.052 to 0.653, respectively. These variable microsatellite loci can provide means for assessing overall genetic variation and migration patterns for this agriculturally important pest species. This information can be used to aid in developing successful management strategies.  相似文献   

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