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1.
P. Giridhar Vinod Kumar G. A. Ravishankar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2004,40(6):567-571
Summary A novel protocol has been developed for inducing somatic embryogenesis from leaf cultures of Decalepis hamiltonii. Callus was obtained from leaf sections in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)+N6-benzyladenine (BA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)+BA. Nodular embryogenic callus developed from the cut end of
explants on media containing 2,4-D and BA, whereas compact callus developed on media containing NAA and BA. Upon subsequent
transfer of explants with primary callus onto MS media containing zeatin and/or gibberellic acid (GA3) and BA, treatment with zeatin (13.68μM) and BA (10.65 μM) resulted in the induction of the highest number of somatic embryos directly from nodular tissue. The maturation of embryos
took place along with the induction on the same medium. Embryogenic calluses with somatic embryos were subcultured onto MS
basal medium supplemented with 4.56μM zeatin+10.65 μM BA. After 4wk, more extensive differentiation of somatic embryos was observed. The mature embryos developed into complete
plantlets on growth regulator-free MS medium. A distinct feature of this study is the induction of somatic embryogenesis from
leaf explants of Decalepis hamiltonii, which has not been reported previously. By using this protocol, complete plantlets could be regenerated through indirect
somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis from leaf explants in 12–16 wk. 相似文献
2.
Summary A procedure for regenerating Zizyphus jujuba Mill. (Chinese date) plants through repetitive somatic embryogenesis (RSE) was developed. Primary somatic embryos were produced
from cotyledon-derived cultures of germinated plants in vitro. The highest induction frequency of primary somatic embryogenesis (PSE) was obtained with a combination of 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.49 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 0.44 μM benzyladenine (BA) (17.4%). These primary somatic embryos were multiplied by RSE on media with different plant growth regulator
(PGR) combinations. The highest RSE frequency (51.3%), was obtained with 0.58 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). However, the highest number (4.4 per primary somatic embryo) of repetitive somatic embryos was obtained with 0.98 μM 6-r-r-dimethylallylaminopurine (2-iP). For germination of somatic embryos, different PGRs, cold and desiccation treatment were
tested. Desiccation of somatic embryos at 25±1°C for 2 wk was the best treatment for germination with epicotyl elongation
and root development. Of over 256 plants regenerated, 237 (92.6%) survived. 相似文献
3.
Summary This is the first report of simultaneous organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in Arnebia euchroma, a highly valued, critically endangered medicinal plant of the Himalaya. Root-derived callus showed only rhizogenesis, whereas
leaf-derived callus showed simutaneous organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Organogenesis was optimal (12.2 shoots per
culture) in 1 μM indole-3-butyric acid combined with 2.5 μM 6-benzyladenine and induction of somatic embryogenesis (16.3 embryos per culture) occurred in 2.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid combined with 2.5 μM 6-benzyladenine. Shoots rooted (100%) best in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Early cotyledonary-stage embryos encapsulated with 3% sodium alginate and calcium nitrate (100 mM for 25 min) showed 60.6% germination in MS medium. Rooted shoots transferred to a mixture of sterile soil, sand, and peat
(1∶1∶1 by volume) showed 72% survival ex vitro. Application of these protocols would be helpful in reducing pressure in natural populations, in genetic transformation studies,
and in long-term storage of elite genotypes through synthetic seed production. 相似文献
4.
Cao Dinh Hung Krystyna Johnson Fraser Torpy 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(6):548-552
Summary An efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of the valuable medicinal plant, Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsumura is described through shoot tip proliferation and direct regeneration. Multiple shoots were induced from
shoort tips cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) semi-solid medium containing various concentrations (0.5–50 μM) of N6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron, kinetin, and zeatin. A comparison was made on shoot multiplication between semi-solid and
liquid culture media. Well-developed shoots were obtained using full-strength MS semi-solid medium containing 5.0 μM BA. However, the greatest shoot proliferation was achieved on either full- or half-strength MS liquid media supplemented
with 5.0 μM BA for 4 wk (15.3±0.9 and 15.0±0.7 shoots per explant, respectively), and on half-strength MS liquid medium for 6 wk (25.8±1.3
shoots per explant) in culture. In contrast, the maximum number of shoots per explant on full-strength MS semi-solid medium
was achieved with either 5.0 μM BA (10.4±0.6 shoots per explant) or 10.0 μM kinetin (10.9±0.8 shoots per explant). Fresh weight of explants and length of shoots derived from full-strength MS liquid
medium (1055±77 mg and 34.2±1.0 mm, respectively) were significantly higher than those derived from full-strength MS semisolid
medium (437.6±17.3 mg and 15.4±0.7 mm, respectively). Quarter-strength MS liquid medium had no significant difference in shoot
proliferation when compared to quarter-strength MS semi-solid medium. Elongated shoots were separated and rooted on half-strength
MS semi-solid media fortified with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)
ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μM. Root formation was greatest with IBA when compared with IAA and NAA. One hundred percent of shoots were rooted on half-strength
MS medium with 5.0 μM IBA, while vigorous roots were obtained with 10.0 μM IBA. Micropropagated plantlets were successfully established in soil with 95% survival rate after heardening. 相似文献
5.
Summary The types of auxin in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing N
6-benzyladenine (BA) determined indirect morphogenesis, i.e. development to bipolar somatic embryos or monopolar shoots in
Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. Indirect in vitro morphogenesis depended on growth regulators, explant excision period, and light. Calli induced from explants collected in
March–April were superior in the induction of indirect morphogenesis to those collected in July–August. Light enforced in vitro morphogenesis, while darkness was inhibitory. The presence of kinetin in the medium also inhibited morphogenesis. Calli developed
on explants collected in March–April grown on MS medium fortified with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and BA facilitated indirect
organogenesis, while those developed on medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and BA underwent somatic
embryogenesis. MS medium with 13.3 μM BA and 2.69 μM NAA was the best for induction of shoots from callus, which developed a mean of 15.7 shoots. Shoots were best rooted on half-strength
MS medium enriched with 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid with a mean of 5.1 roots per shoot. MS medium supplemented with 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 4.44 μM BA induced the highest number (mean of 13.4) of somatic embryos. Of the embryos transferred on half-strength MS medium containing
2.89 μM gibberellic acid, 78% of embryos developed to the cotyledonary stage. Most cotyledonary embryos (80%) underwent conversion
to plantlets upon being transferred to half-strength MS basal medium in light. The survival rate of organogenesis and embryo-derived
plants was 80 and 90%, respectively. Calli transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens showed expression of the gusA transgene and resistance to kanamycin, but did not undergo morphogenesis. 相似文献
6.
Summary Micropropagation of the anti-cancer plant Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne from axillary buds and seed embryos was investigated. Axillary buds from greenhouse seedlings required a period
of culture in media free of N6-benzyladenine (BA) before multiple shoot induction began. Direct induction of multiple shoots on BA-containing medium resulted
in high mortality of the axillary buds. Multiple shoot induction from the greenhouse axillary buds was best achieved on B5
with 4.4 μM BA+0.5μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, forming an average of three 2-mm tall shoots per bud in 8 wk. Elongation of these multiple shoots
was successful at a lower BA level (0.22 μM) on B5 medium. Both in vitro and ex vitro rooting of the microcuttings was feasible with indole-3-butyric acid in the culture media, but ex vitro rooting led to high plantlet survival. Seed embryos were not ideal explants for multiple shoot induction. Shoot tips and
axillary buds of in vitro-germinated seedlings showed an optimal multiple shoot formation on B5 with 8.9 μM BA, double the optimal BA level for greenhouse axillary buds. Using axillary buds to propagate C. acuminata plants in vitro is feasible for mass propagation of desired clonal lines high in camptothecin concentrations. 相似文献
7.
Summary Somatic embryo (bipolar) or shoot (monopolar) morphogenesis in mesophyll cells of Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham in vitro was dependent on the type of auxin supplementing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing benzyladenine. Direct in vitro morphogenesis, i.e., organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis were significantly influenced by seasonal growth of the donor
plant, explant position (proximal, mid, and distal), and light. Explants collected in march/April were superior to July/August
material. Proximal explants underwent morphogenesis more readily than mid- and tip-derived explants. Incubation in the light
favored morphogenesis while darkness was inhibitory. Kinetin (Kn) was also inhibitory to morphogenesis. MS medium enriched
with different levels of N6-benzyladenine (BA) alone, or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), induced adventitious
shoots directly. Explants collected in March/April cultured on medium with 13.3 μM BA and 2.69 μM NAA developed the highest number of shoots, a mean of 15.2 shoots per proximal explant. Developed shoots rooted the best
on half-strength MS medium with 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid, which developed a mean of 5.2 roots per shoot. Rooted healthy shoots could be transplanted to small
pots, with an 80% survival rate. Addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) to BA-supplemented medium was obligatory
to develop somatic embryos. MS medium containing 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 4.44 μM BA induced a mean of 44.8 somatic embryos per proximal explant. The embryos passed through distinct stages of embryogenesis,
namely globular, heart, torpedo, and early cotyledonary. The embryos (88%) underwent maturation on half-strength MS medium
with 2.89 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and its subsequent transfer on half-strength MS basal medium in light conditions facilitated 80% conversion of embryos
to plantlets. Direct shoots or embryos were originated from the mesophyll cells. Somatic embryo development was concurrent
with the independent origin of vasculature in the bulbous basal portion. The survival rate of embryo-derived plants was 90%. 相似文献
8.
Summary A method for adventitious shoot induction from petiole explants of Heracleum candicans is reported. Shoot buds were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 4.4μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1.1 μM 2,4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A wound response in the presence of BA and 2,4-D at the time of culture was necessary
for inducing shoot buds. The shoot bud regeneration was significantly influenced by size, type and orientation of explants
on the culture medium. These shoot buds developed into 4–5 cm shoots upon transfer to a medium containing 1.1μM BA and 0.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The regenerated shoots formed rooted plantlets on MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 15 plants were established in the field for further evaluation. 相似文献
9.
Yongxue Yang Guofeng Liu Manzhu Bao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(6):520-524
Summary A protocol of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from petiole segments of Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch. has been developed. Embryogenic tissue was induced on B5 (Gamborg) basal medium supplemented with 2.25–9.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 500 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate (CH), and 0.1 gl−1 activated charcoal. Somatic embryos were induced on B5 medium containing various concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) (4.44,
6.66, and 8.88 μM) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0, 0.54, and 1.61 μM) plus 500 mg l−1 CH. Ninety percent of normal somatic embryos were converted into plantlets directly on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium free
of plant growth regulators. Shoots could be induced from abnormal somatic embryos on MS medium containing 4.44 μM BA, 0.05 μM NAA, and 500 mg l−1 CH. Genotypic differences were found in the process of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. Histological analysis
confirmed the process of somatic embryogenesis. Regenerated plantlets with well-developed roots were successfully acclimatized
in greenhouse and all plants showed normal morphological characteristics. 相似文献
10.
María Laura Vidoz Pablo Klusacek Hebe Yolanda Rey Luis Amado Mroginski 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,86(1):111-115
In vitro protocols for plant regeneration of Arachis correntina through both somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis were developed using immature leaves as explants. Morphologically normal somatic embryos were obtained on culture media composed of 20.70 or 41.41 μM picloram (PIC) with the addition of 0.044 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), resulting in a 33 and 24% of conversion into plants, respectively. The source of explants and the developmental stage of the leaves had a marked effect on somatic embryogenesis. The second folded immature leaves from in vitro growing plants were the most responsive producing up to 30% embryogenesis in MS+41.41 μM PIC. Embryos converted into plants after transfer to MS medium devoid of growth regulators and these plants were successfully acclimatised. Adventitious shoots were obtained on culture media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with or without 0.044 μM BA, achieving plant regeneration in the induction media. The highest percentage of bud formation was obtained on culture medium composed of␣MS+10.74 μM NAA+0.044 μM BA (12.5%). Roots were formed on all culture media tested. Regenerated plants were transferred to pots and grew well under greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
11.
S. B. Thencane S. R. Deodhar S. V. Bhosle S. K. Rawal 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(3):256-261
Summary Immature seeds of Garcinia indica Choiss, were exeised from immature fruits and cultured on Lloyd and McCown (1980), woody plant medium (WPM) with different
combinations of auxins and cytokinins. Somatic embryos were obtained on the media supplemented with 6-benzy laminopurine (BA;
2.2–22.1 μM) alone or in combination with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 2.6 μM) with 80% frequency within a period of 2–3 wk. Subculture of embryos on medium containing BA (16.0 μM) supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA: 2.8–5.7 μM) and/or kinetin (4.6 μM) gave rise to clusters of secondary somatic embryos along with maturation of primary embryos. In subsequent subculture on
hormone-free half-strength WPM, the embryo clusters germinated with an increase in the number of secondary somatic embryos.
About 70% of somatic embryos germinated into complete plantlets, which were successfully established under greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
12.
Summary We have developed efficient methods for plant regeneration, via both embryogenesis and organogenesis, of Smooth Cayenne pineapple,
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Leaf bases and core (stem) sections of in vitro shoots, produced from culture of crown tip meristem, were used as explants for plant regeneration as follows: (1) Leaf base
and core section explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 41 μM 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram, P) or thidiazuron (T)/P combinations produced embryogenic tissues. Different
types of embryogenic tissues (friable emryogenic tissue, embryogenic cell cluster, and chunky embryogenic tissue) have been
developed with varying properties in terms of growth rate and state of development. The embryogenic tissues regenerated shoots
upon culture on MS medium containing 13 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) followed by culture on MS medium containing 4 μM BA. (2) Crown tip meristems cultured on MS medium containing 13 μM BA followed by leaf explants cultured on MS medium with 27 μM NAA and 1 μM BA produced shoots via direct organogenesis. (3) Explants cultured on MS medium containing 5 μM T and 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced nodular globular structures, which produced shoots upon culture on MS medium containing
1 μM BA and 1 μM gibberellic acid. Shoots obtained from all of the above methods were rooted in half-strength MS medium containing 3 μM NAA and 2.5 μM IBA. Plants were transferred to the greenhouse or shipped to Costa Rica for field trials. Somatic embryo-derived plants exhibited
21 % spininess, and organogenic-derived plants exhibited 5% spininess in the field trials. 相似文献
13.
Summary
In vitro propagation of Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) was attempted using mature and juvenile explants. Attempts to establish in vitro culture using leaf and internode explants from a plant more than 15yr old were unsuccessful due to severe phenolic exudation.
Plant regeneration through direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis was established from cotyledon explants. Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium with 8.9 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 11.7 μM silver nitrate induced the highest number (mean of 32.4 embryos per cotyledon) of somatic embryos. Direct somatic embryogenesis
as well as callus formation was observed on medium with BA (8.9–13.3 μM). Semi-mature pale green cotyledons were superior for the induction of somatic embryos. Embryos developed from the adaxial
side as well as from the point of excision of the embryonic axis. More embryos were developed on the proximal end compared
to mid and distal regions of the cotyledons. Subculture of callus (developed along with the somatic embryos on medium with
BA alone) onto medium containing 8.9 μM BA and 11.7 μM silver nitrate produced a mean of 17.1 somatic embryos. Primary somatic embryos cultured on MS medium with 8.9 μM BA and 11.7μM silver nitrate produced a mean of 9.4 secondary somatic embryos. Most of the embryos developed up to early cotyledonary stage.
Reduced concentration of BA (2.2 or 4.4 μM) improved maturation and conversion of embryos to plantlets. Ninety percent of the embryos converted to plantlets. The optimized
protocol facilitated recovery of 30 plantlets per cotyledon explant within 80d. Plantlets transferred to small cups were subsequently
transferred to field conditions with a survival rate of 90%. 相似文献
14.
Summary An in vitro protocol has been developed for callus indiction, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration from stigma-style culture
of grapevine. Four different grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.: cvs. ‘Bombino Nero’, ‘Greco di Tufo’, ‘Merlot’, and ‘Sangiovese’) were tested. Exlants were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch
medium (NN) supplemented with various combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA: 4.5 and 9.0 μM) and β-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA; 5.0 and 9.9 μM). Sucrose (88 mM) was used as the carbon source. Somatic embryogenesis was induced within 3–7 mo. after culture initiation. Even though explants
of different origin (unfertilized ovules and anthers) regenerated somatic embryos, the higher embryogenic potential was observed
in stigma and style explants, with the exception of ‘Merlot’, which regenerated somatic embryos only from unfertilized ovules.
The percentages of stigma-style explants producing somatic embryos was 7% in ‘Bombino Nero’ (cultured on NN medium supplemented
9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). 14% in ‘Greco di Tufo’ (4.5 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA), and 8% in ‘Sangiovese’ (9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). The presence of growth regulators (BA and NOA) in the medium was essential for induction of somatic embryogenesis.
Plants were regenerated on hormone-free NN medium containing 88 mM sucrose. 相似文献
15.
Direct somatic embryogenesis induced from cotyledons of mango immature zygotic embryos 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary For the first time, regenerated plantlets were obtained from immature zygotic embryos of mango (Mangifera indica L.) through direct somatic embryogenesis. Pro-embryogenic mass (PEM)-like structures, which are differentiated as clusters
of globular structures, were easily induced directly from the abaxial side of cotyledons from immature fruits, 2.0–3.5 cm
diameter by a 2-wk culture period on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 5 mgl−1 (25μM) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets was achieved after 4 wk of culture on the conversion
medium containing 5mgl−1 (23 μM) kinetin. Secondary somatic embryogenesis could also be obtained directly from the hypocotyls of mature primary somatic embryos
cultured on the conversion medium. In our experimental system, only minor problems were noted with browning of cultures. 相似文献
16.
Ashok Kumar Sahrawat Suresh Chand 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(1):55-61
Summary An efficient method was established for high-frequency embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from 3-,4-, 5-
and 7-d-old coleoptile segments of Indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kasturi), Compact and friable callus developed from the cut ends and also on the entire length of the coleoptile segments
cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (1962) supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 4.50–18.0
μM), kinetin (2.32 μM) and sucrose (3%, w/v). High frequency embryogenic callus induction and somatic embryo development was achieved when embryogenic
calluses were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.25 μM 2,4-D, 2.32 μM kinetin, 490 μM
L-tryptophan and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Plant regeneration was achieved by transferring clumps of embryogenic callus onto MS medium
containing 2.85 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 17.77 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Histological observations of embryogenic calluses revealed the presence of
somatic embryos and also plant regeneration via multiple shoot bud formation. Three, 4- and 5-d-old coleoptile segments showed
a significantly (P<0.05) higher frequency of plant regeneration and mean number of plantlets per explant in comparison to 7-d-old coleoptile
segments. The highest frequency (73.5%) of plant regeneration and mean number of plantlets (11.9±1.0) was obtained from 4-d-old
coleoptile segments. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS basal medium containing 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and plants were successfully transferred to soil and grown to maturity. 相似文献
17.
Summary Leaf segments of the orchid sp. Phalaenopsis ‘Little Steve’ were used as explants testing the effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 0.45, 2.26, 4.52 μM), 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin; 2.32, 4.65, 13.95 μM), N6-benzyladenine (BA; 2.22, 4.44, 13.32 μM), and 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea (TDZ; 2.27, 4.54, 13.62μM) on the induction of direct somatic embryogenesis. After 20–30 d of culture in darkness, clusters of somatic embryos formed
from leaf surfaces and wounded regions of explants on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with BA and TDZ.
However, kinetin had no response on direct embryo induction. In addition, 2,4-D highly retarded the frequency of embryogenesis
that was induced by TDZ. Generally, adaxial surfaces near wounded regions had the highest embryogenic competency compared
to other regions of explants. Histological sections revealed that somatic embryos mostly arose from epidermal cell layers
of the explants. Secondary embryogenesis occurred at basal parts of embryos, and originated from outer cell layers. Following
transfer of regenerated embryos onto growth regulator-free medium for 3.5–4 mo., plantlets with three to four leaves and several
roots were obtained. This protocol provides a simple way to regenerate plants through direct somatic embryogenesis, and is
suitable for further studies on embryo development and genetic transformation of Phalaenopsis. 相似文献
18.
Célia M. Miguel Philippe Druart M. Margarida Oliveira 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1996,32(3):148-153
Summary Adventitious shoot regeneration was achieved from almond leaves, cv. Boa Casta, excised fromin vitro cultures of juvenile and adult material. Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) was found to be more efficient for adventitious
shoot induction than a modified medium of Quoirin et al. (1977) when using identical growth regulator supplements. Thidiazuron
(TDZ) at 4.54, 5.90, 6.81, and 9.08 μM was used in all induction media, together with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or a combination
of IAA and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). When N6-benzyladenine (BA) was used instead of TDZ, no adventitious shoots were induced. Leaf explants of juvenile origin yielded
the highest regeneration rates (40.0 and 38.2%) and required higher concentrations of TDZ for shoot induction than leaves
of adult origin. An increase from 15.0 to 35.3% in the regeneration ability of adult leaf explants, tested on one of the induction
media, modified medium of Quoirin et al. (1977) supplemented with 5.90 μM TDZ and 2.85 μM IAA], was achieved when donor shoots were subcultured twice on a medium with a low BA concentration of 1.33 μM. 相似文献
19.
María del Socorro Santos Díaz Candy Carranza Álvarez 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(2):162-170
Two procedures for the in vitro propagation of Encyclia mariae, a threatened Mexican orchid, were developed. In the first procedure, leaves from in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with the range of 2.21–4.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine
(BA) in combination with 2.69–10.74 μM naphthalene acetic (NAA), 2.07–8.29 μM indole-3-butyric (IBA), or 2.85–11.42 μM indole-3-acetic
acid (IAA) to determine the best medium for the induction of shooting. Maximum direct shoot formation from leaves was observed
on MS containing 22.21 μM BA and 10.74 μM NAA (25 shoots/explant). The second procedure began with the culture of protocorms
on media containing NAA, IBA, or IAA, which induced callus formation with high regenerative potential in the form of protocorm-like-bodies
(PLBs) that eventually differentiated into shoots. The optimal response was attained when these structures were cultured on
medium with 4.14 μM IBA (30 shoots/PLB). To promote the elongation of shoots derived from PLBs, the material was subcultured
onto MS medium containing 22.21 μM BA and 5.37 μM NAA. Through the exploration of the effects of auxins and matrix on the
rooting of shoots, it was determined that the optimal rooting occurred on media supplemented either with 5.71 μM IAA or 4.14 μM
IBA either on agar-gelled medium or in liquid media with coir as the matrix. Rooting was found to be 20% higher in liquid
media than in agar-gelled medium. 相似文献
20.
Summary A highly reproducible method for regeneration of Coffea arabica and C. canephora plants via direct somatic embryogenesis from cultured leaf and stem segments of regenerated plants was developed. Embryogenesis
was influenced by the presence of triacontanol (TRIA) in the medium. TRIA incorporated at 4.55 and 11.38 μM in half-strength MS basal medium containing 1.1 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.28 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced direct somatic embryogenesis in both species. A maximum of 260±31.8 and 59.2±12.8 somatic
embryos per culture were induced from in vitro leaf explants of C. arabica and C. canephora, respectively. TRIA also induced embryo formation from in vitro stem segment callus tissues along with multiplication of primary embryos into secondary embryos. By using TRIA, it was possible
to obtain somatic embryogenesis in C. arabica and C. canephora. 相似文献