丛枝菌根真菌对不同番茄品种抗根结线虫病的影响

【背景】根结线虫病害严重制约我国设施蔬菜的生产。丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)作为土壤中最重要的有益真菌之一,可以促进植物生长,提高植物抗病性,减轻土传真菌和线虫病害的发生。在蔬菜保护地栽培中,AMF对于植物线虫病防治作用的研究受到了广泛关注。【目的】针对番茄生产中危害最严重的南方根结线虫(Meliodogyne incognita)病害问题,研究AMF和番茄品种不同组合的抗线虫效应,以期为菌根真菌作为生物防治剂和生物菌肥应用于实际生产提供技术基础。【方法】在灭菌土壤中,人工接种根结线虫,比较不同菌种Rhizophagus intraradices(Ri)、Acaulosporamellea(Am)及菌种组合Rhizophagusintraradices+Acaulosporamellea(Ri+Am)在不同番茄品种(感病品种蒙特卡罗和抗线虫品种仙客1号)上对南方根结线虫侵染和繁殖的影响,研究AMF对根结线虫的拮抗效应。另外,采用南方根结线虫连作发病的土壤,在感病品种蒙特卡洛上接种AMF混合菌种Ri+Am,番茄苗移栽入连作土壤中,测定各生长指标和调查根结和卵块数量,评价接种AMF处理对根结线虫病的防治效果。【结果】在灭菌土壤中,普通番茄品种蒙特卡罗的菌根效应显著优于抗线虫番茄品种仙客1号,表现为前者单位根重的根结和卵块的数量均比对照显著降低,而后者仅降低了卵块数量;蒙特卡罗上接种Ri+Am混合菌种的效果优于接种单一菌种Am和Ri;而仙客1号上接种Ri的效果更好。接种线虫也显著影响了AMF的侵染,而且对抗性品种仙客1号的影响更为明显。但除了接种Am的处理,大多数处理收获时菌根侵染率仍维持较高的水平(70%以上)。在连作土壤中,感病品种蒙特卡罗接种混合菌种Ri+Am具有较好的抗/耐线虫效应,主要表现为促进植株生长,显著降低根结和卵块数量,但菌根侵染率较灭菌土壤低,约为40%。【结论】综合以上结果,表明菌根化苗能够在一定程度上减轻根结线虫病的危害。土壤灭菌条件下,在感病和抗线虫番茄品种上接种AMF能够减轻线虫的侵染和繁殖,而且在感病品种上的防治效果更加显著。在连作土壤中,在番茄感病品种上接种AMF也表现较好的抗线虫效果。     

AMF和DSE组合菌剂促生防线虫病效应

本试验旨在探究丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）和暗隔内生真菌（DSE）组合菌剂对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita发育、侵染、黄瓜根结线虫病以及黄瓜生长发育的影响,为进一步探索AMF和DSE协同发挥生理生态效应的作用机制奠定基础。试验对“津优35号”黄瓜接种南方根结线虫、Phoma leveillei（DSE）、Funneliformis mosseae（AMF）、Glomus versiforme（AMF）、Acaulospora laevis（AMF）和/或Scutellospora aurigloba（AMF）。结果表明,供试AMF与DSE 能促进黄瓜生长、提高产量和增强抗病性。AMF+DSE组合处理的菌根和DSE的定殖数量、株高、茎粗、地上部和根系干重、单株产量等显著优于单接种AMF或单接种DSE处理。以F. mosseae + P. leveillei组合抑制南方根结线虫的发育、降低线虫繁殖数量、根内定殖数量、发病率和根结指数的效果最好。     

不同AMF组合提高黄瓜抗根结线虫效果的比较

本研究旨在评价不同组合丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)抑制根结线虫和降低根结线虫病害的效应,以获得抗病作用较大的AMF组合。将由AMF光壁无梗囊霉Acaulospora laevis(Al)、摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae(Fm)、幼套近明球囊霉Claroideoglomus etunicatum(Ce)、根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices(Ri)、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme(Gv)、珠状巨孢囊霉Gigaspora margarita(GIm)和全球盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora aurigloba(SCa)组成的12个组合分别接种"津优35号"黄瓜,接种南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita并设置不接种对照。盆栽试验结果表明,接种AMF组合均能显著降低线虫卵囊数和每个卵囊的含卵数量,但Fm+Ri+GIm+SCa组合则增加根内二龄幼虫数、根内雌虫数和根内线虫总数;其他大多数组合能够抑制线虫的繁殖数量,其中,以Al+Fm+GIm及Fm+Ce+Gv组合抑制线虫生长发育的作用最大;除GIm+SCa组合外,其他AMF组合均能不同程度地降低线虫为害,防效达31%–83%,以Al+Fm+GIm组合处理的根结指数最低,防效最大。设施田间试验结果表明,以Al+Fm+GIm组合抗病作用最强。本研究表明,不同组合AMF防病效应差异显著,Al+Fm+Ce+Gv组合及Al+Fm+GIm是本试验条件下防治根结线虫病害效应最好的AMF组合,具有较大的应用潜力。     

丛枝菌根真菌对西瓜嫁接苗抗南方根结线虫病的影响

根结线虫病是西瓜主要土传病害之一,长期连作往往加重西瓜根结线虫病害。利用抗病砧木嫁接可有效减轻瓜类蔬菜线虫病害,而接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,AMF)则能拮抗根结线虫,提高寄主植物抗病性。本试验旨在研究嫁接技术配合接种AMF降低瓜类蔬菜病害和促进生长的效应。试验以不同抗性南瓜杂交种(Cucurbita maxima×C.moschata)"青农2号"和"青农3号"分别嫁接西瓜Citrullus lanatus品种"京欣2号","青农2号"嫁接苗和"青农3号"嫁接苗先分别接种摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme、根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices,后接种南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita,测定AMF对不同西瓜嫁接苗根结线虫病和生长的影响。结果表明,接种AMF能不同程度地减轻嫁接苗根结线虫病害,其中,以"青农2号"嫁接苗接种变形球囊霉促生防病的效应最大。这可能与AMF提高根系活力、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量有关。结果表明,"青农2号"嫁接苗结合接种变形球囊霉是生产上具有应用潜力的技术组合。     

AMF与嫁接对西瓜连作土壤理化和微生物状况的影响

将嫁接京欣1号葫芦砧Lagenaria siceraria、京欣2号南瓜砧Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata和不嫁接的京欣4号西瓜自根苗定植于西瓜连作土壤中,接种丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF）摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme和根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices处理,以不接种丛枝菌根真菌的处理为对照。结果表明,与对照相比所有处理均显著降低土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,但提高土壤pH。接种AMF并嫁接处理的>2mm和2-0.25mm粒级土壤团聚体含量显著高于单纯嫁接或只接种AMF或对照,所有处理的0.25-0.053mm与<0.053mm粒级土壤团聚体含量均显著低于对照。以接种AMF并嫁接处理的土壤细菌数量显著高于其他处理,而所有处理的真菌数量则显著低于对照,接种AMF并嫁接处理的放线菌数量一般高于对照。接种AMF并嫁接处理的土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性显著高于对照。接种AMF结合嫁接改善连作土壤理化特性和土壤微生物区系的效应大于只嫁接或仅接种AMF的单一处理的。     

低pH对番茄幼苗菌根丛枝形成和磷营养功能的影响

以番茄Solanum lycopersicum为宿主,在pH 4.5和pH 6.5条件下分别接种3种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF),即根内球囊霉Rhizophagus irregularis、珠状巨孢囊霉Gigaspora margarita和脆无梗囊霉Acaulospora delicata,探讨低pH对AMF在根系中的丛枝形成和功能的影响。结果表明,低pH能够显著抑制AMF对根系的侵染以及丛枝的形成;3个菌种之间存在差异,表现为珠状巨孢囊霉的侵染强度最高,根内球囊霉的丛枝丰度对低pH最敏感;AMF显著增加番茄的生物量,降低其根冠比;番茄在pH 6.5的菌根依赖性低于在pH 4.5的对应值,对根内球囊霉的菌根依赖性最低;低pH对碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响与根系侵染有相似的模式;AMF显著提高地上部磷含量,增强根系LePT4的表达,但pH的影响并不显著。以上结果表明,低pH对AMF与植物共生关系的建立和维持有一定的抑制作用,低pH胁迫条件下AMF的促生作用更大,不同AMF菌种/菌株提高植株低pH抗性的能力存在差异。     

丛枝菌根真菌响应桉树茄科雷尔氏菌侵染进程基因的筛选与鉴定

【背景】桉树(Eucalyptus)青枯病危害严重,丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)与桉树共生影响桉树对青枯病的抗性,而AMF响应桉树青枯菌侵染的机制仍不清楚。【目的】探索AMF响应桉树茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)的侵染机制。【方法】以非菌根化和异形根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus irregularis)菌根化巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)分别受茄科雷尔氏菌侵染0、24、48和96 h接种后(hour post-inoculated, hpi)的根系组织为研究对象,基于转录组测序筛选和鉴定菌根化巨桉根系中异形根孢囊霉响应茄科雷尔氏菌侵染的基因信息。【结果】与对应非菌根化桉树受茄科雷尔氏菌侵染的时间点相比,菌根化桉树中异形根孢囊霉响应青枯菌侵染显著差异表达基因为3 382–5 989个,随青枯侵染时间进程的增加,异形根孢囊霉特异性响应茄科雷尔氏菌侵染差异表达基因数量逐渐增多。茄科雷尔氏菌侵染24 hpi时,异形根孢囊霉显著富集共生体生长、孢子形成和凋亡信号通路、铁载体等相关基因;茄科雷尔氏菌侵...     

丛枝菌根真菌繁殖体的高效扩繁

【背景】丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)真菌能够和大多数植物形成互利共生体系,以促进植物生长、提高抗逆能力,在生产中具有重要作用,但AM真菌的繁殖技术限制了其应用。【目的】构建AM真菌的高效繁殖体系。【方法】于温室盆栽条件下,将根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradice)接种于由3种寄主植物高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、玉米(Zea mays)、红三叶草(Trifolium repens)与5种培养基质(沸石、河砂、草炭、珍珠岩和蛭石)构建的4种繁殖体系中进行培养。研究不同繁殖体系对根内根孢囊霉侵染程度、产孢量的影响;然后利用高粱接种扩繁的菌剂进行AM真菌侵染能力的测定以验证其扩繁效果;最后基于筛选出的最优扩繁条件探讨对其他种类AM真菌摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)、幼套近明球囊霉(Clariodeoglous etunicatum)、地表多样孢囊霉(Diversispora versiformis)和脆无梗囊霉(Acaulospora delicate)的扩繁效果。【结果】基质为河砂+蛭石+草炭(体...     

南方红豆杉丛枝菌根(AM)的研究

研究了南方红豆杉根部丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)侵染情况、菌根形态结构以及根际土中AMF孢子的种类与数量.结果显示:南方红豆杉可与AMF形成典型的丛枝-泡囊型菌根,侵染率在71.2%~94.4%,但是历山、蟒河自然保护区的侵染强度优于人工栽培区;在南方红豆杉根际土中共分离鉴定出5种AMF,无梗囊霉属1种、球囊霉属4种,分别是:光壁无梗囊霉、地表球囊霉、地球囊霉、缩球囊霉、明球囊霉,其中光壁无梗囊霉为优势种;南方红豆杉的根由表皮、外皮层、内皮层、中柱组成,AMF只侵染表皮层、内皮层,不能侵染中柱.这为将来利用AMF接种技术进行南方红豆杉的繁殖、移植栽培以及紫杉醇的积累等研究提供了理论依据.     

丛枝菌根真菌对薰衣草耐热性的影响

于不同温度（25℃/20℃、35℃/30℃和40℃/35℃）下测定接种丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF）摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme和F. mosseae+G. versiforme 混合菌种处理对狭叶薰衣草Lavandula angustifolia耐热性的影响。结果表明,供试AMF能与狭叶薰衣草根系形成菌根共生体,以混合菌种处理的侵染率最高,达到68%。40℃/35℃下,与不接种AMF对照相比,混合菌种处理的狭叶薰衣草叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和叶绿素等含量以及根系活力分别提高了46%、68%、65%、29%和70%;与不接种AMF对照相比,3种温度处理下接种AMF显著增加了狭叶薰衣草植株超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和硝酸还原酶活性,而降低相对电导率及丙二醛含量。表明接种AMF能增强狭叶薰衣草抗氧化酶活性,减轻高温造成的伤害,增强耐热性,与单一接种相比以混合接种摩西斗管囊霉和变形球囊霉提高狭叶薰衣草耐热性的效应最大。     

AMF和PGPR联合修复菲和芘污染土壤的效应

丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF）与根围促生细菌（plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR）联合降解有毒有机物、修复污染土壤和促进植物生长的作用倍受关注。本试验旨在探究AMF与PGPR联合降解土壤中菲和芘的效应,以菲和芘1:1混合处理浓度各0、50mg/kg、100mg/kg和150mg/kg下对高羊茅Festuca elata接种AMF根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices（Ri）、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme（Gv）、PGPR荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens Ps2-6、芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis Ps3-2、Ri+Ps2-6、Ri+Ps3-2、Gv+Ps2-6、Gv+Ps3-2和不接种对照共36个处理。结果表明,供试AMF增加了PGPR的定殖数量;接种PGPR则显著提高AMF的侵染率。AMF、PGPR或AMF+PGPR处理均显著降低土壤中菲和芘含量,促进植物对土壤中菲和芘的吸收,显著提高高羊茅根系和叶片内的菲和芘含量。在土壤中菲和芘100mg/kg和150mg/kg水平下,Gv与Ps2-6及Ri与Ps2-6能相互促进对土壤中菲和芘的去除效应,其中接种Gv+Ps2-6组合处理的去除率最高,达到95%-98%,土壤中多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于单接种处理和不接种对照,而酸性磷酸酶活性变化则表现为相反趋势。其中以Gv+Ps2-6组合处理的多酚氧化酶活性最高,为0.17mg/g,是不接种对照的1.9倍;脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别达到1.32µg/(g·h)和1.81mL/g;酸性磷酸酶活性则比不接种对照土壤降低27%-45%;易提取球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量和总球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量分别是不接种对照的1.6倍和1.5倍。     

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation of rice seedlings at the nursery stage upon performance in the paddy field and greenhouse

We examined the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation at the nursery stage on the growth and nutrient acquisition of wetland rice (t Oryza sativa L.) under field and pot conditions. Seedlings were grown on -ray sterilized paddy soil in two types of nurseries, namely dry nursery and wet nursery, with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation which was a mixture of indigenous AMF (t Glomus spp.) spores collected from the paddy field. Five-to-six week old seedlings were transplanted to the unsterilized soil under field and pot, respectively. Mycorrhizal seedlings had higher shoot biomass under both nursery conditions 5 weeks after sowing. Mycorrhizal colonization and sporulation were 2 to 3 times higher in the dry nursery than the wet nursery at the transplanting stage. Mycorrhizal colonization of plants inoculated in the nursery remained higher than those not inoculated under both field and pot conditions. Sporulation after transplanting to field conditions was about 10 times higher than in the pot. Inoculated plants produced higher biomass at maturity under field conditions, and the grain yield was 14-21% higher than those not inoculated. Conversely, grain yield and shoot biomass were not significantly influenced by AMF colonization under pot conditions. For plants originating from the dry nursery, N, P, Zn and Cu concentrations of field-grown plants at harvest were significantly increased by preinoculation with AMF over those left uninoculated. We conclude that the AMF inoculation at the nursery stage under both dry and wet conditions increased growth, grain yield and nutrient acquisition of wetland rice under field conditions.     

接种木霉菌对黄瓜幼苗生长和根际土壤AM真菌侵染的影响

在盆栽试验中分别接种3株长枝木霉菌株Trichoderma longibrachiatum MF-1、MF-2和MF-3,以不接种木霉菌处理作为对照,研究木霉菌接种对土著AM真菌和黄瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,菌株MF-1和MF-2显著提高了AM真菌侵染率和根外菌丝密度,与对照相比,AM真菌侵染率分别提高了26.85%和54.66%,根外菌丝密度分别是对照的3.94和3.76倍。接种菌株MF-2使植株地上部生物量显著提高了39.07%。菌株MF-3显著提高土壤pH和土壤有效磷含量。Pearson相关分析发现,添加木霉菌后,AM真菌侵染率与根外菌丝密度和孢子密度均呈显著正相关关系,土壤pH与植株地上部生物量和土壤有效磷含量均呈显著正相关关系。研究表明,3株长枝木霉与土著AM真菌的联合作用效果有明显差异,菌株MF-1和MF-2显著促进AM真菌生长,菌株MF-2更有利于黄瓜幼苗生长,而菌株MF-3主要改善土壤pH和有效磷含量。将几种木霉菌复合应用,有助于达到联合促生和改善土壤环境的综合效果。     

丛枝菌根真菌促进湿地植物对污染水体中镉的吸收

丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)具有促进植物生长、增强植物耐重金属毒害及修复重金属污染生境的作用.本试验于模拟湿地系统中设0、5、10和20 mg·L^-1镉浓度,对芦苇和狼尾草分别进行接种和不接种摩西斗管囊霉(Fm)、根内根孢囊霉(Ri)处理.结果表明: 镉污染降低了AMF侵染;接种AMF提高了芦苇和狼尾草的株高、干质量、叶绿素含量、地上部与根内的氮和镉含量,增强了根系对镉的富集能力,降低了镉转移系数.在5 mg·L^-1镉处理下,接种Fm的芦苇处理的各项指标均高于其他处理,其AMF侵染率为60.6%,每毫米根长的侵入点和泡囊数分别为2.3和3.7;与不接种对照相比,接种Fm的芦苇地上部与根系干质量分别提高69.1%和75.0%,地上部与根系氮含量分别提高38.7%和27.8%,叶绿素含量和株高分别增加3.8%和11.1%.湿地系统镉浓度与植株地上部和根内的镉含量呈显著正相关.在20 mg·L^-1镉处理下,接种Fm的芦苇地上部和根内镉含量达到最大值182.4和663.3 mg·kg^-1,镉转移系数最低,为0.27,而富集系数最高,为0.55.Fm+芦苇是本试验条件下吸收富集污染水体中镉的最佳组合.     

Castor bean growth and rhizosphere soil property response to different proportions of arbuscular mycorrhizal and phosphate-solubilizing fungi

A pot culture experiment was performed to study the effects of infection with different proportions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and phosphate-solubilizing fungus (PSF) on the rhizosphere soil property of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). One AMF, Glomus mosseae, and one PSF, Mortierella sp. (Ms), were applied to non-sterilized coastal saline soil. The plant dry mass, leaf chlorophyll content, and P-uptake of castor bean were assessed. In coastal saline soil, the different proportions of both fungi-inoculated seedlings showed significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than the controls, which had lower root-to-shoot ratios than the inoculated seedlings. An increase in phosphorus (P) and chlorophyll contents was also observed in the inoculated seedlings compared with the controls. The appropriate Ms proportion seemed to be advantageous for AMF colonization. However, available P content of fungi-treated soil increased in proportion to the increase in Ms population and AMF colonization. By contrast, the pH of inoculated soil decreased because of the increased proportion of Mortierella, and electrical conductivity values showed a negative correlation with AMF colonization. Soil enzyme activities (i.e., urease, invertase, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase) and soil organic matter were also stimulated by inoculation with different proportions of both fungi. However, the catalase activities of inoculated soil were inhibited compared with those of the control soil. Results from this study prove that castor bean planting associated with an appropriate proportion of AMF and PSF will benefit the amelioration of coastal saline soils of eastern China.     

Combined application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and steel slag improves plant growth and reduces Cd,Pb accumulation in Zea mays

Abstract

Little attention has been paid to the combined use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and steel slag (SS) for ameliorating heavy metal polluted soils. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of SS and AMF?Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Glomus versiforme (Gv) and Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) on plant growth and Cd, Pb uptake by maize grown in soils added with 5?mg Cd kg^?1 and 300?mg Pb kg^?1 soil. The combined usage of AMF and SS (AMF?+?SS) promoted maize growth, and Gv?+?SS had the most obvious effect. Meanwhile, single SS addition and AMF?+?SS decreased Cd, Pb concentrations in maize, and the greater reductions were found in combined utilization, and the lowest Cd, Pb concentrations of maize appeared in Gv?+?SS. Single SS amendment and AMF?+?SS enhanced soil pH and decreased soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd, Pb concentrations. Furthermore, alone and combined usage of AMF and SS increased contents of soil total glomalin. Our research indicated a synergistic effect between AMF and SS on enhancing plant growth and reducing Cd, Pb accumulation in maize, and Gv?+?SS exerted the most pronounced effect. This work suggests that AMF inoculation in combination with SS addition may be a potential method for not only phytostabilization of Pb-Cd-contaminated soil but maize safety production.     

丛枝菌根真菌和磷水平对番茄幼苗侧根形成的影响

为了探讨丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和磷水平对植物根系构型的影响,在两个磷水平下对番茄幼苗接种AMF菌株Rhizophagus irregularis BGC JX04B,研究AMF和磷水平对番茄幼苗侧根形成的影响.结果表明: AMF对植株生物量的促进效应不明显,但显著降低了植株的根冠比;显著增加了主根长而减少了1级侧根长,并与侵染时期存在互作;显著降低了2～3级侧根数量及2级侧根数与1级侧根数的比值,对1~2级侧根密度无显著影响.高磷(50 mg·kg^-1P)显著促进了植株生长,降低了植株的根冠比;对主根长和1级侧根长无显著影响,显著增加了1~3级侧根数量及2级侧根数与1级侧根数的比值,提高了1~2级侧根密度.表明AMF和磷水平对番茄侧根形成的影响机制不同,高磷的影响可能基于对养分吸收和生长的促进效应,而AMF的影响则更为复杂,且AMF与侵染时期的互作效应预示着碳素分配(糖信号)可能参与了AMF对根系构型的调控.     

丛枝菌根真菌与放线菌对辣椒和茄子的促生防病效应

丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和植物共生放线菌(PSA)具有促进植物生长、抑菌、抗逆和防病等作用.然而,AMF与PSA之间是否能协同发挥促生防病作用值得探究.本试验旨在评价AMF和PSA对茄科蔬菜的促生防病效应,获得高效AMF+PSA组合.温室盆栽试验采用辣椒(羊角椒)和茄子(黑冠长茄子),分别接种和不接种AMF摩西斗管囊霉(Fm)、变形球囊霉(Gv)、PSA浑圆链霉菌(H6-1)、娄彻氏链霉菌(S2-2)、珊瑚链霉菌(D11-4)和病原真菌灰葡萄孢,共48个处理,测定各处理植株生长、发病和根系共生体发育状况等.结果表明: Fm与PSA能相互促进侵染定殖,而Gv与PSA相互抑制.与不接种对照相比,接种AMF、PSA和AMF+PSA各处理均能不同程度地提高辣椒和茄子植株的光合性能、根系活力和生长量.接种病原真菌条件下,接种AMF和PSA处理均显著促进植株生长,降低植株的病情指数,其中,PSA的促生防病效应大于AMF,Fm+H6-1组合对辣椒的促生防病效果最好,对灰霉病的防效达69.1%;Fm+D11-4对茄子的促生防病效果最佳,对灰霉病的防效达75.5%.在本试验条件下,Fm+H6-1和Fm+D11-4分别是辣椒和茄子促生防病的高效组合,有待进一步开展田间试验.     

Interactions of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices: Implications for Meloidogyne incognita control on tomato

The interactions of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and their significance for the control of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato were investigated in greenhouse experiments. Application of P. lilacinus had no effect on the frequency and intensity of tomato root colonization by G. intraradices. Likewise, the decline of the nematophagous fungus densities after single application in soil was not affected by the presence of the mycorrhizal fungus. Single application of P. lilacinus, as pre-planting soil treatment, resulted in significant reduction of nematode damage. In contrast, mycorrhizal inoculation did not provide sufficient biocontrol. Combined application of the two agents did not enhance root protection compared to single treatments. Double treatment of mycorrhized seedlings with P. lilacinus, as seedling drench and pre-planting soil treatment, 4 and 1 week before transplanting, respectively, resulted in the highest reduction of the nematode damage. These results indicate the potential of the commercial P. lilacinus strain 251 and mycorrhiza for integration in nematode control strategies.