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fMRI evidence for word association and situated simulation in conceptual processing. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
W Kyle Simmons Stephan B Hamann Carla L Harenski Xiaoping P Hu Lawrence W Barsalou 《Journal of Physiology》2008,102(1-3):106-119
The LASS theory proposes that Language and Situated Simulation both play central roles in conceptual processing. Depending on stimuli and task conditions, different mixtures of language and simulation occur. When a word is processed in a conceptual task, it first activates other linguistic forms, such as word associates. More slowly, the word activates a situated simulation to represent its meaning in neural systems for perception, action, and mental states. An fMRI experiment tested the LASS account. In a first scanning session, participants performed the property generation task to provide a measure of conceptual processing. In a second scanning session a week later, participants performed two localizer tasks measuring word association and situated simulation. Conjunction analyses supported predictions of the LASS theory. Activations early in conceptual processing overlapped with activations for word association. Activations late in conceptual processing overlapped with activations for situation generation. These results, along with others in the literature, indicate that conceptual processing uses multiple representations, not one. Furthermore, researchers must be careful drawing conclusions about conceptual processing, given that different paradigms are likely to produce different mixtures of language and simulation. Whereas some paradigms produce high levels of linguistic processing and low levels of simulation, other paradigms produce the opposite pattern. 相似文献
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The ability of written and spoken words to access the same semantic meaning provides a test case for the multimodal convergence of information from sensory to associative areas. Using anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography (aMEG), the present study investigated the stages of word comprehension in real time in the auditory and visual modalities, as subjects participated in a semantic judgment task. Activity spread from the primary sensory areas along the respective ventral processing streams and converged in anterior temporal and inferior prefrontal regions, primarily on the left at around 400 ms. Comparison of response patterns during repetition priming between the two modalities suggest that they are initiated by modality-specific memory systems, but that they are eventually elaborated mainly in supramodal areas. 相似文献
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Bacteriorhodopsin: a biological material for information processing. 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
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Arthur N. Freed 《Oecologia》1982,53(1):20-26
Summary
Spodoptera (Lepidoptera) and Chauliognathus (Coleoptera) larvae are the two prey most frequently consumed by Hyla cinerea in the field, whereas Musca (Diptera) is the most consistently preferred food item offered in laboratory experiments in which prey are equally available. Three genus-specific variables influence prey selection: (1) prey length, (2) activity patterns exhibited by prey, and (3) the proportion of time devoted by prey to specific behavior patterns. The quality of feeding stimuli (estimated in captures/h) vary within the behavioral repertoire of a prey genus as well as among different prey performing similar activities. 相似文献
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Jeff Aronson 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》2001,323(7327):1497
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J. G. Taylor 《Biological cybernetics》1996,75(1):59-72
A neural network model is constructed to mimic the processing involved in semantic and working memory when subliminal effects
are involved. These effects involve modifications of reaction time to later inputs, according to whether or not there has
been conscious or unconscious processing of the earlier input. The model is constructed of two separate modules: one (a semantic
memory module) allowing for processing at a semantic, but unconscious, level, and the other (a working memory module) for
conscious experience. The latter module, although a replica of the earlier one, has different lateral connectivity and output
function from the former. The model is shown to give a good fit to Marcel’s data on the processing of polysemous words. Further
tests are suggested for the model, and a possible cortical implementation suggested. The relevance of the model to recent
approaches to consciousness is also explored.
Received: 7 February 1995/Accepted in revised form: 14 November 1995 相似文献
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Actinomycin-treated mouse L cells and human HeLa cells are sensitive indicators of lymphotoxin activity in supernatant fluids of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Without actinomycin, various strains of these cells are 10–200 times less sensitive. The concentration of actinomycin used amplifies the toxic effect of LT but is not itself cytotoxic. Actinomycin-treated indicator cells permit detection of LT activity where toxicity is not often found, as in supernatants of mixed lymphocyte cultures and of cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions. This assay makes available to any investigator a sensitive indicator of LT activity. 相似文献
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