共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
种群参数估计及空间分布格局是动物生态学和保护生物学领域的重要目标之一.最近十几年来, 相机陷阱(camera trap)作为野外调查的一种非损伤性技术手段,在传统调查方法难以实现的情况下表现出极大优势,被广泛应用于野生动物生态学和保护学研究中.相机陷阱所获取的动物出现数据为野生动物种群提供了极其重要的定量信息.本文从相机陷阱工作原理出发,主要阐述了目前在种群生态学中较为成熟的两类针对具有或不具有天然个体标志物种的模型原理及应用: 1)种群密度和种群数量估计; 2)空间占据率估计.论文特别关注了模型发展的逻辑过程、依赖的假定、使用范围、仍然存在的问题以及未来发展方向.最后, 本文综合分析了相机陷阱在种群参数估计应用中还需注意的问题, 以及其在种群动态和生物多样性研究等方面的发展潜力. 相似文献
2.
3.
近些年来,人们对植物营养性状的遗传学背景日益了解,特别是磷素营养。随着分子生物学的快速发展,磷素营养的研究已深入到分子水平并且取得了可喜的成绩。本文从植物体内调控磷吸收利用的相关QTLs定位,缺磷诱导的基因表达,植物体内的磷调控系统,磷转运子及与磷有关的突变体的研究作一概括。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
利用自动照相术获得天山雪豹拍摄率与个体数量 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
采用红外线自动照相机记录雪豹的活动和个体数量,这在国内尚属首次。野外调查开始于2005年10月18日,至12月27日结束。累计野外工作71d,共布设36台红外照相机,约2094个照相日,50256h,收回胶卷71个。在新疆天山托木尔峰自然保护区内5个峡谷的16个地点成功拍摄到清晰雪豹照片约32张,平均拍摄率或“捕获率”达1.53%。根据照片个体斑纹分析和“雪后痕迹调查”(SignSurveyAfterSnowing)的信息,确定在250km2范围内有5-8只雪豹活动,个体的日活动距离3-10km/d,其最低分布密度为2.0-3.2只/100km2。还拍摄到其它野生动物照片22张,如北山羊、野猪、草兔、石鸡、赤狐等。另外,还调查样线20条,搜集粪样和毛发样品计31个。 相似文献
7.
利用红外相机调查浙江省凤阳山兽类和鸟类多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年11月至2009年11月,2010年8月至2016年8月期间,采用红外相机调查浙江凤阳山–百山祖国家级自然保护区内凤阳山片区的兽类和鸟类多样性。调查期内共布设98个不同相机位点（45个公里网格）,累计28 256相机日,共拍摄到8 208张有效独立照片,鉴定为18种野生兽类和38种野生鸟类物种,分别隶属5目12科和7目16科;家畜及家禽共5种。红外相机拍摄率最高的前5种野生动物依次为小麂（Muntiacus reevesi）（拍摄率CR=11.15）、白鹇（Lophura nycthemera）（CR=2.63）、黑麂（M. crinifrons）（CR=1.03）、野猪（Sus scrofa）（CR=0.96）、猕猴（Macaca mulatta）（CR=0.59）;国家I级重点保护野生动物2种,国家II级重点保护野生动物有6种;被中国脊椎动物红色名录评估为濒危（EN）、易危（VN）、近危（TN）的物种分别有2、4、9种。调查中记录到倭花鼠（Tamiops maritimus）、凤头鹰（Accipiter trivirgatus）和丘鹬（Scolopax rusticola）等15个物种为凤阳山保护区新记录种,其中斑尾鹃鸠（Macropygia unchall）为浙江省鸟类新记录物种。此外红外相机还拍摄到大量的人类活动照片,表明当地人类活动较为严重,应加强管理。调查结果提供了较为全面的凤阳山保护区兽类和鸟类的本底信息,为后续的保护管理和长期监测提供了数据支持和指导。 相似文献
8.
9.
内生菌与植物共生能够提高宿主的氮吸收与氮代谢水平,这可能是由于内生菌在植物体内引发的多种效应的综合结果.植物内生菌能够通过促进植物根系发育和固氮作用为宿主植物提供更多的无机氮素;能够通过分泌多种胞外酶系如漆酶、蛋白水解酶等使宿主植物更好地利用有机氮素;能够提高宿主氮代谢关键酶如硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)等酶的活性;能够提高宿主植物激素水平和维生素含量从而促进宿主氮代谢;能够通过影响宿主植物氮代谢促进宿主植物分蘖、提高宿主植物叶绿素含量和光合速率等等.综述了国内外关于植物内生菌促进宿主氮代谢的相关报道,归纳了植物内生菌影响宿主氮素吸收与代谢的可能机制,并展望了关于植物内生菌促进宿主氮代谢机制方面的研究方向. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
The Carpentarian Pseudantechinus (Pseudantechinus mimulus) is a poorly studied dasyurid marsupial that inhabits rocky outcrops in the Mount Isa Inlier bioregion in Queensland and the Gulf Coastal and Gulf Fall and Uplands bioregions in the Northern Territory. It is readily detected by passive infrared triggered camera traps (‘camera traps’). Camera trap data can be used to develop detection probability estimates from which activity patterns can be inferred, but no effort has previously been made to determine changes in the detectability of P. mimulus throughout the year. We undertook a 13-month baited camera trap survey across nine sampling periods at 60 locations of known historic presence or nearby suitable habitat to assess the change in detection rates and detection probabilities of P. mimulus across a year. Detection probabilities were calculated from camera trap data within a single-species, multi-season occupancy framework to determine optimal survey timing. Detection probability data were used to calculate the likelihood of false absences to determine optimal survey duration. We recorded 2493 detections of P. mimulus over 10 966 camera days. Detection probability ranged from 0.009 to 0.179 and was significantly higher from April to October than from November to March. The likelihood of false absences varied by sampling period and desired level of confidence. We find that camera trap surveys for P. mimulus are best conducted from April to October, but optimal survey duration is dependent upon the time of year and desired level of confidence that an observed absence from a given site reflects a true absence at that site. Attaining a minimum of 80% confidence of absence requires as few as 9 days of survey effort in May to 16 days of survey effort in October. 相似文献
13.
Jamie McCallum 《Mammal Review》2013,43(3):196-206
- Camera traps are automated cameras, triggered by movements, used to collect photographic evidence of the presence of animals in field research. I asked whether the use of camera traps in mammalian field research is distributed evenly and increasing equally in a range of habitats, taxa and study types. I aimed to understand where camera traps are used and for what purposes.
- I identified the population of papers published since 1994 in which camera trap methodology was used. I then explored the population for defined habitats, taxa and study types. I tested the derived data for growth and distribution. Over 96% of the population of camera trap papers identified were focused on mammalian species.
- Between 1994 and 2011, the use of camera traps for mammalian research increased: 73% of 414 studies were published after 2005. Over time, equipment has become more sophisticated, reliable, flexible, cost‐effective and easy to deploy, and there have been other methodological advances.
- Growth in the number of mammal‐related camera trap studies was matched by an expansion in the taxa studied and in study types. The most studied taxon is the order Carnivora; forests are the most studied habitat. No single study type dominates, although there are more population density studies than any other. Camera trap studies are focused on a limited number of habitats and taxa due to their particular strengths and the characteristics of the species that they are used to investigate.
- Developments such as infrared illumination and triggering, greater battery life, improved lenses, digital storage capacity, miniaturization, video and real‐time links will enable camera traps to be used for an increasing range of habitats, taxa and study types and will reinforce their growing value in the areas in which they currently predominate.
14.
Worrapan Phumanee Robert Steinmetz Rungnapa Phoonjampa Suthon Weingdow Surachai Phokamanee Naris Bhumpakphan Tommaso Savini 《Conservation Science and Practice》2021,3(12):e560
Landscape-scale strategies for conserving wild tigers emphasize the role of core breeding populations (source sites) to replenish surrounding areas which have lost tigers. In Southeast Asia, a few potential source sites remain, particularly Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand (HKK). We investigated tiger density in two reserves (Mae Wong, Khlong Lan: MWKL) adjacent to HKK where tigers and their prey were scarce due to historic poaching but current management offered effective protection. Camera trapping revealed 10 adult tigers (four males, six females), at least two of which had immigrated from HKK. Spatially explicit tiger density was 0.359 tigers/100 km2, 5.6 times lower than HKK. The population was breeding, with six cubs observed. Tiger movements (measured by σ, the spatial scale parameter) were twice as extensive in MWKL as in HKK, indicative of prey scarcity in MWKL. The disparity in density between MWKL and HKK reveals that tiger recovery is a slow process when prey are scarce, even when recovery areas are apparently well-managed and connected to a source site. We review source-recovery dynamics of tigers in other sites in Asia and find that low prey impedes landscape-scale recoveries elsewhere as well. 相似文献
15.
红外相机技术的广泛应用推动了动物种群生态学研究方法的发展和革新, 特别是基于标记-重捕模型框架通过非损伤取样方式对物种数量和密度等种群参数的可靠估计, 为保护濒危物种和评估保护成效提供了有力的科学依据。对于身体上具有独特天然标记的动物(如多数猫科动物), 可依据红外相机拍摄身体上的独特斑点或条纹鉴别个体, 再运用标记-重捕模型, 估计动物种群数量、密度等参数。本文概述了标记-重捕模型的基本原理、特点以及国内外的应用, 特别是近年来发展出的空间标记-重捕模型。总结了从相机布设到数据分析的具体流程、操作原则, 并以青城山家猫为实例, 展示了应用红外相机数据通过空间标记-重捕模型估计种群密度和数量的基本步骤。最后展望了该模型在种群动态、景观廊道设计、资源选择等方面的应用和发展趋势。 相似文献
16.
Camera traps (CTs) are an increasingly popular tool for wildlife survey and monitoring. Estimating relative abundance in unmarked species is often done using detection rate as an index of relative abundance, which assumes that detection rate has a positive linear relationship with true abundance. This assumption may be violated if movement behavior varies with density, but the degree to which movement behavior is density‐dependent across taxa is unclear. The potential confounding of population‐level relative abundance indices by movement would depend on how regularly, and by what magnitude, movement rate and home‐range size vary with density. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to quantify relationships between movement rate, home‐range size, and density, across terrestrial mammalian taxa. We then simulated animal movements and CT sampling to test the effect of contrasting movement scenarios on CT detection rate indices. Overall, movement rate and home‐range size were negatively correlated with density and positively correlated with one another. The strength of the relationships varied significantly between taxa and populations. In simulations, detection rates were related to true abundance but underestimated change, particularly for slower moving species with small home ranges. In situations where animal space use changes markedly with density, we estimate that up to thirty percent of a true change in relative abundance may be missed due to the confounding effect of movement, making trend estimation more difficult. The common assumption that movement remains constant across densities is therefore violated across a wide range of mammal species. When studying unmarked species using CT detection rates, researchers and managers should explicitly consider that such indices of relative abundance reflect both density and movement. Practitioners interpreting changes in camera detection rates should be aware that observed differences may be biased low relative to true changes in abundance. Further information on animal movement, or methods that do not depend on assumptions of density‐independent movement, may be required to make robust inferences on population trends. 相似文献
17.
Willem A. Nieman;Alexander E. Botha; 《African Journal of Ecology》2024,62(1):e13223
Large transboundary protected areas such as the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA-TFCA), improve mammal conservation by addressing biodiversity threats on regional and international levels, but an adequate understanding of mammal space use and richness within protected areas is critical for effective management planning. This information has however been missing from the Angolan component of the KAZA-TFCA, such as areas of Luengue-Luiana National Park (LLNP), especially compared with neighbouring countries. We used camera trap data from 2021 to 2023 to investigate species richness of medium- and large-sized mammals in two hotspot areas of LLNP, as well as assess the space use patterns of 9 carnivore and 16 herbivore species. A total of 48 species were recorded over 10,781 camera trapping nights, with African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and small antelope (e.g. common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia and steenbok Raphicerus campestris) being the most common. Species composition differed significantly between sites, with 21 species more relatively abundant at Ndunjuru, including cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), and eight species more relatively abundant at Bico, including lion (Panthera leo) and hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). The detection probability of 22 species were affected by one or more ecological (e.g. proximity to rivers) or anthropogenic (e.g. human settlement) covariate. These results are intended to act as a baseline to monitor conservation effort and aid habitat management in LLNP, as well as similar protected areas within the KAZA-TFCA and elsewhere. 相似文献
18.
Guilherme B. Ferreira Jorge A. Ahumada Marcelo J. R. Oliveira Fernando F. de Pinho Izabela M. Barata Chris Carbone Ben Collen 《Biotropica》2017,49(5):734-744
Debate about the conservation value of secondary habitats has tended to focus on tropical forests, increasingly recognizing the role of secondary forests for biodiversity conservation. However, there remains a lack of information about the conservation value of secondary savannas. Here, we conducted a camera trap survey to assess the effect of secondary vegetation on large mammals in a Brazilian Cerrado protected area, using a single‐season occupancy framework to investigate the response of individual species (species‐level models) and of all species combined (community‐level models). In addition, we investigated the cost effectiveness of different sampling designs to monitor globally threatened species in the study area. At the community level, savanna that regenerated from eucalyptus plantation had similar occupancy estimate as old growth areas. At the species level, none of the ten species individually assessed seemed to respond to succession stage, with greater support for the effect of other covariates on occupancy, such as distance from water and vegetation physiognomy. These results demonstrate that secondary vegetation does not appear to negatively impact large mammals in the study area and suggest that, given a favorable context, Cerrado mammals can recolonize and use secondary savannas that regenerated from clearcut. However, our study area should be considered a best‐case scenario, as it retained key ecological attributes of high‐value secondary habitats. Our simulations showed that a sampling design with 60 camera trap sites surveyed during nine occasions is appropriate to monitor most globally threatened species in the study area, and could be a useful starting point for new monitoring initiatives in other Cerrado areas. 相似文献
19.
龚翠凤;韦伟;罗概;韩一敏;吴鹏程;何梦楠;闵清悦;付强;陈鹏 《生物多样性》2025,33(3):133-145
空间生态位分化是生物多样性维持的重要机制之一。为了解大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类的空间生态位分化情况, 本文于2021年10月至2022年3月在该区域布设了56台红外相机, 采用单季节单物种占域模型计算域内主要6种有蹄类动物的占域率, 包括毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、水鹿(Rusa unicolor)、扭角羚(Budorcas taxicolor)、中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)和小麂(Muntiacus reevesi), 分析其空间分布情况, 并进一步采用单季节双物种占域模型计算这些物种间的物种相互作用因子(species interaction factor, SIF)值, 探究它们的空间共存关系。结果显示: (1)毛冠鹿具有最高的空间占域率(0.61), 野猪次之(0.55), 水鹿、扭角羚和中华斑羚分别为0.44、0.41和0.11, 小麂占域率最低(0.05); (2)有蹄类动物的占域率受到环境变量的影响, 其中海拔是影响上述6种有蹄类动物分布的主要因素; (3)在空间共存关系上, 水鹿与除野猪外的其他有蹄类不存在明显回避, 毛冠鹿与野猪和扭角羚之间也不存在明显回避, 而其他物种相互之间空间分布更多呈回避关系。研究结果表明环境因素影响着崇州区域有蹄类物种的空间生态位, 同时, 物种间的空间分布格局显著影响了同域分布动物的共存机制及种间竞争关系。本研究为保护和管理大熊猫国家公园崇州片区有蹄类动物提供了重要的科学依据, 突出了在物种多样性保护中考虑空间生态位分化的重要性。 相似文献
20.
Pablo Palencia;Stefania Zanet;Patricia Barroso;Rachele Vada;Francesco Benatti;Flavia Occhibove;Francesca Meriggi;Ezio Ferroglio; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(1):e10793
The crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) is a rodent present in Africa and southern Europe (Italy exclusively). The Italian population is expanding from the centre to the north and south, but little is known about the species' abundance. Reliable population density estimates are important for monitoring trends in wildlife populations and for developing effective conservation and management strategies. In this context, we aimed to first report crested porcupine population density on the northern limit of its current distribution range using a non-invasive approach. Specifically, we randomly placed 38 camera traps in an area of 242 km2 in north Italy (Lombardy region), and we applied camera trap distance sampling. We estimated a porcupine density of 0.49 ind·km−2 (±0.33, standard error). The results presented here are the first crested porcupine density estimate accounting for imperfect detection (i.e. species present but not detected). The abundance estimate reported here is fundamental for a better understanding of the species status in Europe and for implementing conservation and management plans. 相似文献