副溶血性弧菌全基因组DNA芯片的研制和质量评价

【目的】研制副溶血性弧菌全基因组芯片,建立芯片杂交方法,并对芯片质量进行评价。【方法】利用副溶血性弧菌全基因组序列,挑选出4770条基因,PCR扩增各基因并将PCR产物纯化,点样制备芯片;设计了两个质控杂交组合,采用双色荧光杂交策略,对芯片质量进行评价;PCR方法验证部分芯片结果。【结果】芯片杂交与理论预期结果以及PCR验证结果完全一致。【结论】成功的研制了一批质量良好的副溶血性弧菌全基因组DNA芯片,并建立了基于DNA芯片的副溶血性弧菌比较基因组学技术平台,建立了一套系统的芯片数据分析的标准方法。     

副溶血性弧菌全基因组DNA芯片的研制和芯片质量的评价

摘要 目的 研制副溶血性弧菌全基因组芯片,建立芯片杂交方法,并对芯片质量进行评价。方法 利用副溶血性弧菌全基因组序列,挑选出4770条基因,PCR扩增各基因并将PCR产物纯化,点样制备芯片;设计了两个质控杂交组合,采用双色荧光杂交策略,对芯片质量进行评价;PCR方法验证部分芯片结果。结果 芯片杂交与理论预期结果以及PCR验证结果完全一致。结论 成功的研制了一批质量良好的副溶血性弧菌全基因组DNA芯片,并建立了基于DNA芯片的副溶血性弧菌比较基因组学技术平台,建立了一套系统的芯片数据分析的标准方法。     

Genomes of extremophile crucifers: new platforms for comparative genomics and beyond

ABSTRACT: Recent reports describe the genome sequencing of Thellungiella salsuginea and Thellungiella parvula, two extremophile crucifers closely related to the stress-sensitive model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.     

基因组功能预测的进化印记方法

改善基因组功能预测方案是目前功能基因组学的迫切问题,生物进化历程会在分子序列上留下相应进化印记－直系同源簇的特异模体,在这一生物学事实的基础上,提出了一个新的基因缚功能预测方法,首先利用进化分析方法构建直系同源簇,再找到各直系同源簇的功能模体,这样可以形成特异的功能模体库,未知基因的功能预测可望通过搜索该功能模体库而得以高效,准确地完成,对５个家族的检验初步证实该方案是可行的。     

小麦的比较基因组学和功能基因组学

小麦是异源多倍体植物,具有大的染色体组,并且基因组中重复序列所占比例较高,这些特征限制了小麦基因组研究的进展。比较基因组学方法为运用模式植物进行小麦基因组学研究提供了一个操作平台。功能基因组学的研究集中于基因组中转录表达的部分,基因功能的确定是功能基因组学研究的主要内容。对比较基因组学在小麦基因组研究中的应用和小麦功能基因组学的研究内容和方法进行了综述。     

3D Genome Tuner： Compare Multiple Circular Genomes in a 3D Context

Circular genomes, being the largest proportion of sequenced genomes, play an important role in genome analysis. However, traditional 2D circular map only provides an overview and annotations of genome but does not offer feature-based comparison. For remedying these shortcomings, we developed 3D Genome Tuner, a hybrid of circular map and comparative map tools. Its capability of viewing comparisons between multiple circular maps in a 3D space offers great benefits to the study of comparative genomics. The pro...     

基因芯片在细菌基因组学和细胞微生物学研究中的应用

利用基因芯片可以鉴定病原菌在不同宿主微环境中受到差异调节的基因、直接或间接由转录因子控制的基因,以及编码多步骤代谢和生物合成途径中各种组分的基因;通过比较基因组学研究,评价相关菌种和菌株的自然群体内遗传多样性的范围和特性,并在ORF水平描述病原体和共生体之间的差异;同时也可进行感染组织细胞基因表达分析,研究病原体和宿主之间复杂的相互作用关系。     

比较基因组学在哺乳动物进化研究中的应用

哺乳动物经过长期进化,使其基因组在结构和功能上存在着明显的差异,构成了表型进化的基础。随着人类、部分哺乳动物基因组测序的完成,以比较基因组学为主要研究手段的哺乳动物进化研究应运而生,从而为在基因组水平上深入认识哺乳动物进化关系、揭示生命的起源和进化提供依据。对比较基因组学的主要研究方法进行了综述,进而探讨其在哺乳动物进化研究中的应用,并对哺乳动物比较基因组学的发展进行了展望。     

轮藻门植物基因组学研究进展

轮藻门(Charophyta)植物与陆生植物组成单系的链形植物门, 化石证据和分子证据支持陆生植物起源于轮藻门植物。该文总结了已完成全基因组测序的10种轮藻门植物的14个全基因组信息, 综述了植物陆地化的分子机制, 表明调控植物激素信号转导和编码关键转录因子的基因家族扩张和基因水平转移是轮藻产生预适应的潜在原因。文中阐述了轮藻门植物全基因组数据在转录组学和基因功能研究中的作用, 提出端粒到端粒的基因组和泛基因组对于深入理解植物陆地化的重要性, 以及整合基因组信息和生物学实验在解析轮藻门植物基因功能和起源方面的必要性。     

稻属植物的基因组进化

水稻所在的稻属(Oryza)共有24个左右的物种。由于野生稻含有大量的优良农艺性状基因, 在水稻遗传学研究中日益受到重视。随着国际稻属基因组计划的开展, 越来越多的稻属基因组序列被测定, 稻属成为进行比较、功能和进化基因组学研究的模式系统。近期开展的一系列研究对稻属不同基因组区段以及全基因组序列的比较分析, 揭示了稻属在基因组大小、基因移动、多倍体进化、常染色质到异染色质的转化以及着丝粒区域的进化等方面的分子机制。转座子的活性以及转座子因非均等重组或非法重组而造成的删除, 对稻属基因组的扩增和收缩具有重要作用。DNA双链断裂修复介导的基因移动, 特别是非同源末端连接, 是稻属基因组非共线性基因形成的主要来源。稻属基因组从常染色质到异染色质的转换过程, 伴随着转座子的大量扩增、基因片段的区段性和串联重复以及从基因组其他位置不断捕获异染色质基因。对稻属不同物种间基因拷贝数、特异基因和重要农艺性状基因的进化等研究, 可揭示稻属不同物种间表型和适应性差异的分子基础, 将加速水稻的育种和改良。     

基因组时代的昆虫学研究

昆虫种类繁多,它与生态系统中的生物多样性,以及人类的日常生活和生产密切相关。自2000年黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster全基因组测序完成以来,至今已先后开展了88种昆虫全基因组测序工作,这标志着昆虫学研究进入了基因组时代。本文综述了近年来昆虫基因组测序进展,以及基于基因组的昆虫学研究方法及应用等两方面的研究成果。同时,着重介绍了昆虫全基因组测序进程,昆虫基因组在个体生物学、多物种间及种群,及系统生物学研究中的应用等方面的内容。最后,还探讨了基因组时代昆虫学研究所面临的挑战。     

判定直系同源关系的进化分析方法

如何正确判定基因之间的直系同源 (ortholog)和旁系同源 (paralog)关系 ,仍是基因组功能诠释和比较基因组学中有待更好解决的关键问题。在以前的工作中 ,曾用进化分析方法解决多基因家族的直系 /旁系同源关系的判定问题 ,现进而完整地展开判定直系同源关系的进化分析方法。从 44个同源蛋白质家族的案例观察表明 ,与流行的COG方法 (直系同源蛋白质的聚类 )比较 ,本方法能一般的判定直系同源关系以及能准确的诠释基因组的分子功能     

From Single Genes to Co-Expression Networks: Extracting Knowledge from Barley Functional Genomics

The paper reports an ‘in silico’ approach to gene expression analysis based on a barley gene co-expression network resulting from the study of several publicly available cDNA libraries. The work is an application of Systems Biology to plant science: at the end of the computational step we identified groups of potentially related genes. The communities of co-expressed genes constructed from the network are remarkably characterized from the functional point of view, as shown by the statistical analysis of the Gene Ontology annotations of their members. Experimental, lab-based testing has been carried out to check the relationship between network and biological properties and to identify and suggest effective strategies of information extraction from the network-derived data.Electronic supplementary material Electronic supplementary material is available for this article at and accessible for authorised users. These two authors contributed equally to this work     

Multicellular Ascomycetous Fungal Genomes Contain More Than 8000 Genes

Fungi comprise a large monophyletic group of uni- and multicellular eukaryotic organisms in which many species are of economic or medical importance. Fungal genomes are variable in size (13–42 Mb), and multicellular species support true spatial and temporal cell-type-specific regulation of gene expression. In a 38.8-kbAspergillus nidulanscontiguous genomic DNA region, a transposable element and 12 potential genes were identified, 7 similar to genes in other organisms. This observation is consistent with the prediction that multicellular ascomycetous fungi harbor 8000–9000 genes in a 36-Mb average genome. Thus, the genomic DNA sequence of filamentous fungi will provide substantial amounts of genetic and functional information that is not available in yeast, for the human and other metazoan minimal gene complement.     

Trojan Genes and Transparent Genomes: Sexual Selection,Regulatory Evolution and the Real Hopeful Monsters

Potential impacts of genetically modified (GM) animals in natural environments are explored in a framework of regulatory evolution. Transgenic growth hormone animals express remarkable alterations and plasticity in development, physiology and behavior in response to environmental factors (nutrition, temperature, photoperiod), suggesting that standard laboratory assessments are likely to underestimate their evolutionary potential. Sexual selection is examined in the context of female self-referent appraisal of male fitness that reflects performance in the species-specific niche. Wild-type females may recognize and discriminate against GM males (the Transparent Genome Hypothesis) but if accepted as mates, pleiotropic disruption associated with GMs may reduce fitness of the natural population (the Trojan Gene Hypothesis). Alternatively, facilitation of regulatory evolution by sexual reproduction (recombination and segregation) may derive modifier selection, masking, integration, or niche shifts. Other aspects explored include mutation theory, purging, pleiotropy, epigenetics and plasticity, behavior and the Bruce effect, and mismatch of genetic or epigenetic background between GM stock and natural populations.     

Conserved Meiotic Genes Point to Sex in the Choanoflagellates

ABSTRACT. The choanoflagellates are a widespread group of heterotrophic aquatic nanoflagellates, which have recently been confirmed as the sister-group to Metazoa. Asexual reproduction is the only mode of cell division that has been observed within the group; at present the range of reproductive modes, as well as the ploidy level, within choanoflagellates are unknown. The recent discovery of long terminal repeat retrotransposons within the genome of Monosiga brevicollis suggests that this species also has sexual stages in its life cycle because asexual organisms cannot tolerate retrotransposons due to the rapid accumulation of deleterious mutations caused by their transposition. We screened the M. brevicollis genome for known eukaryotic meiotic genes, using a recently established "meiosis detection toolkit" of 19 genes. Eighteen of these genes were identified, none of which appears to be a pseudogene. Four of the genes were also identified in expressed sequence tag data from the distantly related Monosiga ovata . The presence of these meiosis-specific genes provides evidence for meiosis, and by implication sex, within this important group of protists.