快速检测成人腹泻轮状病毒(ADRV)抗原和抗体的研究

本文报道应用反相间接血凝和间接血凝试验技术快速检测ADRV抗原和抗体,一般在60分钟左右作出诊断。用ELISA方法和协同凝集试验作对照,结果一致。本实验与其它肠道病毒不发生交叉凝集反应,与菌痢、肠炎病人粪便和正常人粪便标本也不发生非特异性反应。实验准确可靠。本实验用间接血凝试验技术快速检测了ADRV抗体,观察了流行性腹泻病人血清中ADRV抗体持续时间。发现流行性腹泻患者发病后ADRV抗体存在半年以上,八个月有不同程度的下降,流行地区的健康人的ADRV抗体水平占33％左右,非流行地区正常人的ADRV抗体占11.3％左右。并用血凝抑制试验检测ADRV抗体,与小儿轮状病毒抗体无交叉反应。本试验对流行性腹泻的流行病学研究和临床诊断具有实用意义。     

成人腹泻轮状病毒的提纯及其高价免疫血清的制备

本文采用交叉免疫电泳技术,首先提纯了成人腹泻轮状病毒(Adult DiarrhoeaRotavirus简称:ADRV),并经电镜确认,用作免疫抗原,首次制备了高价兔与豚鼠抗ADRV血清和小鼠抗ADRV腹水,其特异性经交叉免疫电泳和对流免疫电泳鉴定,其效价经酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测均在1:2,000以上。     

成人腹泻轮状病毒的血清流行病学

本文用对流电泳技术进行成人腹泻轮状病毒(ADRV)血清流行病学调查,发现我国大陆、香港及澳大利亚正常人群中,抗ADRV抗体阳性率都在20％以下,而发生过腹泻流行的地区,阳性率高达40％以上。在动物中,抗体反应谱广泛(猪、鸡、鸭、家鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、小鼠)。以猪(36.13％)和家鼠(46.66％)为最高,讨论了成人腹泻轮状病毒动物来源的可能性。     

成人腹泻轮状病毒的分子流行病学调查

本文在我们先前研究的基础上,报道用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对我国12个地区53份成人腹泻轮状病毒(Adull Diarrhea Rotavirus, 简称 ADRV)的核酸(RNA)进行了分析。研究结果表明,我国各地流行的ADRV具有共同而独特的RNA图型,同时首次观察到不同地区的成人蝮泻轮状病毒RNA在电冰迁移率上存在着微小的差别;这意味着我国目前流行的AI)R、为一群基因图型基本相似,而在毒株间存在着微小的变异。     

成人腹泻轮状病毒ELISA方法的建立和应用

本文通过特异性试验、阻断试验、交叉试验、敏感度试验和重复性试验,建立了成人腹泻轮状病毒一酶联免疫吸附试验法(ADRV—ELISA)。应用此法检测了全国20多个省区202份病人腹泻标本,检出率为91％。采用本ELISA、核酸电泳、电镜三种方法对48份病人腹泻标本进行了双盲法检测比较,结果三种方法的阳性检出率分别为100％、85.4％、56.25％(P<0.05)。实验结果表明,本ELISA应用于检测成人腹泻轮状病毒(ADRV),具有敏感度高。特异性强等优点。     

湖北成人轮状病毒性腹泻爆发流行的病原学研究

1986年5月4日—5月19日,湖北省襄阳县发生七起以成人为主的流行性腹泻,发病98例,患病率为47.1％。发病涉及各年龄组,以青壮年为主。取18名患者粪便作细菌培养,未发现致病菌。而有50％(9/18)的粪便际本在电镜下观察到约75nm的轮状病毒颗粒;72.2％(13/18)的粪便标本聚丙烯酰胺电泳(PAGE)检测呈阳性,病毒核酸图象与普遍轮状病毒核酸图象十分不同;患者双份血清补体结合试验表明57.1％的病人恢复期血清产生对分离株轮状病毒的抗体。因此,可以确定,本次流行性愎泻爆发流行的病原是成人轮状病毒(ADRV)。     

人B组轮状病毒vp7基因的克隆和序列分析

利用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,扩增了人B组轮状病毒WH-2vp7基因,连接到克隆载体pUCm-T,并对其基因序列进行了分析.WH-2与ADRV的同源性达98%,与印度加尔各达分离株CAL-1达92%,而与动物B组轮状病毒同源性差别较大,如与IDIR(鼠)同源性仅为58%,与WD653(牛)B组轮状病毒同源性为63%,与ATI(牛)同源性为61%.对vp7基因的二级结构分析发现其mRNA折叠形成多达18个发卡环状结构.VP7蛋白是249个氨基酸组成,分子量为28.4kDa,含有3个潜在的N连接的糖基化位点和多个磷酰化位点,从氨基酸序列的同源性来看,WH-2与ADRV的同源性达99%,与CAL-1达95%,而IDIR仅为51%,说明了WH-2和ADRV的起源相同.此研究对了解B组轮状病毒基因的进化和变异规律具有重要意义,也将为B组轮状病毒预防性疫苗的研制提供科学的依据.     

人B组轮状病毒vp7基因的克隆和序列分析

利用逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,扩增了人B组轮状病毒WH—2vp7基因,连接到克隆载体pUCm—T,并对其基因序列进行了分析。WH—2与ADRV的同源性达98％,与印度加尔各达分离株CAL—1达92％,而与动物B组轮状病毒同源性差别较大,如与IDIR(鼠)同源性仅为58％,与WD653(牛)B组轮状病毒同源性为63％,与ATI(牛)同源性为61％。对vp7基因的二级结构分析发现其mRNA折叠形成多达18个发卡环状结构。VP7蛋白是249个氨基酸组成,分子：量为28．4kDa,含有3个潜在的N连接的糖基化位点和多个磷酰化位点,从氨基酸序列的同源性来看,WH—2与ADRV的同源性达99％,与CAL—1达95％,而IDIR仅为51％,说明了WH—2和ADRV的起源相同。此研究对了解B组轮状病毒基因的进化和变异规律具有重要意义,也将为B组轮状病毒预防性疫苗的研制提供科学的依据。     

在我国患急性腹泻成人中发现一种新轮状病毒

从3例急性成人腹泻患者粪便中,经电镜观察,成人腹泻轮状病毒—酶联免疫吸附试验(ADRV-ELISA)、普通轮状病毒—酶联免疫吸附试验(Rota-ELISA),猪抗C型(组)轮状病毒和鸡抗D型(组)轮状病毒血清分别与本病毒的免疫电镜试验以及RNA电泳等实验结果,发现了一种新轮状病毒,该病毒的形态结构与普通轮状病毒(Rotavirus)、成人腹泻论状病毒(Adult Diarrhoea Rotavirus,简称ADRV)极为相似,但抗原性与普通轮状病毒(A组),成人腹泻轮状病毒(B组),C型轮状病毒(C组),D型轮状病毒(D组)显然无关。基因分析表明,该病毒基因组由11个双链RNA片段组成,但其RNA电泳图型具有独自的特点,与目前公认的A组、B组、C组、D组论状病毒韵RNA电泳图型均不同,免疫电镜证实,该病毒能被人恢复期血清所凝集,表明该病毒可能是腹泻病人的病因。     

蛙病毒同源蛋白RGV-27R和ADRV-85L的表达及其免疫原性分析

沼泽绿牛蛙病毒(Rana grylio virus,RGV)和大鲵蛙病毒(Andrias davidianus ranavirus,ADRV)同属虹彩病毒科(Iridoviridae)蛙病毒属(Ranavirus)成员,是引起水产动物高死亡率的病原。其同源早期蛋白RGV-27R和ADRV-85L与蛙病毒代表株蛙病毒3型(Frog virus 3,FV3)25R基因所编码的大小为31kD的早期蛋白P31K(FV3-P31K)同一性超过99%。我们在观察和比较RGV与ADRV感染大鲵胸腺细胞(Giant salamander thymus cell,GSTC)显微病变的基础上,将ADRV-85L和RGV-27R基因分别克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a与pMAL-p5X中,转化宿主菌E·coli BL21(DE3)并诱导表达,经十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)检测,对这两种蛋白的原核表达及其产物免疫原性进行分析。结果显示这两种基因在载体pET-32a中的表达效率要显著高于pMAL-p5X。随后,取高效诱导表达的pET-32a-RGV-27R产物,经Ni-NTA His-Bind亲和层析分离提纯,获得浓度为1.2 mg/mL的融合蛋白His-RGV-27R,用其免疫动物,制备了抗体27R-Ab,酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测抗体的效价为1∶6.25×10~6。用经正常大肠杆菌菌液和正常GSTC细胞悬液吸附处理后的抗体作为一抗,对被RGV或ADRV感染的GSTC细胞悬液进行Western Blot检测,并以重组原核质粒表达的融合蛋白His-RGV-27R和HisADRV-85L作为阳性对照,以正常GSTC细胞悬液为阴性对照,分别从RGV或ADRV感染的GSTC细胞悬液中,检出大小同为31kD的特异性蛋白条带。本研究证实两种蛙病毒同源早期蛋白RGV-27R和ADRV-85L不仅都能在两栖动物细胞中表达,且具有相同的抗原特性,这为深入研究这类病毒蛋白对蛙病毒复制的影响及其与宿主相互作用的分子机制提供了实验材料。     

Urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde after high dose radiochemotherapy preceding stem cell transplantation

The urinary excretion of the hydroxylated DNA base 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was monitored in 11 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing total body irradiation and high-dose chemotherapy preceding bone marrow transplantation. Nine patients showed a prompt increase in urinary 8-OHdG (8-25 times the initial baseline level) on days 0-7 after irradiation onset; the excretion then decreased during the aplastic period and increased again when engraftment took place (in 7 patients). A significant positive correlation was found between urinary 8-OHdG and whole blood leukocyte count, both on day 5 (p =.04, r =.72) and on day 22 (p =.009, r =.80) after irradiation onset. One patient who lacked the first peak of 8-OHdG excretion showed low blood leukocyte counts (less than 2 x 10(9)/l) before therapy onset; this patient, however, later had a successful engraftment and then also showed considerable increases in both 8-OHdG excretion and leukocyte count. These observations suggest leukocytes play a part in the excretion of 8-OHdG after conditioning therapy preceding bone marrow transplantation. As opposed to the biphasic 8-OHdG excretion, the excretion of MDA showed a single peak appearing on days 11-19 after radiochemotherapy onset, i.e., during the period in which the patients suffered from cytopenia, mucositis, and other side effects of the treatment. It is suggested, therefore, that these clinical manifestations are associated with increased lipid peroxidation. Altogether, these findings illustrate the utility of serial urinary samples for monitoring oxidative stress due to conditioning therapy in clinical practice. They also demonstrate that different oxidative stress markers may behave quite differently regarding their appearance in the urine after whole-body oxidative stress.     

Catecholamine activity and infectious disease episodes.

The profile of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy mandelic acid (VMA) excretion was studied in relation to reported acute infectious disease episodes. Daily VMA excretion levels and symptom reports were analyzed for a group of 47 volunteers over a four-week period. Results showed a tendency for elevated VMA levels to occur with greater frequency within three days prior to the onset of symptoms. These findings are interpreted as suggesting that elevated levels of catecholamine activity may increase susceptibility to disease by interfering with the immune response, and in the presence of an agent lead to an infectious disease episode.     

Circadian rhythms of urinary electrolyte excretion in freely moving rats

In 8 freely moving rats the circadian variation in the eletrolyte excretion was studied. Food was available during either the dark or the light period. The lights were on from 0800–2000 hr. Potassium, phosphate and magnesium showed peak excretion values during the dark period under both feeding conditions, although the maxima occurred 2.5 hr earlier when the rats were fed during the light period; minimum excretion was recorded just prior to feeding. Sodium excretion followed a different pattern; for animals fed during the night, maximum excretion occurred almost at the end of the dark period and minimum excretion at the start of the feeding period. For day-fed animals these values were recorded 5 and 4 hours earlier, respectively. Calcium excretion reached a maximum after the feeding period and a minimum shortly after the onset of feeding. From this study it can be concluded that the peak excretions of potassium, phosphate and magnesium are only slightly influenced by the feeding regimen, indicating that they depend mainly on an endogenous rhythm. In contrast, the minimum excretion of these ions is determined by feeding. For calcium maximum as well as minimum excretion is correlated with the feeding regimen. The excretion pattern of sodium differs from that of calcium, as well as potassium, phosphate and magnesium, indicating that it is controlled by a different mechanism.     

成人腹泻轮状病毒蛋白的免疫印迹分析

我们从腹泻病人便样中纯化了病毒,其结构蛋白组分按分子量大小分别为VP1(136K),VP2(113K),VP3(92K),VP4(84K),VP5(64K),VP6(47K),VP7(41K)。所有这些蛋白皆具有抗原性。WP6是B组轮状病毒的共同抗原。B组轮状病毒的每一结构蛋白与A组轮状病毒都无交叉免疫反应。另外注意到二例不同病人对VP6和VP7刺激产生的抗体水平不同。     

No evidence for prolonged excretion of polioviruses in persons with residual paralytic poliomyelitis in Ethiopia, Pakistan and Guatemala.

Persons who have developed acute flaccid paralysis following infection with wild-type polioviruses or vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis usually excrete polioviruses for only a few weeks. However, some patients with paralytic poliomyelitis have had prolonged excretion of polioviruses for periods of up to 10 years after onset of disease. Most prolonged excretors have been identified in industrialized countries. We studied 348 patients 2-28 years old in Ethiopia, Pakistan and Guatemala with residual paralytic poliomyelitis to determine if they had IgA or IgG deficiency or persistent poliomyelitis excretion at least 1 year after onset of disease. None of the 348 affected individuals had IgG deficiency or persistent poliovirus excretion. One child had borderline low serum IgA concentration. Since we did not study children under 2 years of age, persons born with IgG deficiency disorders may have died in developing countries where replacement immunoglobulin therapy is not readily available. Nevertheless, persistent poliovirus excretion among persons 2 years of age and older with residual paralytic poliomyelitis is uncommon in developing countries.     

Catecholamines increase in the urine of non-segmental vitiligo especially during its active phase

Neural factors appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. To investigate the possible correlation between vitiligo and peripheral monoaminergic system activity, we used high-pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detector methods to evaluate the basal urine excretion values of catecholamines [norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine and dopamine (DA)], their relative metabolites [3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), normetanephrine (NMN), metanephrine (MN), vanilmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid], as well as 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), in 35 healthy subjects and in 70 patients, suffering from non-segmental vitiligo at different stages of the disease. Levels of NE, DA, NMN, MN, MHPG, VMA and 5-HIAA were found to be significantly higher in patients than in controls. The patients with progressive vitiligo (n = 56) presented increased urinary excretion values for all parameters (in particular, NE levels) than other patients. Interestingly, in patients at its more recent vitiligo onset (<1 yr), NE values were different to those of subjects affected from 1 to 5 yr and from 6 to 10 yr. This result was confirmed by the significant negative relationship detected between NE excretion values and disease duration. In both vitiligo and control groups, significant correlations were found between monoamines as well as between these monoamines and their metabolites. The increase in catecholamine turnover, mainly occurring at the onset of the disease, is probably due to the stress associated with the appearance of lesions. Moreover, considering that these compounds readily produce toxic free-radicals and that vitiliginous subjects have a defective free radical defence mechanism, they may also contribute to the disappearance of melanocytes in the early phases of vitiligo.